The forces acting on submillimeter spheres at the air-water interface are investigated theoretically and experimentally. To calculate the capillary force acting on the sphere, an iterative method is used to determine ...The forces acting on submillimeter spheres at the air-water interface are investigated theoretically and experimentally. To calculate the capillary force acting on the sphere, an iterative method is used to determine the immersing position of the liquid interface on the sphere for a given distance. Then the total forces acting on the sphere are considered. The scaling effects of the net force acting on the sphere at the air-water interface are demonstrated. For the experiments, the force-position relationship of microspheres is measured with a precise electronic balance. The results show that the evaporation of the liquid in the container affects the measuring results greatly under ambient conditions. After considering the evaporation compensation, there is a great agree- ment between the theoretical and experimental results. Obvious hysteresis phenomena of the force-distance curve during the emersion processes are also observed and explained.展开更多
The simulation is carried out by employing the method of molecular dynamics with the single chain of konjac glucomannan （KGM） in vacuum as the structural model to discuss the factors that affect the single chain str...The simulation is carried out by employing the method of molecular dynamics with the single chain of konjac glucomannan （KGM） in vacuum as the structural model to discuss the factors that affect the single chain structure, the dynamic structure of the chain and the acting forces that maintain the chain structure. The results show that the shape and stability of the chain are affected by the degree of polymerization. As for the KGM with high degree of polymerization, its chain presents random coiling state and its stability declines. Both before and after deacetylation in the process of dynamic motion, the chain of KGM presents random coiling state with periodic variation of extension and coil and demonstrates favorable flexibility, indicating acetyl is not the main factor that affects the shape of chain, whereas dihedral angle and static actions are respectively the key bonding and nonbonding acting forces that influence the single chain conformations in vacuum.展开更多
Comprehensive 3D model tests and numerical simulation were performed to study the effects of wave obliquity and multidirectionality on the wave forces acting on vertical breakwaters. The variation of wave forces actin...Comprehensive 3D model tests and numerical simulation were performed to study the effects of wave obliquity and multidirectionality on the wave forces acting on vertical breakwaters. The variation of wave forces acting on the unit length of a breakwater was analyzed, and the results were compared with Goda＇s formula. A numerical model based on a short-crest wave system was used to model regular wave forces for practical use, which showed good results for those waves with small incident angles.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61005072the Self-Planned Task of State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System under Grant Nos SKLRS201501A04 and SKLRS201301A01
文摘The forces acting on submillimeter spheres at the air-water interface are investigated theoretically and experimentally. To calculate the capillary force acting on the sphere, an iterative method is used to determine the immersing position of the liquid interface on the sphere for a given distance. Then the total forces acting on the sphere are considered. The scaling effects of the net force acting on the sphere at the air-water interface are demonstrated. For the experiments, the force-position relationship of microspheres is measured with a precise electronic balance. The results show that the evaporation of the liquid in the container affects the measuring results greatly under ambient conditions. After considering the evaporation compensation, there is a great agree- ment between the theoretical and experimental results. Obvious hysteresis phenomena of the force-distance curve during the emersion processes are also observed and explained.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30371009), Science Foundation of Fujian Department of Education (JA03059) and Key Project of Science and Technology of Fujian Province (2003Y008)
文摘The simulation is carried out by employing the method of molecular dynamics with the single chain of konjac glucomannan （KGM） in vacuum as the structural model to discuss the factors that affect the single chain structure, the dynamic structure of the chain and the acting forces that maintain the chain structure. The results show that the shape and stability of the chain are affected by the degree of polymerization. As for the KGM with high degree of polymerization, its chain presents random coiling state and its stability declines. Both before and after deacetylation in the process of dynamic motion, the chain of KGM presents random coiling state with periodic variation of extension and coil and demonstrates favorable flexibility, indicating acetyl is not the main factor that affects the shape of chain, whereas dihedral angle and static actions are respectively the key bonding and nonbonding acting forces that influence the single chain conformations in vacuum.
基金Project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 50079001).
文摘Comprehensive 3D model tests and numerical simulation were performed to study the effects of wave obliquity and multidirectionality on the wave forces acting on vertical breakwaters. The variation of wave forces acting on the unit length of a breakwater was analyzed, and the results were compared with Goda＇s formula. A numerical model based on a short-crest wave system was used to model regular wave forces for practical use, which showed good results for those waves with small incident angles.
