Embodiment theories proposed that the comprehension of language involves sensory-motor simulation in the brain.The present study examined the brain response to motor compatibility effect in comprehending action-relate...Embodiment theories proposed that the comprehension of language involves sensory-motor simulation in the brain.The present study examined the brain response to motor compatibility effect in comprehending action-related linguistic materials for participants learning Chinese as a second language(L2).In this study,participants are required to read action-related sentences describing an agent performing two manual actions simultaneously or sequentially by manipulating temporal conjunctions.The sentences with simultaneous actions are marked by Chinese parallel structure一边……一边……(“while”)showing non-congruent motor condition while the sequential action sentences are marked by先……然后……(“after”)showing congruent motor condition.Event-Related Potentials(ERPs)were recorded with the second verb phrase.A larger fronto-central late positivity was observed for the sentences with simultaneous actions rather than the sentences with sequential actions due to body constraints,revealing that late L2 Chinese learners integrate embodied knowledge while processing action-related complex sentence despite demanding more cognitive resources,and longer processing time.展开更多
Plans with loops are more general and compact than classical sequential plans, and gaining increasing atten- tions in artificial intelligence （AI）. While many existing ap- proaches mainly focus on algorithmic issues...Plans with loops are more general and compact than classical sequential plans, and gaining increasing atten- tions in artificial intelligence （AI）. While many existing ap- proaches mainly focus on algorithmic issues, few work has been devoted to the semantic foundations on planning with loops. In this paper, we first develop a tailored action lan- guage , together with two semantics for handling do- mains with non-deterministic actions and loops. Then we propose a sound and （relative） complete Hoare-style proof system for efficient plan generation and verification under O- approximation semantics, which uses the so-called idea off- line planning and on-line querying strategy in knowledge compilation, i.e., the agent could generate and store short proofs as many as possible in the spare time, and then per- form quick query by constructing a long proof from the stored shorter proofs using compositional rule. We argue that both our semantics and proof system could serve as logical foun- dations for reasoning about actions with loops.展开更多
文摘Embodiment theories proposed that the comprehension of language involves sensory-motor simulation in the brain.The present study examined the brain response to motor compatibility effect in comprehending action-related linguistic materials for participants learning Chinese as a second language(L2).In this study,participants are required to read action-related sentences describing an agent performing two manual actions simultaneously or sequentially by manipulating temporal conjunctions.The sentences with simultaneous actions are marked by Chinese parallel structure一边……一边……(“while”)showing non-congruent motor condition while the sequential action sentences are marked by先……然后……(“after”)showing congruent motor condition.Event-Related Potentials(ERPs)were recorded with the second verb phrase.A larger fronto-central late positivity was observed for the sentences with simultaneous actions rather than the sentences with sequential actions due to body constraints,revealing that late L2 Chinese learners integrate embodied knowledge while processing action-related complex sentence despite demanding more cognitive resources,and longer processing time.
文摘Plans with loops are more general and compact than classical sequential plans, and gaining increasing atten- tions in artificial intelligence （AI）. While many existing ap- proaches mainly focus on algorithmic issues, few work has been devoted to the semantic foundations on planning with loops. In this paper, we first develop a tailored action lan- guage , together with two semantics for handling do- mains with non-deterministic actions and loops. Then we propose a sound and （relative） complete Hoare-style proof system for efficient plan generation and verification under O- approximation semantics, which uses the so-called idea off- line planning and on-line querying strategy in knowledge compilation, i.e., the agent could generate and store short proofs as many as possible in the spare time, and then per- form quick query by constructing a long proof from the stored shorter proofs using compositional rule. We argue that both our semantics and proof system could serve as logical foun- dations for reasoning about actions with loops.
