Arterial blood gases and electrolytes were determined in 159 cases of adult respirato-ry distress syndrome(ARDS).It was found that disordered acid-base balance was a commonfinding in various kinds of ARDS.In mild ARDS...Arterial blood gases and electrolytes were determined in 159 cases of adult respirato-ry distress syndrome(ARDS).It was found that disordered acid-base balance was a commonfinding in various kinds of ARDS.In mild ARDS,respiratory alkalosis and the combination ofrespiratory alkalosis plus metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis were usually encounted,whilein moderate and severe cases of ARDS,triple acid-base disorders,respiratory acidosis,and thecombination of respiratory acidosis plus metabolic acidosis were commonly seen.Severe alkalosiswas one of the factors to result in death.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the associations of dietary acidbase load with prevalent and incident hypertension in community-living Chinese older adults in Hong Kong.METHODS: Participants aged ≥ 65 years participating in a co...AIM: To investigate the associations of dietary acidbase load with prevalent and incident hypertension in community-living Chinese older adults in Hong Kong.METHODS: Participants aged ≥ 65 years participating in a cohort study examining the risk factors for osteoporosis completed a validated food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) at baseline between 2001 and 2003.Estimated net endogenous acid production(NEAP) was calculated using Frassetto's method based on the diet's protein to potassium ratio derived from the FFQ.Prevalent and 4-year incident hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg and/or self-reported use of anti-hypertensive medications.Multivariable logistic regression was used for cross-sectional analysis(n =3956) to assess the association between estimated NEAP and prevalent hypertension,and for longitudinal analysis(n = 795) on its association with 4-year incident hypertension,with adjustment for various potential socio-demographic and lifestyle factors.RESULTS: Median estimated NEAP of the participants was 47.7(interquartile range: 36.2,60.9) g/m Eq.Participants in the highest quartile of energy-adjusted estimated NEAP was associated with increased likelihood of prevalent hypertension than those in the lowest quartile of energy-adjusted estimated NEAP [multivariable OR = 1.66(95%CI: 1.22 to 2.26,P trend = 0.002)].No significant association was observed between energy-adjusted estimated NEAP and risk of incident hypertension.CONCLUSION: A high dietary acid load was independently associated with an increased likelihood of prevalent hypertension in ambulant older Chinese people in Hong Kong.The longitudinal analyses failed to show any causal relationship between dietary acid load and hypertension in this population.展开更多
Ethanol is a considerable platform molecule in biomass conversion,which could be acquired in quantity through acetone-butanol-ethanol(ABE)fermentation.People have been working on the upgrading of ethanol to value adde...Ethanol is a considerable platform molecule in biomass conversion,which could be acquired in quantity through acetone-butanol-ethanol(ABE)fermentation.People have been working on the upgrading of ethanol to value added chemicals for decades.In the meantime,1-butanol and a series of value added products have been selectively generated through C–C bond coupling.In this mini-review,we focus on the recent advances in selective C–C bond formation over balanced Lewis acid-base catalysts such as modified metal oxide,mixed metal oxide,hydroxyapatite and zeolite confined transition metal oxide catalysts.Among them,Pd-MgAlO_x and Sr-based hydroxyapatite exhibit>70%1-butanol selectivity,while Zn——xZr_yO_z and Ta-Si BEA zeolite achieve>80%of isobutene and butadiene selectivity respectively.The mechanism and reaction pathway of C–C bond formation in each reaction system are described in detail.The correlation between C–C bond coupling and the acidity/basicity of the Lewis acid-base pairs from the surface of the catalysts are also discussed.展开更多
The reaction mechanism of IA/MA copolymer system andcotton cellulose is conjectured and verified, the two keysteps, such as the formation of cyclic anhydride interme-diates and the building of ester crosslinklng, and ...The reaction mechanism of IA/MA copolymer system andcotton cellulose is conjectured and verified, the two keysteps, such as the formation of cyclic anhydride interme-diates and the building of ester crosslinklng, and the ef-fect of sodium hypophosphite are especially emphasized,by FT - IR spectroscopy and acid- base titration anal-yses. The experiments reveal that carboxylic acids main.ly change to cyclic anhydride in the pre - drying step andSodium Hypophosphite (SHP) has effect on it, but mostester - crosslinkages are built in the curing step and SHPhas effects on both anhydride formation and ester -crosslinking formation.展开更多
Here we have synthesized cancer targeting drug delivery system that contains β-cyclodextrin as a drug carrier and folic acid as a targeting ligand. Folic acid was selected as a cancer targeting ligand because folic a...Here we have synthesized cancer targeting drug delivery system that contains β-cyclodextrin as a drug carrier and folic acid as a targeting ligand. Folic acid was selected as a cancer targeting ligand because folic acid receptors are highly expressed in a variety of tumor types. β-cyclodextrin and folic acid were connected through a linker [1,10-phenanthroline or 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural]. β-cyclodextrin and folic acid were attached to the linker by formation of Schiffbase and ester, respectively. Our targeted synthetic products were confirmed by NMR, Mass and IR spectroscopy. We anticipate that our synthetic products can confer cancer cell-specific drug delivery as well as desired properties such as nanoparticle formation.展开更多
文摘Arterial blood gases and electrolytes were determined in 159 cases of adult respirato-ry distress syndrome(ARDS).It was found that disordered acid-base balance was a commonfinding in various kinds of ARDS.In mild ARDS,respiratory alkalosis and the combination ofrespiratory alkalosis plus metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis were usually encounted,whilein moderate and severe cases of ARDS,triple acid-base disorders,respiratory acidosis,and thecombination of respiratory acidosis plus metabolic acidosis were commonly seen.Severe alkalosiswas one of the factors to result in death.
基金Supported by Grants from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong,CUHK 4101/02Mthe Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust+1 种基金the SH Ho Centre for Gerontology and Geriatricthe Centre for Nutritional Studies,The Chinese University of Hong Kong
文摘AIM: To investigate the associations of dietary acidbase load with prevalent and incident hypertension in community-living Chinese older adults in Hong Kong.METHODS: Participants aged ≥ 65 years participating in a cohort study examining the risk factors for osteoporosis completed a validated food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) at baseline between 2001 and 2003.Estimated net endogenous acid production(NEAP) was calculated using Frassetto's method based on the diet's protein to potassium ratio derived from the FFQ.Prevalent and 4-year incident hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg and/or self-reported use of anti-hypertensive medications.Multivariable logistic regression was used for cross-sectional analysis(n =3956) to assess the association between estimated NEAP and prevalent hypertension,and for longitudinal analysis(n = 795) on its association with 4-year incident hypertension,with adjustment for various potential socio-demographic and lifestyle factors.RESULTS: Median estimated NEAP of the participants was 47.7(interquartile range: 36.2,60.9) g/m Eq.Participants in the highest quartile of energy-adjusted estimated NEAP was associated with increased likelihood of prevalent hypertension than those in the lowest quartile of energy-adjusted estimated NEAP [multivariable OR = 1.66(95%CI: 1.22 to 2.26,P trend = 0.002)].No significant association was observed between energy-adjusted estimated NEAP and risk of incident hypertension.CONCLUSION: A high dietary acid load was independently associated with an increased likelihood of prevalent hypertension in ambulant older Chinese people in Hong Kong.The longitudinal analyses failed to show any causal relationship between dietary acid load and hypertension in this population.
基金supported by the “111 Project” of China (B18030) and Nankai University
文摘Ethanol is a considerable platform molecule in biomass conversion,which could be acquired in quantity through acetone-butanol-ethanol(ABE)fermentation.People have been working on the upgrading of ethanol to value added chemicals for decades.In the meantime,1-butanol and a series of value added products have been selectively generated through C–C bond coupling.In this mini-review,we focus on the recent advances in selective C–C bond formation over balanced Lewis acid-base catalysts such as modified metal oxide,mixed metal oxide,hydroxyapatite and zeolite confined transition metal oxide catalysts.Among them,Pd-MgAlO_x and Sr-based hydroxyapatite exhibit>70%1-butanol selectivity,while Zn——xZr_yO_z and Ta-Si BEA zeolite achieve>80%of isobutene and butadiene selectivity respectively.The mechanism and reaction pathway of C–C bond formation in each reaction system are described in detail.The correlation between C–C bond coupling and the acidity/basicity of the Lewis acid-base pairs from the surface of the catalysts are also discussed.
文摘The reaction mechanism of IA/MA copolymer system andcotton cellulose is conjectured and verified, the two keysteps, such as the formation of cyclic anhydride interme-diates and the building of ester crosslinklng, and the ef-fect of sodium hypophosphite are especially emphasized,by FT - IR spectroscopy and acid- base titration anal-yses. The experiments reveal that carboxylic acids main.ly change to cyclic anhydride in the pre - drying step andSodium Hypophosphite (SHP) has effect on it, but mostester - crosslinkages are built in the curing step and SHPhas effects on both anhydride formation and ester -crosslinking formation.
文摘Here we have synthesized cancer targeting drug delivery system that contains β-cyclodextrin as a drug carrier and folic acid as a targeting ligand. Folic acid was selected as a cancer targeting ligand because folic acid receptors are highly expressed in a variety of tumor types. β-cyclodextrin and folic acid were connected through a linker [1,10-phenanthroline or 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural]. β-cyclodextrin and folic acid were attached to the linker by formation of Schiffbase and ester, respectively. Our targeted synthetic products were confirmed by NMR, Mass and IR spectroscopy. We anticipate that our synthetic products can confer cancer cell-specific drug delivery as well as desired properties such as nanoparticle formation.
