UV-A Activated ZnO Mediated Photocatalytic Decolorization of Nigrosine (Acid Black 2) Dye in Aqueous Solution

The present study deals with studied the essential requirements for photo-decoulorization of nigrosine dye with suspension solution of photocatalyst (ZnO), under 250 Watt UV-A light (Io = 1.47 10-7 ensien s-1). A kinetics study of photo-decolourization for this dye was obeyed to pseudo-first order. The best initial pH of decolorization at 25 mg/L of dye solution with 300 mg of ZnO was given a fast reaction at 8.17. The calculated activation energy for this photoreaction was found to be 31.549 kJ·mol-1. Thermodynamically, the reaction is exothermic and spontaneously. The efficiency of decolorizatio E% was 97.077 at 15 min that decreased with addition oxidant reagents such as H2O2, Fe2+ and mixture from them.

劣质褐煤活性炭对含Acidblack 10B水溶液吸附性能的研究

以劣质褐煤为原料制备的活性炭对含Acid black 10B的染料废水具有明显的吸附效果,研究结果表明:静态吸附时间以60 min为宜;活性炭投加量和染料初始浓度是影响吸附过程的主要因素,初始染料浓度为100 mg/L时,其投加量以1.5 g/L为宜;温度和pH值对吸附处理结果影响很小.

Manganese extraction from high-iron-content manganese oxide ores by selective reduction roasting-acid leaching process using black charcoal as reductant

Reduction roasting-acid leaching process was utilized to process high-iron-content manganese oxide ore using black charcoal as reductant. The results indicate that, compared with the traditional reductant of anthracite, higher manganese extraction efficiency is achieved at lower roasting temperature and shorter residence time. The effects of roasting parameters on the leaching efficiency of Mn and Fe were studied, and the optimal parameters are determined as follows: roasting temperature is 650 °C, residence time is 40 min, and black charcoal dosage is 10%(mass fraction). Under these conditions, the leaching efficiency of Mn reaches 82.37% while that of Fe is controlled below 7%. XRD results show that a majority of MnO2 and Fe2O3 in the raw ore are reduced to MnO and Fe3O4, respectively.

Nutritional value of a partially defatted and a highly defatted black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) meal for broiler chickens: apparent nutrient digestibility,apparent metabolizable energy and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility

Background: The study aimed to determine the apparent total tract digestibility coefficients(ATTDC) of nutrients, the apparent metabolizable energy(AME and AMEn) and the amino acid(AA) apparent ileal digestibility coefficients(AIDC)of a partially defatted(BSFp) and a highly defatted(BSFh) black soldier fly larvae meal. The experimental diets were: a basal diet and two diets prepared by substituting 250 g/kg(w/w) of the basal diet with BSFp or BSFh, respectively.Results: Significant differences were found between BSFp and BSFh meals for ATTDC of the nutrients: BSFp resulted more digestible than BSFh, except for ATTDC of CP which did not differed between meals, while a statistical trend was observed for ATTDC of DM and EE. The AME and AMEn values were significantly(P < 0.05) different between the two BSF meals, with higher levels for BSFp(16.25 and 14.87 MJ/kg DM, respectively). The AIDC of the AA in BSFp ranged from 0.44 to 0.92, while in BSFh they ranged from 0.45 to 0.99. No significant differences were observed for the AA digestibility(0.77 and 0.80 for BSFp and BSFh, respectively), except for glutamic acid, proline and serine that were more digestible in the BSFh meal(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Defatted BSF meals can be considered as an excellent source of AME and digestible AA for broilers with a better efficient nutrient digestion. These considerations suggested the effective utilization of defatted BSF larvae meal in poultry feed formulation.

Pressure acid leaching of black shale for extraction of vanadium

Extraction of vanadium from black shale was attempted in pressure acid leaching.The chemical components of the sample obtained from Guizhou Province of China show that it contains 3.258%V2O5,52.880%SiO2 and 16.140%Al2O3.Phase analyses of vanadium indicates vanadium mainly exists in the free oxide and mica.Vanadium contents in the two phases are 18%and 53%, respectively.The contents of V3 +,V 4+and V 5+are almost equal.Under the optimum parameters of one-step leaching(reaction time of 3 h,sulfuric addition of 25%,temperature of 150℃,liquid to solid ratio of 1.2 mL/g,catalyst(FeSO4)addition of 5%and size of 85%particle 0.074 mm),about 77%of vanadium is recovered.After two-step countercurrent leaching,the leach recovery of vanadium can reach above 90%.Air replacing oxygen is completely feasible.The impurity metals can dissolve into solution in different degrees.

Hydraulic and carbonizing actions of sulfuric acid to straw pulp and paper black liquor

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Effects of humic acid coatings on phenanthrene sorption to black carbon

Black carbon （BC） can strongly adsorb hydrophobic organic compounds （HOCs）. The HOC sorption to coated BC could be attenuated in soil and sediment compared with that of the parent BC. To study the potential causes of the sorption attenuation, humic acid （HA） and BC were isolated. Phenanthrene （PHE） was selected as the representative of HOCs. BC was coated with the precipitated HA. The PHE sorption to the HA-coated BC was determined. The HA coatings on BC could result in the significant sorption attenuation of PHE to BC. The attenuation varied in different HA origin and was positively correlated to the aromaticity of HA. The attenuation could be explained by the direct competition between HA and PHE for the available sorption sites on BC and the reduction of the available sorption sites as a result of the pore blockage of BC caused by the HA coatings. Therefore, the HA coatings on BC was one potential cause of the attenuation of HOC sorption to BC in soil and sediment.

Relationship between Obesity, Serum Uric Acid, Serum Potassium and Glomerular Filtration Rate with Electric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Blacks Central Africans with High Blood Pressure

The authors conducted a retrospective study over a period of 6 months in a hypertensive population in order to determine the correlation between serum uric acid on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and estimated serum potassium with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and obesity. This study enrolled 122 patients including 63 women (51.6%). The mean age was 55.9 ± 10.6 years (range 30 to 74 years). Obesity weight was found in 38 cases (31.1%) of which 20?were men (33.9%) and 18 women (28.6%). Abdominal obesity was found in 104 cases (85.2%). The average serum uric acid in patients with obesity weight was 63.3 ± 18.9 mg/L vs 62.4 ± 14.2 mg/L for no-obese patients (p?= 0.63). The average serum potassium in obese patients was 4.06 ± 0.42 mEq/L vs 4.02 ± 0.46 mEq/L for no-obese (p?= 0.65). The average GFR was 73.4 ± 21.4 ml/L in obese patients vs 66.6 ± 22.6 ml/min in no-obese (p?= 0.03). The LVH was found in 81 cases (66.4%). The LVH was found in 65 (62.5%) obese patients vs?16 (88%) non-obese patients (OR = 4.8, 95% 1.04?-?22?p?= 0.02). Only abdominal?obesity has been correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy after multivariate analysis. Emphasis must be focused on public health actions for effective and appropriate measures against obesity and hypertension, whose prevalence is increasing in our region.

Ball-milling MoS_2/carbon black hybrid material for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic medium

Replacing platinum for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） in acidic medium remains great chal- lenges. Herein, we prepared few-layered MoS2 by ball milling as an efficient catalyst for HER in acidic medium, The activity of as-prepared MoS2 had a strong dependence on the ball milling time, Furthermore, Ketjen Black EC 300J was added into the ball-milled MoS2 followed by a second ball milling, and the resultant MoS2/carbon black hybrid material showed a much higher HER activity than MoS2 and carbon black alone. The enhanced activity of the MoS2/carbon black hybrid material was attributed to the increased abundance of catalytic edge sites of MoS） and excellent electrical coupling to the underlving carbon network.

Study on treatment of acidic black 10B dye wastewater by chemical oxidation and adsorption of activated carbon fixed bed

Acidic black 10B dye wastewater was treated by chemical oxidation and adsorption of activated carbon fixed bed and all kinds of influential factors of removal CODcr were discussed. When the initial concentration of the dye was 150 mg/L, CODer was 432 mg/L and chrome was 2800 times, the appropriate conditions determined by the experiment were as follows： r（NaC10）--4.84 g/L, 25 min, pH=6, height of activated carbon fixed bed was 10 cm. Under these conditions, the decolorizing rate can come up to about 100% and total removed rate of CODer reached at 89.6%. Comparison of UV-Vis adsorption spectrums before and after treatment showed that decomposition effects of chemical oxidation and adsorption of activated carbon fixed bed on acidic black 10B dye wastewater were satisfactory.

Formation of Black Patina on Bronze Mirrors Caused by Humic Acid

The formation of black patina caused by soil humic acid under different conditions has been studied,and the black, grey and brown shiny surfaces prepared in laboratory have been analysed. The formation of tin-rich shiny black surface on mirrors was the product of the soil corrosion of the bronze mirrors. It is formed by reaction between the alloy and the humic acid in soil, and leaching of copper and lead oxides through a long period of time when the mirrors were buried under the ground. A dense cormsion-resistallt layer on the bronze mirrors consisted predominantly of stannic oxide.

Association of Bovine Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Gene Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Intramuscular Fatty Acid Composition in Japanese Black Steers

Beef from Japanese Black cattle (JBK), is popular in Japan and valued for its highly marbled fat content. In JBK, genes affecting oleic acid content in meat have been studied mainly to lower the fat melting point and improve tenderness;however, there has been no direct correlation demonstrated between beef taste and oleic acid. To investigate genes affecting other fatty acids other than oleic acid, polymorphisms of the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene were genotyped and associations with fatty acid profile in JBK beef were investigated. Amplifications of 5’-flanking regions, 12 exons, and 3’-untranslated regions of the FADS2 gene in three Japanese and five Western cattle breeds via PCR, were amplified, sequenced and SNPs were identified using specific TaqMan genotyping assay. Fatty acid composition of intramuscular adipose tissue of the Trapezius muscle was analyzed in JBK steers. Six of the 15 identified SNPs are novel and have never been registered in any public bovine SNP database. A non-synonymous SNP (rs211580559;C > T;294 Ala > Val) in exon 7 was examined in order to evaluate its association with fatty acid profiles. The data showed that highly significant association existed between rs211580559 and C18:2 (n-6) composition, and accounted for 22.3% of the variation. There were no significant relationships between rs2115-80559 and the other fatty acids. It was concluded that rs211580559 of the FADS2 gene may be a useful selection marker for reducing unfavorable volatiles generated from linoleic acid in JBK beef during the cooking process.

Comparison of anthocyanin and fatty acid in black and ordinary peanuts

In this study, anthocyanin and fatty acid compositions between black and ordinary peanuts were compared. Results showed that black peanuts contained 93.90±18.36 μg/g of cyanidin, which was significantly higher than that of ordinary peanuts. In addition, although both of black and ordinary peanuts shared some specific fatty acids, 4 fatty acids in black peanuts were significantly different from those in ordinary peanuts, which could be used as markers to distinguish black peanut from ordinary ones. This study might serve as a reference for authenticity identification and further nutritional researches on black peanut.

Aluminum Contents in Dry Leaves and Infusions of Commercial Black and Green Tea Leaves: Effects of Sucrose and Ascorbic Acid Added to Infusions

Tea consumption has increased due to its beneficial effects. Results from a lab study on the effect of sucrose (5 g per cup, 150 mL) and/or ascorbic acid (2 mL per cup, 150 mL) on dissolved aluminum compounds during the infusion of two commercial types of dry tea leaves (black, green) with boiling water (5, 15 min infusion time) are presented. Factors influencing the presence of dissolved aluminum in the infusions of both tea leaves were infusion time and sugar contents, as well as the interaction between ascorbic acid and sucrose (p < 0.05). Aluminum contents found after 15 min of infusion were 0.7 mg L–1 for black tea infusions added with sugar, and 0.69 mg L–1 for green tea added with both sugar and ascorbic acid. Both concentrations are higher than the level accepted in Mexico for drinking water (there is no act concerning tea infusions), that is 0.2 mg L–1.

Lipids and Fatty Acid Composition of Dried Edible Red and Black Ants

Total lipid contents,lipid classes and fatty acid compositions of hot-air dried edible black ants（Polyrhachis vicina Roger） from Wenzhou and Guizhou,China,and edible red ant（Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius） from Thailand were determined.The major lipid components were triacylglycerol（43.4-79.4% of total lipid）,followed by phospholipids（6.1-21.5%）,diacylglycerol（6.1-18.1%） and cholesterol ester（4.9-13.5%） while free fatty acids（1.8-2.9%） and sterol（0.5-0.8%） were the minor components.Oleic acid（C18：1） was the most predominant fatty acid,accounting for 3 407.8,9 098.8 and 3 790.1 mg 100 g-1 in Wenzhou and Guizhou black ants,and Thai red ant,respectively.Followed by palmitic acid（C16：0）,922.9,2 523.3 and 1 511.8 mg 100 g-1;linoleic acid（C18：2n-6）,133.7,305.2 and 506.4 mg 100 g-1;α-linolenic acid（C18：3n-3）,35.1,138.0 and 52.5 mg 100 g-1;eicosapentaenoic acid（C20：5n-3） was 19.1,15.0 and 20.0 mg 100 g-1 in Wenzhou and Guizhou black ants,and Thai red ant,respectively.Docosapentaenoic acid（C22：5n-3） was only found in black ants,7.0 and 7.3 mg 100 g-1 for Wenzhou and Guizhou ants,respectively.The edible black and red ants were shown to be a good source of unsaturated fatty acid.

Determination of Dopamine in Presence of Uric Acid at Poly (Eriochrome Black t) Film Modified Graphite Pencil Electrode

A simple commercial graphite pencil electrode was used to investigate the electrochemical oxidation of dopamine. The electropolymerised film of eriochrome black t was prepared on the surface of graphite pencil electrode by using cyclic voltammetry technique. The prepared electrode exhibits an excellent electrocatalytical activity towards the determination of dopamine. The effects of concentration, pH and scan rate were investigated. Simultaneous detection of dopamine and uric acid was investigated by using both cyclic voltammetric and differential pulse voltammetry technique. The modified electrode was also used for the detection of dopamine in injection.

PLPP3基因多态性对北京黑猪背部脂肪厚度和脂肪酸含量的影响

[目的]探究磷脂磷酸酶3(PLPP3)基因多态位点与北京黑猪背部脂肪厚度及其脂肪酸含量的相关性,为北京黑猪背部脂肪厚度和脂肪酸含量的遗传改良提供参考。[方法]本研究采集239头北京黑猪耳组织样,获得基因组重测序数据。测定北京黑猪不同部位(肩部最厚处、第6和第7胸椎结合处、胸腰结合处、腰荐结合处)的背部脂肪厚度及左侧胴体第6和7胸椎背部脂肪中5种脂肪酸(棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸)的含量。利用测序结果研究PLPP3基因的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点的群体遗传特性、单倍型连锁情况,将SNP位点与各部位背部脂肪厚度及脂肪酸含量进行关联分析。进行启动子区SNP转录因子(transcription factor, TF)预测,并运用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测PLPP3功能位点不同基因型个体背部脂肪中基因的表达差异。[结果]该北京黑猪群体中PLPP3基因包含8个SNPs,共5个SNPs显示中度多态性(0.25T位点呈现哈代-温伯格平衡状态P>0.05)。单倍型连锁分析显示,g.155800228 G>A和g.155800259 A>C位点之间存在较强的连锁(D’=91%);g.155891807 G>A和g.155891715 A>G位点之间存在一定的连锁性(D’>80%)。基因多态位点与背部脂肪厚度性状的关联分析结果表明,g.155800222 C>A、g.155891715 A>G、g.155891807 G>A、g.155894136 C>T位点不同基因型个体的背部脂肪厚度存在显著差异(P<0.05)。基因多态位点与脂肪酸含量的关联分析显示,g.155800222 C>A、g.155800228 G>A位点不同基因型个体背部脂肪中的棕榈酸含量和亚油酸/α-亚麻酸存在显著差异(P<0.05)。启动子区SNPs TF预测发现,g.155800228 G>A位点的变异,导致与其结合的TF由SPI1变为MYB。进一步分析g.155800228 G>A位点不同基因型个体背部脂肪组织PLPP3基因的表达情况,发现AA基因型个体PLPP3基因mRNA水平显著高于GG基因型(P<0.05)。[结论]PLPP3基因的多态位点不同基因型个体的北京黑猪不同部位背部脂肪厚度及部分脂肪酸含量存在显著差异。这些多态位点可作为北京黑猪背部脂肪厚度和脂肪酸含量的潜在分子标记,为北京黑猪的选育提供理论支撑。

Effect of Crossbreed on the Muscle Quality(Chemical Composition) in Yun-Ling Black Goats

Twenty castrated male goats, each of Yun-Ling Black goats （YLB goat）, N × YLB hybrid goats （Nubian ♂ ×Yun-Ling Black goats 9） and B × YLB hybrid goats （Boer ♂× Yun-Ling Black goats ♀）, were used to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding on the meat chemical composition in the YLB goats of China. After weaning of 90 days, all the experimental goats were reared on natural pasture when they were slaughtered at an age of 730 days. The longissimus dorsi （LD） and biceps femoris （BF） muscles were sampled from each carcass to determine chemical compositions. Both hybrid goats had higher protein content （P 〈 0.01） and lower fat content （P 〈 0.05） than the YLB goats in the two types of muscle. The inosinic acid contents of LD muscle for the YLB goats and the B × YLB hybrid goats were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than that for the N × YLB hybrid goats. The LD muscle from the YLB goats contained higher essential amino acid （P 〈 0.01）, total amino acid （P 〈 0.01）, and some individual amino acid （P 〈 0.05） than those from the hybrid goats. The concentration of unsaturated fatty acid （USFA） of LD muscle from the N × YLB hybrid goats was significantly higher than the other two goat breeds （P〈0.05） but did not differ between the other two goat breeds （P〉0.05）. The YLB goats had significantly higher （P〈0.05） concentrations of oleic acid （C18：1） and linolenic acid （C18：3） of LD muscle than the hybrid goats, had significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） proportion of mono-unsaturated （Sum for C 16：1 and C 18：1） than the B ×YLB hybrid goats, and tended to be higher than the N × YLB hybrid goats （P 〉 0.05）. In contrast, the proportion of poly-unsaturated in the YLB goats was significantly lower （P 〈 0.05） than that in the hybrid goats.

Spectroscopic characteristics of two typical soil humic acids in China

Humic acid （HA） is known to be a complex organic compound with varying structural and functional characteristics. In this study, three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy （3DEEM）, ultraviolet-visible （UV-Vis） and Fourier-transform infrared （FT-IR） were applied to study the fluorescence characteristics and structure of two typical soil HAs in China. The effects of concentration of HA, pH and ionic strength on the fluorescence behaviors were investigated. The results indicate that ionic strength over the range from 0 to 0.05mol L^-1 NaNO3 did not affect the 3DEEM of HA. The concentration of HA and pH of the test solution had obvious effects on the 3DEEM. When the concentration of soil HA was lower than 10mg L^-1, HA has only one obvious fluorescence peak. However, there were several fluorescence peaks for HA in high concentration （≥50mg L^-1）, and its Ex/Em maximum wavelength shifted towards longer wavelength with increasing the concentration of HA. The fluorescence intensity of HA enhanced with the increase of pH, and achieved maximum at pH 10. The effect of pH on the fluorescence intensity of black soil HA （BHA） was the severest and a polycondensation of BHA existed with the change of pH. At the same condition, the fluorescence intensity of red soil HA （RHA） was stronger than that of BHA. At the excitation wavelength of 340nm, the maximum emission peak positions of RHA and BHA were 474 and 504nm at pH 6.0, and their fluorescence quantum yields （QY） were 2.1-2.5% and 1.5-1.9%, respectively. Based on the maximum emission peak positions and fluorescence quantum yield, RHA and BHA can be distinguished.