Among the avian species, understanding the roles of activin happen to be a dominant challenge in genetic evolution due to its complexity in nature. A case study of the activin gene in avian species was carried out usi...Among the avian species, understanding the roles of activin happen to be a dominant challenge in genetic evolution due to its complexity in nature. A case study of the activin gene in avian species was carried out using bioinformatics. As a sedentary bird, guinea fowl is more susceptible to local selection processes and needs a proper genetic study for conservation. The present study provides the basis for the use of activin or its target genes for the improvement of impaired wound healing, and activin antagonists for the prevention and treatment of fibrosis and the end of malignant tumors that over-express activin. The information provided will serve as a basic tool for broader genetic diversity studies to identify valuable poultry genetic resources and major genes for the development of breeding programs. This study was done by retrieving hundred (100) nucleotides and amino acid sequences of the activin gene belonging to guinea fowl and other avians from the GeneBank, aligning the sequences using BlastP determined the percent identity and phylogenetic relationship of the activin gene of guinea fowl and other avians. The shortest activin nucleotide sequence (467 bp) was observed in chicken and the longest (39896445 bp) in duck. Using the comparative sequence analysis, it was observed that the activin gene of chickens, turkeys and guinea fowl shared percent identity ranging from 91% to 95%. The percent identity reflects the degree of relatedness of species. Although closely related (90%) in ancestral line, the activin gene of guinea fowl and quail cannot be compared with guinea fowl-turkey (95%) nor guinea fowl-chicken (90%), in both biological functions and evolutionary relationship. Finally, the percent identity and similarity in function of the activin gene of guinea fowl, turkey, and chicken were in the range of 93% - 100%, indicating that the activin gene of avians possesses similar functions, well conserved and is very effective in performing functions like increasing FSH bindings, FSH-induced aromatization, improves wound healing and enhances scar formation, regulates morphogenesis of branching organs, and enhances ovarian folliculogenesis. The study, therefore, recommends farmers select and breed for activin genes in order to promote reproductive efficiency, thereby barricading species extinction.展开更多
Regulation of the number of aetivin receptors that are present in the cell membrane plays a key role in the modulation of cellular responses to activin. In order to find the regulators, a novel protein ARIPzip, intera...Regulation of the number of aetivin receptors that are present in the cell membrane plays a key role in the modulation of cellular responses to activin. In order to find the regulators, a novel protein ARIPzip, interacting with activin type II receptors, was searched and identified by using yeast two-hybrid screening. ARIPzip is a splicing variant of ARIP2. This has been discussed previously. ARIPzip can specifically interact with ActR Ⅱ A, and is widely distributed in mouse tissues. Overexpression of ARIPzip can cause the activin-induced transcriptional activities to increase in a dose-dependent manner while the overexpression of ARIV2 can decrease these activities. These data suggest that the C-terminal rezions of ARIP2 and ARIPzip are involved in the regulation of activin signaling.展开更多
In this study, PC12 cells were induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells using nerve growth factor, and were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Cells were treated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 ng/mL exogenou...In this study, PC12 cells were induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells using nerve growth factor, and were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Cells were treated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 ng/mL exogenous Activin A. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and Hoechst 33324 staining showed that the survival percentage of PC12 cells significantly decreased and the rate of apoptosis significantly increased after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Exogenous Activin A significantly increased the survival percentage of PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Reverse transcription-PCR results revealed a significant increase in Activin receptor IIA, Smad3 and Smad4 mRNA levels, which are key sites in the Activin A/Smads signaling pathway, in neuron-like cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, while mRNA expression of the apoptosis-regulation gene caspase-3 decreased. Our experimental findings indicate that exogenous Activin A plays an anti-apoptotic role and protects neurons by means of activating the Activin A/Smads signaling pathway.展开更多
文摘Among the avian species, understanding the roles of activin happen to be a dominant challenge in genetic evolution due to its complexity in nature. A case study of the activin gene in avian species was carried out using bioinformatics. As a sedentary bird, guinea fowl is more susceptible to local selection processes and needs a proper genetic study for conservation. The present study provides the basis for the use of activin or its target genes for the improvement of impaired wound healing, and activin antagonists for the prevention and treatment of fibrosis and the end of malignant tumors that over-express activin. The information provided will serve as a basic tool for broader genetic diversity studies to identify valuable poultry genetic resources and major genes for the development of breeding programs. This study was done by retrieving hundred (100) nucleotides and amino acid sequences of the activin gene belonging to guinea fowl and other avians from the GeneBank, aligning the sequences using BlastP determined the percent identity and phylogenetic relationship of the activin gene of guinea fowl and other avians. The shortest activin nucleotide sequence (467 bp) was observed in chicken and the longest (39896445 bp) in duck. Using the comparative sequence analysis, it was observed that the activin gene of chickens, turkeys and guinea fowl shared percent identity ranging from 91% to 95%. The percent identity reflects the degree of relatedness of species. Although closely related (90%) in ancestral line, the activin gene of guinea fowl and quail cannot be compared with guinea fowl-turkey (95%) nor guinea fowl-chicken (90%), in both biological functions and evolutionary relationship. Finally, the percent identity and similarity in function of the activin gene of guinea fowl, turkey, and chicken were in the range of 93% - 100%, indicating that the activin gene of avians possesses similar functions, well conserved and is very effective in performing functions like increasing FSH bindings, FSH-induced aromatization, improves wound healing and enhances scar formation, regulates morphogenesis of branching organs, and enhances ovarian folliculogenesis. The study, therefore, recommends farmers select and breed for activin genes in order to promote reproductive efficiency, thereby barricading species extinction.
文摘Regulation of the number of aetivin receptors that are present in the cell membrane plays a key role in the modulation of cellular responses to activin. In order to find the regulators, a novel protein ARIPzip, interacting with activin type II receptors, was searched and identified by using yeast two-hybrid screening. ARIPzip is a splicing variant of ARIP2. This has been discussed previously. ARIPzip can specifically interact with ActR Ⅱ A, and is widely distributed in mouse tissues. Overexpression of ARIPzip can cause the activin-induced transcriptional activities to increase in a dose-dependent manner while the overexpression of ARIV2 can decrease these activities. These data suggest that the C-terminal rezions of ARIP2 and ARIPzip are involved in the regulation of activin signaling.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province, China, No. 201015181Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Projects, No.20120723
文摘In this study, PC12 cells were induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells using nerve growth factor, and were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Cells were treated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 ng/mL exogenous Activin A. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and Hoechst 33324 staining showed that the survival percentage of PC12 cells significantly decreased and the rate of apoptosis significantly increased after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Exogenous Activin A significantly increased the survival percentage of PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Reverse transcription-PCR results revealed a significant increase in Activin receptor IIA, Smad3 and Smad4 mRNA levels, which are key sites in the Activin A/Smads signaling pathway, in neuron-like cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, while mRNA expression of the apoptosis-regulation gene caspase-3 decreased. Our experimental findings indicate that exogenous Activin A plays an anti-apoptotic role and protects neurons by means of activating the Activin A/Smads signaling pathway.