Every day communication is an event in which there is an interactional relationship between interlocutors. This interaction needs whole language in which language skills of speaking, listening, reading and writing; as...Every day communication is an event in which there is an interactional relationship between interlocutors. This interaction needs whole language in which language skills of speaking, listening, reading and writing; associated knowledge of vocabulary, meaning, syntax, etc.; and also, thinking skills are interwoven. This means that language should be kept whole and ＂if language isn＇t kept whole, it isn＇t language anymore＂ （Rigg, 1991, p. 522, cited in Richards ＆ Rodgers, 2001, p. 109）. In English as a Second Language/English Foreign Language （ESL/EFL） learning settings, improvement in one skill can affect the development of other skills. A particular course may highlight certain skills, but if the teacher is creative or specific tasks and problems are used in language learning settings, learners are provided with the opportunity to improve multiple, integrated skills. This paper aims at elaborating on critical thinking approach to language learning and introducing practical ideas for helping teachers to integrate language and thinking skills. It introduces 3 critical thinking activities （Dialogue journals, reading logs and literacy portfolios）, and also discusses how implementing them can serves as a way to integrate language skills. It also maintains that engaging learners in these activities helps them use authentic materials and solve problems of their own interest that in turn has a positive effect on student＇s motivation.展开更多
Ship-handling significantly improves when anchoring exercises are practiced on training ships were proved by Kashima H.et al.Kunieda Y.et al.proved that practicing on training ships also develops critical thinking and...Ship-handling significantly improves when anchoring exercises are practiced on training ships were proved by Kashima H.et al.Kunieda Y.et al.proved that practicing on training ships also develops critical thinking and problem-solving skills.In order to perform more effective maritime education and training,we analyzed the feature of the training effect of the anchoring training considered to be effective training.As a result of the questionnaire about the anchoring training,95%or more of trainees have answered“the anchoring training was helpful”.The trainees’comments about the anchoring training were analyzed,affinity diagram as well as the Steps for Coding and Theorization(SCAT).The affinity diagram was able to group and integrate comments written by the trainees into five distinct labels.The theorization attempted via the SCAT analysis demonstrated the influential features of the anchoring training.This investigation aimed to ameliorate the training model proposed by the authors of the current study,intending to ensure safety through automation to eliminate human error.The conception of more efficacious manpower education and training programs is critical because the advancement of automation also escalates the need for talented human resources to manage seafaring vessels.展开更多
文摘Every day communication is an event in which there is an interactional relationship between interlocutors. This interaction needs whole language in which language skills of speaking, listening, reading and writing; associated knowledge of vocabulary, meaning, syntax, etc.; and also, thinking skills are interwoven. This means that language should be kept whole and ＂if language isn＇t kept whole, it isn＇t language anymore＂ （Rigg, 1991, p. 522, cited in Richards ＆ Rodgers, 2001, p. 109）. In English as a Second Language/English Foreign Language （ESL/EFL） learning settings, improvement in one skill can affect the development of other skills. A particular course may highlight certain skills, but if the teacher is creative or specific tasks and problems are used in language learning settings, learners are provided with the opportunity to improve multiple, integrated skills. This paper aims at elaborating on critical thinking approach to language learning and introducing practical ideas for helping teachers to integrate language and thinking skills. It introduces 3 critical thinking activities （Dialogue journals, reading logs and literacy portfolios）, and also discusses how implementing them can serves as a way to integrate language skills. It also maintains that engaging learners in these activities helps them use authentic materials and solve problems of their own interest that in turn has a positive effect on student＇s motivation.
文摘Ship-handling significantly improves when anchoring exercises are practiced on training ships were proved by Kashima H.et al.Kunieda Y.et al.proved that practicing on training ships also develops critical thinking and problem-solving skills.In order to perform more effective maritime education and training,we analyzed the feature of the training effect of the anchoring training considered to be effective training.As a result of the questionnaire about the anchoring training,95%or more of trainees have answered“the anchoring training was helpful”.The trainees’comments about the anchoring training were analyzed,affinity diagram as well as the Steps for Coding and Theorization(SCAT).The affinity diagram was able to group and integrate comments written by the trainees into five distinct labels.The theorization attempted via the SCAT analysis demonstrated the influential features of the anchoring training.This investigation aimed to ameliorate the training model proposed by the authors of the current study,intending to ensure safety through automation to eliminate human error.The conception of more efficacious manpower education and training programs is critical because the advancement of automation also escalates the need for talented human resources to manage seafaring vessels.
