Pediatric acute heart failure caused by endocardial fibroelastosis mimicking dilated cardiomyopathy:A case report

BACKGROUND Endocardial fibroelastosis(EFE)is a diffuse endocardial collagen and elastin hyperplasia disease of unknown etiology,which may be accompanied by myocardial degenerative changes leading to acute or chronic heart failure.However,acute heart failure(AHF)without obvious associated triggers is rare.Prior to the report of endomyocardial biopsy,the diagnosis and treatment of EFE are highly susceptible to being confounded with other primary cardiomyopathies.Here,we report a case of pediatric AHF caused by EFE mimicking dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM),with the aim of providing a valuable reference for clinicians to early identify and diagnose EFE-induced AHF.CASE SUMMARY A 13-mo-old female child was admitted to hospital with retching.Chest X-ray demonstrated enhanced texture in both lungs and an enlarged heart shadow.Color doppler echocardiography showed an enlarged left heart with ventricular wall hypokinesis and decreased left heart function.Abdominal color ultrasonography revealed a markedly enlarged liver.Pending the result of the endomyocardial biopsy report,the child was treated with a variety of resuscitative measures including nasal cannula for oxygen,intramuscular sedation with chlorpromazine and promethazine,cedilanid for cardiac contractility enhancement,and diuretic treatment with furosemide.Subsequently,the child’s endomyocardial biopsy report result was confirmed as EFE.After the above early interventions,the child’s condition gradually stabilized and improved.One week later,the child was discharged.During a 9-mo follow-up period,the child took intermittent low-dose oral digoxin with no signs of recurrence or exacerbation of the heart failure.CONCLUSION Our report suggests that EFE-induced pediatric AHF may present in children over 1 year of age without any apparent precipitants,and that the associated clinical presentations are grossly similar to that of pediatric DCM.Nonetheless,it is still possible to be diagnosed effectively on the basis of the comprehensive analysis of auxiliary inspection findings before the result of the endomyocardial biopsy is reported.

Sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitors effects on myocardial function in patients with type 2 diabetes and asymptomatic heart failure

BACKGROUND Sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitors(SGLT2i)have shown efficacy in reducing heart failure(HF)burden in a very heterogeneous groups of patients,raising doubts about some contemporary assumptions of their mechanism of action.We previously published a prospective observational study that evaluated mechanisms of action of SGLT2i in patients with type 2 diabetes who were in HF stages A and B on dual hypoglycemic therapy.Two groups of patients were included in the study:the ones receiving SGLT2i as an add-on agent to metformin and the others on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as an add-on to metformin due to suboptimal glycemic control.AIM To evaluate the outcomes regarding natriuretic peptide,oxidative stress,inflammation,blood pressure,heart rate,cardiac function,and body weight.METHODS The study outcomes were examined by dividing each treatment arm into two subgroups according to baseline parameters of global longitudinal strain(GLS),N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,myeloperoxidase(MPO),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP),and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.To evaluate the possible predictors of observed changes in the SGLT2i arm during follow-up,a rise in stroke volume index,body mass index(BMI)decrease,and lack of heart rate increase,linear regression analysis was performed.RESULTS There was a greater reduction of MPO,hsCRP,GLS,and blood pressure in the groups with higher baseline values of mentioned parameters irrespective of the therapeutic arm after 6 months of follow-up.Significant independent predictors of heart rate decrease were a reduction in early mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity at the interventricular septal annulus ratio and BMI,while the predictor of stroke volume index increase was SGLT2i therapy itself.CONCLUSION SGLT2i affect body composition,reduce cardiac load,improve diastolic/systolic function,and attenuate the sympathetic response.Glycemic control contributes to the improvement of heart function,blood pressure control,oxidative stress,and reduction in inflammation.

Prognostic impact of atrial fibrillation on clinical outcomes of acute coronary syndromes,heart failure and chronic kidney disease

Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the most common type of sustained arrhythmia,which is now on course to reach epidemic proportions in the elderly population. AF is a commonly encountered comorbidity in patients with cardiac and major non-cardiac diseases. Morbidity and mortality associated with AF makes it a major healthcare burden. The objective of our article is to determine the prognostic impact of AF on acute coronary syndromes,heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Multiple studies have been conducted to determine if AF has an independent role in the overall mortality of such patients. Our review suggests that AF has an independent adverse prognostic impact on the clinical outcomes of acute coronary syndromes,heart failure and chronic kidney disease.

Effect of ivabradine in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with heart failure

Objective: To observe the effectiveness and safety of ivabradine in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and heart failure. Methods:Patients who were admitted to hospital with AECOPD during the period from August 2017 to July 2018. Then those both had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF) and a resting heart rate>70 beats/min were enrolled. A total of 86 cases were screened and completed, which were randomly divided into two groups for treatment. The control group(41 cases) received standard treatments, such as oxygen, anti-infection, anti-spasmodic, hormone, diuretic, ACEI/ARB, recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP), etc. The bisoprolol was given 2.5~5 mg orally once a day to control heart rate, and the test group(45 cases) was further treated with ivabradine 2.5~5 mg orally twice a day on the basis of the control group. The average heart rate, cardiac function, lung function, and 6-minute walking test were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the average heart rate of the test group was lower than the control group, and the heart rate control rate(<70 beats/min%) of the test group was superior to the control group. The level of N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) in test group was significantly lower than that in control group. The distance of the 6-minute walking test in e test group was significantly longer than that in control group. Conclusion: Ivabradine combined with bisoprolol could help patients with AECOPD and heart failure to further reduce the heart rates, improve heart function and exercise tolerance. Moreover, the therapeutic safety was acceptable during the short term.

A Pregnant Patient with Aortic Regurgitation and Symptoms of Acute Heart Failure Caused by Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report

Introduction: Knowledge of the risks of pregnancy with heart disease is important because the maternal mortality is much higher than the average. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is rare but it is one of major causes of maternal death. We experienced a pregnant patient with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) presented symptoms of acute heart failure. Her heart failure was not better after an emergency cesarean section and aortic valve replacement (AVR) therefore we think that PPCM caused her heart failure. Case presentation: A 35-year-old woman diagnosed as having severe AR became pregnant. No changes in the AR were apparent during pregnancy. However, the patient developed symptoms of acute heart failure at 37 weeks of gestation, and an emergency cesarean section was performed under general anesthesia. Her hemodynamic status worsened after the cesarean section, and AVR was performed. She was supported with percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) after the operation. As recovery seemed to take longer than usual, we decided to implant a ventricular assist device (VAD). Her condition improved after VAD placement, but then she died from a cerebral infarction. In this case, the heart failure was an acute-onset even though AR was stable before and after the pregnancy, and the heart failure did not improve after AVR. Therefore, we concluded that PPCM, rather than AR caused her heart failure. Conclusions: We encountered a case of a pregnant patient with severe AR who presented with symptoms of acute heart failure caused by PPCM. The effect of AR to her heart failure could not be easily denied. This delayed the diagnosis of PPCM, which in turn delayed our decision to use a VAD. Therefore, PPCM should be considered when pregnant patients with heart disease present symptoms of heart failure.

Differences in the predictive value of red cell distribution width for the mortality of patients with heart failure due to various heart diseases

Background Increased red blood cell distribution width （RDW） is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure （HF）. The objective of this study was to compare the differences in the predictive value of RDW in patients with HF due to different causes. Methods We retrospectively investigated 1,021 HF patients from October 2009 to December 2011 at Fuwai Hospital （Beijing, China）. HF in these patients was caused by three diseases; coronary heart disease （CHD）, dilated cardiomyopathy （DCM） and valvular heart disease （VHD）. Patients were followed-up for 21 ~ 9 months. Results The RDW, mortality and survival duration were significantly different among the three groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative survival decreased significantly with increased RDW in patients with HF caused by CHD and DCM, but not in those with HF patients caused by VHD. In a multivariable model, RDW was identified as an independent predictor for the mortality of HF patients with CHD （P 〈 0.001, HR 1.315, 95% CI 1.122-1.543）. The group with higher N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and higher RDW than median had the lowest cumulative survival in patients with HF due to CHD, but not in patients with HF due to DCM. Conclusions RDW is a prognostic indicator for patients with HF caused by CHD and DCM; thus, RDW adds important information to NT-proBNP in CHD caused HF patients.

Update on evidence-based clinical application of sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors:Insight to uncommon cardiovascular disease scenarios in diabetes

In this paper,we concentrate on updating the clinical research on sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors(SGLTis)for patients with type 2 diabetes who have heart failure with a preserved injection fraction,acute heart failure,atrial fibrillation,primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease/cardiovascular disease,and acute myocardial infarction.We searched the data of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses of SGLTis in patients with diabetes from PubMed between January 1,2020 and April 6,2024 for our review.According to our review,certain SGLTis(empagliflozin,dapagliflozin,canagliflozin,and tofogliflozin),but not sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 inhibitor(SGLT1i),exhibit relatively superior clinical safety and effectiveness for treating the abovementioned diseases.Proper utilization of SGLTis in these patients can foster clinical improvement and offer an alternative medication option.However,clinical trials involving SGLTis for certain diseases have relatively small sample sizes,brief intervention durations,and conclusions based on weak evidence,necessitating additional data.These findings are significant and valuable for providing a more comprehensive reference and new possibilities for the clinical utilization and scientific exploration of SGLTis.

Correlation analysis between lung ultrasound scores and pulmonary arterial systolic pressure in patients with acute heart failure admitted to the emergency intensive care unit

Background:No convenient,inexpensive,and non-invasive screening tools exist to identify pulmonary hypertension(PH)-left heart disease(LHD)patients during the early stages of the disease course.This study investigated whether different methods of lung ultrasound(LUS)could be used for the initial investigation of PH-LHD.Methods:This was a single-center prospective observational study which was performed in the Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital.We consecutively enrolled patients with heart failure(HF)admitted to the emergency intensive care unit from January 2018 to May 2020.Transthoracic echocardiography and LUS were performed within 24 h before discharge.We used the Spearman coefficient for correlation analysis between ultrasound scores and pulmonary arterial systolic pressure(PASP).Bland-Altman plots were generated to inspect possible bias,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were calculated to assess the relationship between ultrasound scores and an intermediate and high echocardiographic probability of PH-LHD.Results:Seventy-one patients were enrolled in this study,with an overall median age of 79(interquartile range:71.5–84.0)years.Among the 71 patients,36(50.7%)cases were male,and 26(36.6%)had an intermediate and high echocardiographic probability of PH.All four LUS scores in patients with an intermediate and high probability of PH were significantly higher than in patients with a low probability of PH(P<0.05).The correlation coefficient(r)between different LUS scoring methods and PASP was moderate for the 6-zone(r=0.455,P<0.001),8-zone(r=0.385,P=0.001),12-zone(r=0.587,P<0.001),and 28-zone(r=0.535,P<0.001)methods.In Bland-Altman plots,each of the four LUS scoring methods had a good agreement with PASP(P<0.001).The 8-zone and 12-zone methods showed moderately accurate discriminative values in differentiating patients with an intermediate and high echocardiographic probability of PH(P<0.05).

Percutaneous approach to treatment of coronary disease in a patient with uremic cardiomyopathy

Uremic cardiomyopathy is chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction characterized by heart failure, myocardial ischemia, hypotension in dialysis and arrhythmia. This nosologic entity represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with endstage renal disease receiving long-term hemodialysis. It is intuitive that revascularization in the presence of coronary artery disease in these patients represents an effective option for improving their prognosis. Although the surgical option seems to be followed by the best clinical outcome, some patients refuse this option and others are not good candidates for surgery. The present report describes the case of a patient affected by uremic cardiomyopathy and severe coronary artery disease in whom revascularization with percutaneous coronary angioplasty was followed by a significant improvement in quality of life.

Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Ischemic Heart Disease

Ischemic heart disease is a growing cause of heart failure owing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes,hypertension,and obesity.It is important to understand the concepts of myocardial stunning and hibernation so we as physicians can order appropriate testing on patients with ischemic heart disease,such as myocardial viability studies.Ventricular remodeling is associated with an elevated risk of death after myocardial infarction.The extent of myocardial viability determines the clinical outcome of patients after myocardial infarction.Multiple impactful clinical trials have changed the way we manage ischemic cardiomyopathy over the past few decades,and medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensin II receptor blockers,beta-blockers,and aldosterone antagonists have improved outcomes in this patient population.Similarly,much has been reported on the effect of coronary artery bypass surgery on outcomes in patients with ischemic heart disease and heart failure,but further research studies are needed on the role of percutaneous coronary intervention.

中药黄芪的药理作用分析及临床应用效果

目的分析中药黄芪的药理作用及其临床应用效果。方法选取2022年10月—2023年10月青岛大学附属泰安市中心医院采用黄芪治疗的88例患者作为观察组,另选择同期应用西医治疗的88例作为对照组,观察运用中药黄芪后患者的临床疗效。结果观察组(95.45%)急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭总有效率高于对照组(72.73%)(P<0.05)。观察组(90.91%)扩张型心肌病伴心力衰竭总有效率高于对照组(68.18%)(P<0.05)。观察组糖尿病周围神经病变总有效率(100%)高于对照组(77.27%)(P<0.05)。观察组脑血栓总有效率(95.45%)高于对照组(68.18%)(P<0.05)。结论中药黄芪在治疗糖尿病周围神经病变、急性心肌梗死伴心衰、脑血栓后遗症以及扩张型心肌病合并心力衰竭患者中疗效较理想,为临床治疗提供有力依据,同时也为中药在心血管和神经系统疾病治疗中的应用提供新思路。但仍需要进一步的研究来验证其机制和安全性。

治疗前血清尿酸对高血压性急性心力衰竭患者预后的预测价值

目的 探讨高血压性急性心力衰竭患者治疗前的血清尿酸(SUA)水平与治疗后疾病严重程度及5年病死率的相关性。方法 选取了河北省沧州市黄骅市人民医院2019年9月—2022年9月收治的122例高血压性急性心力衰竭患者,根据入院时的SUA水平将其分为高尿酸血症组(男性SUA≥420μmol/L,女性SUA≥360μmol/L)和正常尿酸组,比较两组患者的基线特征、临床表现和5年随访结果。采用多变量Cox回归模型评估SUA水平对5年病死率的影响,并使用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线进行生存分析。比较两组左心室功能和心血管不良事件(MACE)。结果 高尿酸血症组患者的BMI、白细胞、白蛋白、肌酐、尿素氮、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇SUA水平显著高于正常尿酸组,血小板和肾小球滤过率显著低于正常尿酸组(P<0.05)。在冠状动脉狭窄情况,高尿酸血症组涉及的血管支数和Gensini积分均显著高于正常尿酸组(P<0.05),且血清尿酸水平与Gensini积分呈强正相关(r=0.778,P<0.05)。随访结果显示,高尿酸血症组的5年病死率显著升高,且尿酸是5年病死率的独立危险因素(HR=1.017,95%CI=1.011~1.024,P<0.001)。出院前的心脏超声检查结果显示,两组间的LVESV和LVEDV比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但LVEF组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外,尽管高尿酸血症组的MACE发生率偏高,但两组间差异并无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在高血压性急性心力衰竭患者群体中,治疗前SUA水平与疾病严重程度以及5年病死率增加相关。治疗前高水平SUA可预测高血压性急性心力衰竭患者的不良结局。

误诊为多种心外系统疾病的老年冠心病心力衰竭临床分析

目的探讨老年人冠心病心力衰竭多系统表现和早期误诊原因。方法分析2021年1月—2023年6月老年冠心病心力衰竭误诊8例临床资料。结果8例中2例咳嗽、咳痰,胸闷气促,两肺底湿啰音,肺纹理增粗紊乱,心电图示ST-T段压低,有慢性支气管炎病史,误诊“慢性支气管炎急性发作”;3例中2例恶心、呕吐,剑突下轻压痛,1例腹痛、腹泻、脐周轻度压痛,心电图示ST-T段压低3例、室性早搏2例,有慢性胃炎病史,误诊“急性胃肠炎”;1例腹胀、食欲不振、乏力,双下肢轻度水肿,丙氨酸转氨酶轻度升高,误诊为“慢性肝炎”;2例头晕、失眠、烦躁不安,心电图示窦性心动过速,有高血压、高脂血症史,误诊“脑动脉硬化症”。经详细询问病史、相关治疗史及认真查体,会诊后完善相关检查,确诊冠心病心力衰竭。误诊时间2~5 d。后予抗心力衰竭治疗,预后良好。随访半年,病情稳定。结论当老年患者以心外系统症状为首诊症状就诊时,应详细询问心脏病史,充分了解伴随症状,认真查体,避免遗漏相关阳性体征,及时行超声心动图、心电图等辅助检查,可有效避免误诊。

恩格列净在心血管疾病中的研究进展

恩格列净是一种通过抑制肾脏近端小管上的钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白-2 (sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2,SGLT2)来发挥降糖作用的新型降糖药物。恩格列净还可以降低心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)终点事件的发生率,尤其是可以降低糖尿病合并射血分数降低的心力衰竭患者的住院率和死亡率。目前,恩格列净作为一种治疗CVD的药物,在临床上受到越来越多的关注,但恩格列净在CVD中发挥作用的机制尚未明晰。本篇综述主要围绕恩格列净与心力衰竭、急性心肌梗死、高血压和心律失常等疾病的相关研究进展进行综述。

沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗AMI后射血分数中间值心力衰竭的疗效研究

目的探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)后射血分数中间值心力衰竭(HFmrEF)患者的疗效及安全性。方法将102例AMI后HFmrEF患者依治疗方案的不同分为对照组和试验组,各51例。对照组给予AMI常规治疗及抗心力衰竭(HF)治疗,在无禁忌证前提下使用血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB);试验组在对照组治疗的基础上将ACEI/ARB替换为沙库巴曲缬沙坦。治疗6个月,统计2组患者治疗后总有效率,比较治疗前后心功能、N末端B型脑钠钛前体(NT-proBNP)及血清C反应蛋白(CRP),记录治疗后不良反应发生情况,Kaplan-Meier法分析2组患者治疗6个月累积心血管死亡率、HF再住院率及无终点事件生存率。结果治疗6个月,2组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,2组患者治疗后左心室射血分数(LVEF)、每搏输出量(SV)、二尖瓣环E峰与A峰比值(E/A)及6 min步行距离(6MWD)均增加,左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)及左房内径(LAD)均降低(均P<0.05);治疗后,试验组LVEF、SV、E/A及6MWD高于对照组,LVEDD及LAD低于对照组(均P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,2组患者治疗后NT-proBNP和CRP均降低(P<0.05);治疗后,试验组NT-proBNP及CRP低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组累积心血管死亡率与对照组差异无统计学意义(3.9%vs.5.9%,P=0.524),试验组累积HF再住院率低于对照组(9.8%vs.23.5%,P=0.042),累积无终点事件生存率高于对照组(86.3%vs.70.6%,P=0.037)。结论沙库巴曲缬沙坦相较于ACEI/ARB治疗AMI后HFmrEF患者更安全有效,值得临床推广。

RDW、HCT、NLR水平与急性心力衰竭患者病情严重程度的相关性

目的:分析红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)、血细胞比容(HCT)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)水平与急性心力衰竭患者病情严重程度的相关性。方法:选取2021年8月至2023年3月该院收治的128例急性心力衰竭患者为研究组,另选取同期本院128名健康体检者为对照组。比较两组、不同美国纽约心脏病协会心功能分级患者RDW、HCT、NLR水平,采用Spearman相关性分析RDW、HCT、NLR水平与急性心力衰竭患者病情严重程度的相关性。结果:研究组RDW、NLR水平均高于对照组,HCT水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);心功能分级Ⅳ级患者RDW、NLR水平均高于Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级患者,且Ⅲ级患者高于Ⅱ级患者,心功能分级Ⅳ级患者HCT水平均低于Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级患者,且Ⅲ级患者低于Ⅱ级患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Spearman相关性分析结果显示,RDW、NLR水平与急性心力衰竭患者病情严重程度均呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05),HCT水平与急性心力衰竭患者病情严重程度呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05)。结论:RDW、NLR水平与急性心力衰竭患者病情严重程度均呈正相关,HCT水平与急性心力衰竭患者病情严重程度呈负相关。

心肾综合征的诊治最新进展

心肾综合征(CRS)是指心脏和肾脏同时出现急性或慢性功能障碍,导致一系列连锁反应,并对心脏和肾脏造成互损,具有较高的发病率和死亡率。当前临床上CRS主要包括5种类型,不同的CRS致病机制不同,且表型之间存在很大差异。尽管近年来心力衰竭(HF)和慢性肾脏病(CKD)的基础研究和综合管理手段取得了较大进展,但在CRS中具有里程碑意义的代表性随机对照研究不足,而且这些患者的治疗主要是从相应的HF或CKD试验中推断出来的,因此,目前仍无非常有效的针对CRS的治疗措施。随着医疗卫生技术和人口老龄化的进展,CRS越来越受到人们的重视,根据最新研究结果对CRS患者进行最佳评估管理愈显重要。本文复习总结当前国内外最新研究成果,就CRS的诊断、发病机制、临床治疗等最新进展进行综述。

维立西呱对急性失代偿心衰的疗效及对不同LVDd患者LVEF的影响

目的 观察维立西呱治疗急性失代偿心衰(HF)的临床疗效及其对不同左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)患者左室射血分数(LVEF)的影响。方法 选取2022年9月至2023年5月在安庆市立医院住院的经静脉注射利尿剂或扩血管药物治疗病情稳定后予以维立西呱口服的急性失代偿HF患者,共52例。收集患者临床基线数据,记录并分析其治疗后1、6个月的血肌酐(Scr)、估算肾小球滤过率(e GFR)、N末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、超声心动图指标(LVEF、LVDd)、堪萨斯城心肌病调查问卷(KCCQ)评分等。按是否为扩张型心肌病分为2个亚组,比较两亚组的基线数据;采用混合效应模型分析全人群和两亚组患者上述随访指标的变化情况。结果 扩张型心肌病组患者的年龄显著小于非扩张型心肌病组,同时前者合并冠心病的患者比例更低、LVDd更长、LVEF水平更低、射血分数降低的HF患者更多(P<0.05)。与基线值相比,治疗后1个月时,全人群、非扩张性心肌病组和扩张型心肌病组患者的KCCQ评分均显著升高(P<0.001);治疗后6个月时,全人群在KCCQ评分提升和lg(NT-pro BNP)水平下降方面的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两亚组患者的lg(NT-proBNP)水平均显著下降,KCCQ评分均显著升高(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两亚组患者的LVEF水平均显著提升(P<0.05),且组间差异幅度达7.52%(P=0.030)。混合效应模型结果显示,患者是否患有冠心病以及不同基线LVDd水平均有可能影响随访LVEF水平,其中冠心病对随访LVEF的提升有促进作用(P=0.043),但是冠心病分组×时间的交互作用不显著(P>0.05);与基线LVDd≥62 mm相比,基线LVDd≤61 mm患者的LVEF提升速度更快(P<0.05)。结论 维立西呱能够改善急性失代偿HF患者的心功能,提高其生活质量,且不会对患者肾功能产生负面影响。该药对基线LVDd≤61 mm的患者,尤其能够显著提升其LVEF水平。

冠心病合并急性心力衰竭患者心率变异的表达与心功能及预后的相关性

目的探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)合并急性心力衰竭患者心率变异的表达与心功能及预后的相关性。方法选择2020年1月至2022年1月于牡丹江心血管病医院收治的冠心病合并急性心力衰竭患者63例进行研究,作为病例组;另选取同期我院未合并冠心病的急性心力衰竭患者50例,作为急性心力衰竭组;并选取同期我院健康体检者50例作为对照组。根据未发生心脏不良事件为预后良好组(45例),发生心脏不良事件为预后不良组(18例);分析三组患者心率变异水平变化情况,并分析其与心功能及预后的关系。结果病例组患者R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、相邻正常心动周期差值的均方根(rMSSD)、低频分量(LF)及高频分量(HF)水平显著低于急性心力衰竭组和对照组,LF/HF显著高于急性心力衰竭组和对照组,急性心力衰竭组患者SDNN、rMSSD、LF及HF水平显著低于对照组,LF/HF显著高于对照组患者(P<0.05)。NYHA心功能Ⅱ级患者SDNN、rMSSD、LF及HF水平显著高于心功能Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级患者,LF/HF显著低于心功能Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级患者,心功能Ⅲ级患者SDNN、rMSSD、LF及HF水平显著高于心功能Ⅳ级患者,LF/HF显著低于心功能Ⅳ级患者(P<0.05)。预后良好组SDNN、rMSSD、LF及HF水平显著高于预后不良组,LF/HF显著低于预后不良组(P<0.05);Spearman相关系数分析显示,SDNN、rMSSD、LF及HF与冠心病合并急性心力衰竭患者的心功能及预后之间呈负相关,LF/HF与冠心病合并急性心力衰竭患者心功能及预后之间呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论冠心病合并急性心力衰竭心率变异水平表达异常,且与心功能及预后之间关系密切,有望为冠心病合并急性心力衰竭的预防和治疗开辟新思路。

米力农联合无创呼吸机对老年肺心病伴急性心力衰竭患者血气、心肌受损和近期不良事件的影响

目的 探究米力农联合无创呼吸机对老年肺心病(PHD)伴急性心力衰竭(AHF)患者血气、心肌受损和近期不良事件的影响。方法 选择2021年7月~2023年7月当涂县人民医院急诊科收治的60例老年PHD伴AHF患者,按照随机数表法分为呼吸机组和联合组,各30例。呼吸机组在常规治疗基础上予以无创呼吸机治疗,联合组在呼吸机组基础上给予米力农治疗,治疗时间为7 d,比较两组治疗前后血气、心肌受损、心功能、肺动脉压指标水平及近期不良事件。结果 治疗后,联合组血氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指数(P/F)、氧饱和度(SaO_(2))高于呼吸机组,血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))低于呼吸机组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.840、12.871、4.200、8.735,P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组肌红蛋白(Mb)、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)低于呼吸机组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.330、6.043、13.997,P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组右室Tei指数低于呼吸机组,右室射血分数(RVEF)、三尖瓣环收缩期位移(TAPSE)高于呼吸机组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.274、2.931、3.532,P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组肺动脉收缩压(PASP)、肺动脉平均压(MPAP)低于呼吸机组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.970、5.273,P<0.05)。两组近期总不良反应率和不良事件率差异无统计学意义(Fisher=0.472、0.424)。结论 米力农联合无创呼吸机治疗老年PHD伴AHF患者可以有效改善血气指标和心肌受损情况,并降低肺动脉压,值得临床应用。