Application of Active Contour Model in Tracking Sequential Nearshore Waves

In the present study, a generalized active contour model of gradient vector flow is combined with the video techniques of Argus system to delineate and track sequential nearshore wave crest profiles in the shoaling process, up to their breaking on the shoreline. Previous applications of active contour models to water wave problems are limited to controllable wave tank experiments. By contrast, our application in this study is in a nearshore field environment where oblique images obtained under natural and varying condition of ambient light are employed. Existing Argus techniques produce plane image data or time series data from a selected small subset of discrete pixels. By contrast, the active contour model produces line image data along continuous visible curves such as wave crest profiles. The combination of these two existing techniques, the active contour model and Argus methodologies, facilitates the estimates of the direction wave field and phase speeds within the whole area covered by camera. These estimates are useful for the purpose of inverse calculation of the water depth. Applications of the present techniques to Hsi-tzu bay where a beach restoration program is currently undertaken are illustrated. This extension of Argus video techniques provides new application of optical remote sensing to study the hydrodynamics and morphology of a nearshore environment.

Extraction of coastline in high-resolution remote sensing images based on the active contour model

While executing tasks such as ocean pollution monitoring,maritime rescue,geographic mapping,and automatic navigation utilizing remote sensing images,the coastline feature should be determined.Traditional methods are not satisfactory to extract coastline in high-resolution panchromatic remote sensing image.Active contour model,also called snakes,have proven useful for interactive specification of image contours,so it is used as an effective coastlines extraction technique.Firstly,coastlines are detected by water segmentation and boundary tracking,which are considered initial contours to be optimized through active contour model.As better energy functions are developed,the power assist of snakes becomes effective.New internal energy has been done to reduce problems caused by convergence to local minima,and new external energy can greatly enlarge the capture region around features of interest.After normalization processing,energies are iterated using greedy algorithm to accelerate convergence rate.The experimental results encompassed examples in images and demonstrated the capabilities and efficiencies of the improvement.

Liver Hydatid CT Image Segmentation Using Smoothed Bayesian Classification Method and Modified Parametric Active Contour Model

Liver hydatid disease is a common parasitic disease in farm and pastoral areas, which seriously influences people's health. Based on CT imaging features of this disease, an iterative approach for liver segmentation and hydatid lesion extraction simultaneously is proposed. In each iteration, our algorithm consists of two main steps: 1) according to the user-defined pixel seeds in the liver and hydatid lesion, Gaussian probability model fitting and smoothed Bayesian classification are applied to get initial segmentation of liver and lesion; 2) the parametric active contour model using priori shape force field is adopted to refine initial segmentation. We make subjective and objective evaluation on the proposed algorithm validity by the experiments of liver and hydatid lesion segmentation on different patients' CT slices. In comparison with ground-truth manual segmentation results, the experimental results show the effectiveness of our method to segment liver and hydatid lesion.

Active contour model based measurement of distance of material serial sections

The measurement of thickness of material removed between serial sections is a crucial step of three-dimensional reconstruction. Active contour model is an efficient method for contour detection of objects on an image. Based on the segmentation of the FeAl/ZrO2 composite image by using adaptive threshold, the gradient vector flow (GVF) snake was used to detect the contour of the indent. The horizontal diagonal length and the vertical diagonal length of the indent contour were acquired by measuring the distance from the uppermost snaxel to the lowermost snaxel and that from the leftmost snaxel to the rightmost snaxel respectively. Then the final diagonal length was gotten by averaging the vertical diagonal length and the horizontal diagonal length. The Vickers indenter was made by a square pyramidal-shaped diamond with opposite faces at an angle of 136°, so the geometrical relation was established between the thickness of material removed between two successive serial sections and the difference of diagonal length on the two serial sections. Based on the relation, the thickness of material removed between two successive serial sections was calculated using the two successive diagonals.

Target Region Location Based on Texture Analysis and Active Contour Model

Traditional texture region location methods with Gabor features are often limited in the selection of Gabor filters and fail to deal with the target which contains both texture and non-texture parts.Thus,to solve this problem,a two-step new model was proposed.In the first step,the original features extracted by Gabor filters are applied to training a self-organizing map(SOM) neural network and a novel merging scheme is presented to achieve the clustering.A back propagation(BP) network is used as a classifier to locate the target region approximately.In the second step,Chan-Vese active contour model is applied to detecting the boundary of the target region accurately and morphological processing is used to create a connected domain whose convex hull can cover the target region.In the experiments,the proposed method is demonstrated accurate and robust in localizing target on texture database and practical barcode location system as well.

一种由内向外的Active Contour模型图像分割算法

针对主动轮廓模型图像分割,提出一种改进算法。该算法首先选取边界内部点为轮廓初始点,再根据能量与面积的关系,将传统算法中初始点向边界点收缩改进为由初始点向边界点膨胀。算法的实现采用原始模型和改进模型相互交替的贪婪算法,保证了模型的稳定性特点。实验结果表明:这种由内向外的分割算法比传统模型分割效果好及适用范围广;避免了传统模型对凹陷区域分割效果不理想及边界外部复杂环境对分割效果的影响。

FEMUR SHAPE RECOVERY FROM VOLUMETRIC IMAGES USING 3-D DEFORMABLE MODELS

A new scheme for femur shape recovery from volumetric images using deformable models was proposed. First, prior 3 D deformable femur models are created as templates using point distribution models technology. Second, active contour models are employed to segment the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric images of the tibial and femoral joints and the deformable models are initialized based on the segmentation results. Finally, the objective function is minimized to give the optimal results constraining the surface of shapes.

基于窄带成像及放大内镜的脂质分割方法

一种主要成分是脂质的白色不透明物质(WOS)会覆盖与癌症诊断有关的微观结构,但WOS的形态特征又与肿瘤分级有密切关系。为了给医生提供更多与脂质相关的可用信息,本文对脂质图像的分割方法进行了研究。首先,介绍了基于Retinex框架的脂质图像增强算法,并介绍了反光去除算法。然后,介绍了基于活动轮廓模型的脂质分割方法,该方法从校正后的色调值中提取局部信息,从强度值中提取全局信息,自适应地获得权重因子,并基于初始轮廓来分割脂质区域。最后,基于自研细胞内镜成像系统,设计了仿体实验来验证了该方法的有效性。实验结果表明,该分割方法的像素准确度、灵敏度、Dice系数均高于90%。该方法能够克服照明不均匀、反光等的影响,很好地反映脂质的形状,为医生提供可用的信息。

活动轮廓模型和Contourlet多分辨率分析分割血管内超声图像

针对传统图像分割方法中初始化和鲁棒性两个问题,研究了基于活动轮廓模型和Contourlet多分辨率分析分割血管内超声斑块图像的新方法。该方法运用Contourlet变换将原图像分解为多分辨率低通分量和多分辨率带通分量方向性子带。对低通分量进行模板匹配,确定血管内腔边界和中-外膜边界的初始轮廓;对带通分量方向性子带进行扩散滤波,抑制噪声的同时尽可能保留有用边缘,并结合边界矢量场使轮廓演化得到最终分割结果,从而提高了分割算法的鲁棒性。对100幅仿真图像和120幅实际图像的分割结果表明,相对于传统活动轮廓模型,该方法分割实际图像的平均距离误差提高了3.04 pixel,面积差异百分比提高了6.30%。表明该方法能自动、精确地提取血管的两条边界。

局域化互信息度量的ACM下医学图像的分割

大量医学图像中存在灰度不均匀现象使传统方法很难获得理想的分割结果,针对此问题,将图像的局部统计特征引入互信息度量的分割模型中,考虑不同组织间的方差差异,提出一种局域化互信息度量的活动轮廓模型(ACM),以提高灰度不均匀情况下目标边界识别的精确度。此外,采用一种无需重新初始化的水平集函数规则化方法,演化稳定,收敛速度快。最后,以医学图像分割实验对算法进行了验证,对比实验表明分割和偏移场矫正结果都更精确。

基于多层显著性模型的SAR图像舰船目标检测

针对合成孔径雷达图像舰船目标检测问题,提出了一种结合选择机制与轮廓信息的多层显著性目标检测方法。首先,利用非下采样剪切波和频谱残差法进行全局显著性区域提取。其次,提出了一种基于动态恒虚警率的活动轮廓显著性模型,逐步滤除候选区域的虚警,提取目标轮廓,从而实现目标的精确检测。所提方法能够由粗到细地快速捕获目标区域,从而实现高效、高分辨率合成孔径雷达图像舰船检测。最后,在真实SAR数据集进行了测试,与其他经典的舰船检测方法相比,所提算法不仅有效地抑制了海杂波的影响,而且在检测精度上有较大提高。

基于FVFACM的JV肺结节分割

对几种活动轮廓模型肺结节分割方法进行了改进,使用图像中每一个像素点的模糊隶属度代替传统模型的灰度信息,构造模糊速度函数,将该函数替代传统轮廓模型中基于梯度信息的停止函数。

填装材料CT图像中脱粘缺陷识别与深度测量

脱粘缺陷是影响填装材料物理安全性能的重要指标,计算机层析成像(CT)是进行脱粘缺陷检测的有效方法。但填装材料脱粘缺陷紧贴外轮廓、面积小,对比度低,分割时易受其他信息干扰,传统活动轮廓模型难以适用。本研究提出了一种基于SoftMax和正则项的Chan-Vese (SRCV)模型用于填装材料脱粘缺陷分割,系统比较了SRCV模型与多种活动轮廓模型对脱粘缺陷分割效果的差异,利用不同图片分割效果揭示了SRCV模型的抗干扰能力和兼顾全局与局部信息的能力,利用分割曲线的欧氏距离实现脱粘深度测量。研究结果表明,SRCV模型对填装材料脱粘缺陷分割更贴近脱粘边缘,分割曲线更光滑,准确度达99.56%,Dice系数为99.82%,脱粘深度误差不超过6%,特别适用于有大量干扰信息的微小脱粘缺陷的分割,较其他活动轮廓模型具有明显的优势。

基于LoG和因子分解的集成ACM的亚实性肺结节分割

针对亚实性肺结节(SSN)边缘模糊、结构复杂、区域亮度不均等问题,传统的活动轮廓模型(ACM)方法难以达到高精度的分割结果。因此,提出一种优化的LoG算子和因子分解结合的集成ACM分割算法。用高斯拉普拉斯算子(LoG)处理肺实质图像,对算子进行优化并构建能量项,以加强边界并增强区域亮度;以像素值作为描述特征构建因子分解能量项,使曲线演变到目标边缘;将LoG能量项和因子分解能量项集成到LGIF模型中对SSN分割。实验结果证实,该算法模型对SSN的分割更有效。

融合U-Net 3+和ACM的医学图像分割模型

活动轮廓模型方法不需要训练集且能较好利用边缘信息,但对初始轮廓较敏感,在处理复杂背景图像时分割不够精确。U-Net 3+网络可以分割更复杂的医学图像,但需要大量的人工标记,且模型的特征提取机制导致其在非典型边界特征的决策时通常是不准确的。因此,针对训练集较小的医学图像,提出了一种融合卷积神经网络和活动轮廓模型的医学图像自动分割模型。模型通过U-Net 3+网络获得目标先验信息,使用先验信息构造拟合能量项,并融合到活动轮廓模型中约束曲线演化。在皮肤镜病变和胸部X光片图像上测试,该模型的分割精度高于单独使用U-Net 3+网络和活动轮廓模型的分割结果。

基于变分水平集的多尺度纹理图像分割方法

为了更有效地对纹理图像进行多尺度分割,我们提出了一种混合模型。该模型使用全变分模型来控制纹理图像的多尺度表示,并且引入局部自相似性以及局部高斯分布拟合函数作为边界提取项,最终得到一个混合的多尺度纹理图像分割模型。实验结果表明,所提模型能够在不同尺度下对纹理图像进行较好地分割,使分割过程更加符合人类视觉的感知机制,并且当图像受到不同程度的高斯噪声污染时,该模型也能够对目标边界进行精确地提取。

边缘检测和Snake Model结合的轮廓识别

基于主动轮廓识别和被动轮廓识别方法各自的优缺点,提出结合主动和被动的方法,先对图像进行被动轮廓的预处理,然后再应用主动轮廓的方法,通过比较选出Canny算子进行预处理,再通过基于概率的方法分割图像,最后再应用Snake模型进行轮廓提取。并取得较好的应用。

Fully Automatic Segmentation of Gynaecological Abnormality Using a New Viola–Jones Model

One of the most complex tasks for computer-aided diagnosis(Intelligent decision support system)is the segmentation of lesions.Thus,this study proposes a new fully automated method for the segmentation of ovarian and breast ultrasound images.The main contributions of this research is the development of a novel Viola–James model capable of segmenting the ultrasound images of breast and ovarian cancer cases.In addition,proposed an approach that can efficiently generate region-of-interest(ROI)and new features that can be used in characterizing lesion boundaries.This study uses two databases in training and testing the proposed segmentation approach.The breast cancer database contains 250 images,while that of the ovarian tumor has 100 images obtained from several hospitals in Iraq.Results of the experiments showed that the proposed approach demonstrates better performance compared with those of other segmentation methods used for segmenting breast and ovarian ultrasound images.The segmentation result of the proposed system compared with the other existing techniques in the breast cancer data set was 78.8%.By contrast,the segmentation result of the proposed system in the ovarian tumor data set was 79.2%.In the classification results,we achieved 95.43%accuracy,92.20%sensitivity,and 97.5%specificity when we used the breast cancer data set.For the ovarian tumor data set,we achieved 94.84%accuracy,96.96%sensitivity,and 90.32%specificity.

A distribution prior model for airplane segmentation without exact template

In many practical applications of image segmentation problems,employing prior information can greatly improve segmentation results.This paper continues to study one kind of prior information,called prior distribution.Within this research,there is no exact template of the object;instead only several samples are given.The proposed method,called the parametric distribution prior model,extends our previous model by adding the training procedure to learn the prior distribution of the objects.Then this paper establishes the energy function of the active contour model(ACM)with consideration of this parametric form of prior distribution.Therefore,during the process of segmenting,the template can update itself while the contour evolves.Experiments are performed on the airplane data set.Experimental results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method that with the information of prior distribution,the segmentation effect and speed can be both improved efficaciously.

Automatic Tracing and Segmentation of Rat Mammary Fat Pads in MRI Image Sequences Based on Cartoon-Texture Model

The growth patterns of mammary fat pads and glandular tissues inside the fat pads may be related with the risk factors of breast cancer.Quantitative measurements of this relationship are available after segmentation of mammary pads and glandular tissues.Rat fat pads may lose continuity along image sequences or adjoin similar intensity areas like epidermis and subcutaneous regions.A new approach for automatic tracing and segmentation of fat pads in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) image sequences is presented,which does not require that the number of pads be constant or the spatial location of pads be adjacent among image slices.First,each image is decomposed into cartoon image and texture image based on cartoon-texture model.They will be used as smooth image and feature image for segmentation and for targeting pad seeds,respectively.Then,two-phase direct energy segmentation based on Chan-Vese active contour model is applied to partitioning the cartoon image into a set of regions,from which the pad boundary is traced iteratively from the pad seed.A tracing algorithm based on scanning order is proposed to accurately trace the pad boundary,which effectively removes the epidermis attached to the pad without any post processing as well as solves the problem of over-segmentation of some small holes inside the pad.The experimental results demonstrate the utility of this approach in accurate delineation of various numbers of mammary pads from several sets of MRI images.