Prognostic impact of atrial fibrillation on clinical outcomes of acute coronary syndromes,heart failure and chronic kidney disease

Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the most common type of sustained arrhythmia,which is now on course to reach epidemic proportions in the elderly population. AF is a commonly encountered comorbidity in patients with cardiac and major non-cardiac diseases. Morbidity and mortality associated with AF makes it a major healthcare burden. The objective of our article is to determine the prognostic impact of AF on acute coronary syndromes,heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Multiple studies have been conducted to determine if AF has an independent role in the overall mortality of such patients. Our review suggests that AF has an independent adverse prognostic impact on the clinical outcomes of acute coronary syndromes,heart failure and chronic kidney disease.

Severe Hypokalemia ECG Changes Mimicking Those of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in Patient with Underlying Ischaemic Heart Disease: A Case Review

Background: Hypokalemia is seen on regular basis in medical emergency. The definition of hypokalemia is serum potassium level below 3.5 mmol/L, meanwhile severe hypokalemia is serum potassium level below 2.5 mmol/L [1]. Patient with hypokalemia can present with wide range of presentation including musculoskeletal complaints from numbness to acute paralysis. Severe hypokalemia has tendency to progress to intestinal paralysis and respiratory failure. In some cases of hypokalemia, cardiovascular system can also be affected causing cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure [2]. Aim: This case report is to highlight that severe hypokalaemia can present with ECG changes mimicking acute coronary syndrome (ACS) which was fully resolved with correction of potassium level. Methods: We report a case of 84 years old Chinese man with underlying triple vessel disease presented with generalised body weakness for 2 days. ECG on arrival noted changes suggestive of ACS with ST segment depression in lead V4-V6 with first degree heart block, however patient had no ischemic symptoms and the potassium level was severe low at 1.6 mmol/L (3.5 - 5.1 mmol/L). He was correctly not treated for ACS. Outcomes: Repeated ECG post fast intravenous potassium correction noted complete resolution of the ST segment depression and first degree heart block. Patient discharged well from hospital four days later with potassium level of 3.8 mmol/L. Conclusions: Severe hypokalemia with asymptomatic ECG of ACS changes can safely be treated as a single entity clinical emergency with good resolution and no complication after normalizing potassium level.

Atypical presentation of acute and chronic coronary artery disease in diabetics

In patients with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of mortality and chest pain is the most frequent symptom in patients with stable and acute coronary artery disease. However, there is little knowledge concerning the pervasiveness of uncommon presentations in diabetics. The symptomatology of acute coronary syndrome, which comprises both pain and non-pain symptoms, may be affected by traditional risk factors such as age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Such atypical symptoms may range from silent myocardial ischemia to a wide spectrum of non-chest pain symptoms. Worldwide, few studies have highlighted this under-investigated subject, and this aspect of ischemic heart disease has also been under-evaluated in the major clinical trials. The results of these studies are highly diverse which makes definitive conclusions regarding the spectrum of atypical presentation of acute and even stable chronic coronay artery disease difficult to confirm. This may have a significant impact on the morbidity and mortality of coronary artery disease in diabetics. In this up-to-date review we will try to analyze the most recent studies on the atypical presentations in both acute and chronic ischemic heart disease which may give some emphasis to this under-investigated topic.

Effect of Different Styles of Coronary Heart Disease and Its Risk Factors on Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction

Objectives To evaluate the effect of different styles of coronary heart disease （CHD）, different regions of acute myocardial infarction （AMI）, its risk factors and branches of coronary stenosis on left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction by applying echocardiography. Methods 251 patients with CHD and 96 patients without CHD （NoCHD） were verified by selective coronary angiography. CHD patients were divided into stable angina pectoris （SAP） 26, unstable angina pectoris（UAP） 53, acute myocardial infarction （AMI） 140 and old myocardial infarction （OMI） 30 based on clinical situation, cTnT, cardiac enzyme and ECG. AMI patients were further divided into subgroups including acute anterior myocardial infarct （Aa,n = 53）, acute inferior myocardial infarction （Ai, n=54） and Aa＋Ai （n=33） based on ECG. Cardiac parameters： end-diastolic interventricular septum thickness（IVSd）, end-diastolic left ventricular internal diameter （LVd）, left ventricular mass （LM）, end-diastolic left ventricular volume （EDV）, end-systolic left ventricular volume （ESV） and left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF） were measured by ACUSON 128XP/10 echocardiography. Multiples linear regression analyses were performed to test statistical associations between LVEF and the involved branches of coronary stenosis, blood pressure, lipids, glucose and etc after onset of myocardial infarction. Results EDV and ESV were increased and LVEF decreased on patients with AMI,OMI and UAP （P〈0.05-0.0001）. LM was mainly increased in patients with OMI （P〈0.01） and LVd was mainly enlarged in patients with AMI. EF was significantly decreased and EDV, ESV, LM and LVd were remarkably increased in AMI patients with Aa and Aa＋Ai. With the multiple linear regression analyses by SPSS software, we found that LVEF was negatively correlated to the involved branches of coronary stenosis as well as to systolic blood pressure after onset of myocardial infarction while there was no significant correlation between LVEF and other factors. LVEF was significantly decreased, and LVd and LM increased in AMI patients with antecedent hypertension, compared to patients without hypertension （P〈0.001）. Conclusions Effects of different styles of CHD and different regions of AMI on left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function are different. Myocardial infarction, especially Aa and Aa＋Ai, is one of the most important causes of left ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Multiple vessel stenosis and systolic blood pressure at the onset of myocardial infarction reduce LVEF in AMI patients. Antecedent hypertension may accelerate the effect of AMI on cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Therefore primary and secondary preventions of CHD are critical for protecting heart from remodeling and dysfunction.

Relationship between Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Type and Coronary Arteriography of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Objective: To explore the relationship of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Syndrome type and coronary arteriography (CAG) with respect to the number and degree of stenosed branches of coronary artery (CA) and ACC/AHA stage of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), to provide an objective evidence for TCM Syndrome typing on ACS Methods: Ninety patients of ACS with their TCM Syndrome typing and CAG successfully conducted were enrolled in this study. They were classified into 3 Syndrome types, the blood stasis type (type I ), the phlegm stagnant with blood stasis type (type II ),and the endogenous collateral Wind type (type III) The scores of the number and severity of the stenosis branch of CA and ACC/AHA lesion stage in different Syndrome types were calculated respectively and analysed statistically by Ridit analysis. Results: The number of stenosed branches increased gradually with the Syndrome type changing from I -II-III, compared the type III with the other two types(P<0. 01). The severity of stenosis in type I and II were similar, but that of Type III, much aggravated was significantly different from that in the former two (P<0. 01) . The ACC/AHA stage of coronary lesion tended to be more complex as the Syndrome type changed, patients of TCM type I and II had mostly lesion of stage A or Bl , while lesion in majority of patients of type III belonged to stage B2 or C, comparison between the three types showed significant difference (P<0.01). Conclusion: Most ACS patients of TCM Syndrome type III with tri-branch, severe stenosed coronary arteries, belong to the complex ACC/AHA stage of B2 and C.

Myeloperoxidase and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein for Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Background: Research has shown that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a major inflammatory marker for prediction of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) also plays an important role in atherosclerosis initiation and development. In present study, the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) were investigated. Methods: MPO, hs-CRP and ACS-related risk factors from 201 ACS (78 AMI and 123 UAP) and 210 non-ACS (84 SAP and 126 non-CHD) patients confirmed by coronary angiography were detected, and the data were analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Spearman’s correlation coefficients. MACEs of 285 CHD patients were investigated during the 4-year period follow-up from March 2010 to May 2014. Results: The areas under ROC curve for diagnosing ACS were 0.888 (95% CI 0.843 - 0.933) for MPO, and 0.862 (95% CI 0.815-0.910) for hs-CRP, respectively. There were significantly correlations between MPO and hs-CRP in both ACS and non-ACS groups. Regarding to ACS patients, both MPO and hs-CRP were positively correlated with BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C and Hcy. Prospective study demonstrated that the incidences of MACEs associated significantly with elevated MPO baseline level (yes vs no, OR 7.383, 95% CI 4.095 - 13.309) and high hs-CRP baseline level (yes vs no, OR 4.186, 95% CI 2.469 - 7.097) in CHD patients. Conclusions: The present study provides the epidemiological evidence that elevated baseline MPO and hs-CRP levels are both valuable predictors of MACEs in CHD patients. MPO and hs-CRP would prompt the progression of atherosclerosis and development from SAP to ACS.

Computed tomography coronary angiography after excluding myocardial infarction:high-sensitivity troponin versus risk score-guided approach

BACKGROUND:Patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in whom myocardial infarction has been ruled out are still at risk of having obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).This rate is higher among patients with intermediate high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) concentrations (5 ng/L to 99th percentile) than low concentrations (<5 ng/L).Therefore,an intermediate concentration has been suggested as a candidate for downstream investigation with computed tomography coronary angiography(CTCA).We tried to compare the HEART score-guided vs.hsTnI-guided approach for identifying obstructive CAD.METHODS:From a prospective cohort study of patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected ACS,433 patients without elevated hsTnI who also underwent CTCA were selected and analyzed.The performances of hsTnI concentration and HEART score were compared using sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value (PPV),and negative predictive value (NPV).RESULTS:Overall,120 (27.7%) patients had obstructive CAD.Patients with intermediate hsTnI concentrations were more likely to have obstructive CAD than those with low hsTnI concentrations(40.0%vs.18.1%);patients with non-low-risk HEART scores (≥4 points) were also more likely to have obstructive CAD than those with low-risk scores (0 to 3 points)(41.0%vs.7.6%).The HEART score had higher sensitivity and NPV for detecting obstructive CAD in each classification than hsTnI concentration (sensitivity:89.2%vs.63.3%;NPV:92.4%vs.81.9%,respectively).CONCLUSION:After excluding myocardial infarction in patients with suspected ACS,adding the HEART score for selecting candidates for CTCA could improve patient risk stratification more accurately than relying on hsTnI concentration.

Application of appropriate use criteria for percutaneous coronary intervention in Japan

The aim of this review was to summarize the concept of appropriate use criteria(AUC) regarding percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) and document AUC use and impact on clinical practice in Japan, in comparison with its application in the United States. AUC were originally developed to subjectively evaluate the indications and performance of various diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, including revascularization techniques. Over the years, application of AUC has significantly impacted patient selection for PCI in the United States, particularly in non-acute settings. After the broad implementation of AUC in 2009, the rate of inappropriate PCI decreased by half by 2014. The effect was further accentuated by incorporation of financial incentives(e.g., restriction of reimbursement for inappropriate procedures). On the other hand, when the United States-derived AUC were applied to Japanese patients undergoing elective PCI from 2008 to 2013, about one-third were classified as inappropriate, largely due to the perception gap between American and Japanese experts. For example, PCI for low-risk non-left atrial ascending artery lesion was more likely to be classified as appropriate by Japanese standards, and anatomical imaging with coronary computed tomography angiography was used relatively frequently in Japan, but no scenario within the current AUC includes this modality. To extrapolate the current AUC to Japan or any other region outside of the United States, these local discrepancies must be taken into consideration, and scenarios should be revised to reflect contemporary practice. Understanding the concept of AUC as well as its perception gap between different counties will result in the broader implementation of AUC, and lead to the quality improvement of patients' care in the field of coronary intervention.

地中海饮食模式和急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死发生风险的关系研究

目的探讨地中海饮食模式与急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)发生风险的相关性。方法本研究是一项单中心大型病例对照研究。收集2017年1月至2020年12月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院首次确诊为急性NSTEMI的患者600例作为急性NSTEMI组。根据年龄、性别进行1∶1匹配选取同期本院体检中心健康体检者600人作为对照组。比较2组一般资料。根据饮食频率调查问卷计算出改良地中海饮食评分(AMEDS)。将所有受试者按AMEDS分为AMEDS<4分组、AMEDS 4~5分组和AMEDS≥6分组。分析总体及不同AMEDS组的急性NSTEMI发生风险,分析AMEDS中不同种类食物与急性NSTEMI发生风险的相关性。结果急性NSTEMI组有高血压病、糖尿病病史的患者比例、收缩压、体重指数、目前吸烟者比例均高于对照组,家庭收入≥120000元/年的比例、AMEDS均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相对于AMEDS<4分组的受试者而言,AMEDS 4~5分组以及AMEDS≥6分组受试者急性NSTEMI发生风险明显降低(调整年龄、性别、受教育年限、家庭年收入、病史、体重指数、血压、血红蛋白、生活方式等多个协变量后的多因素分析比值比=0.72,95%置信区间:0.53~0.94,P=0.031;比值比=0.62,95%置信区间:0.47~0.84,P=0.008)。将患者按年龄和性别进行分层,多因素回归分析后发现,随AMEDS增加,急性NSTEMI发生风险降低的趋势在男性和年龄<60岁的人群依然存在(均P<0.05),在女性和≥60岁的人群中,趋势差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),同时分层之间交互性分析后差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。AMEDS食物种类分析结果显示,蔬菜、鱼类降低急性NSTEMI发生风险,红肉或加工肉类增加其发生风险(比值比=0.51,95%置信区间:0.42~0.66,P<0.001;比值比=0.75,95%置信区间:0.59~0.94,P=0.010;比值比=1.51,95%置信区间:1.21~1.90,P<0.001)。结论地中海饮食模式和急性NSTEMI的发生相关,改良地中海饮食的高依从性可能降低急性NSTEMI的发生风险。

老年患者胃癌根治术后急性肾损伤的危险因素

目的分析老年患者胃癌根治术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的危险因素。方法回顾性收集接受胃癌根治手术老年患者691例的临床资料,男563例,女128例,年龄≥65岁,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。临床资料包括性别、年龄、体重、BMI、ASA分级、吸烟及饮酒史、术前合并症、手术时间、术中用药情况、术中液体出入量、术中尿量、术后住院时间、总住院时间等。根据患者术后是否发生AKI分为两组:AKI组和非AKI组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析发生术后AKI的危险因素。结果有16例(2.3%)患者发生术后AKI。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,合并冠心病(OR=5.587,95%CI 1.355~23.029,P=0.017)和术中尿量减少(OR=0.997,95%CI 0.995~1.000,P=0.023)是老年患者胃癌根治术后AKI的独立危险因素。结论术前合并冠心病及术中尿量减少是老年胃癌根治术患者术后发生AKI的独立危险因素。

治疗前血清尿酸对高血压性急性心力衰竭患者预后的预测价值

目的 探讨高血压性急性心力衰竭患者治疗前的血清尿酸(SUA)水平与治疗后疾病严重程度及5年病死率的相关性。方法 选取了河北省沧州市黄骅市人民医院2019年9月—2022年9月收治的122例高血压性急性心力衰竭患者,根据入院时的SUA水平将其分为高尿酸血症组(男性SUA≥420μmol/L,女性SUA≥360μmol/L)和正常尿酸组,比较两组患者的基线特征、临床表现和5年随访结果。采用多变量Cox回归模型评估SUA水平对5年病死率的影响,并使用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线进行生存分析。比较两组左心室功能和心血管不良事件(MACE)。结果 高尿酸血症组患者的BMI、白细胞、白蛋白、肌酐、尿素氮、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇SUA水平显著高于正常尿酸组,血小板和肾小球滤过率显著低于正常尿酸组(P<0.05)。在冠状动脉狭窄情况,高尿酸血症组涉及的血管支数和Gensini积分均显著高于正常尿酸组(P<0.05),且血清尿酸水平与Gensini积分呈强正相关(r=0.778,P<0.05)。随访结果显示,高尿酸血症组的5年病死率显著升高,且尿酸是5年病死率的独立危险因素(HR=1.017,95%CI=1.011~1.024,P<0.001)。出院前的心脏超声检查结果显示,两组间的LVESV和LVEDV比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但LVEF组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外,尽管高尿酸血症组的MACE发生率偏高,但两组间差异并无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在高血压性急性心力衰竭患者群体中,治疗前SUA水平与疾病严重程度以及5年病死率增加相关。治疗前高水平SUA可预测高血压性急性心力衰竭患者的不良结局。

冠状动脉多发血栓致急性心肌梗死一例

冠状动脉(冠脉)多发血栓应充分判断血栓来源,鉴别其为血栓形成还是冠脉栓塞。本病例为38岁男性,因胸痛入院,心电图示急性下壁、右心室心肌梗死;急诊冠脉造影示左前降支近中段、第一对角支开口和右冠脉中段见血栓影,未见明显狭窄。术后心电图示急性下壁、右心室、前壁心肌梗死,予强化抗栓等治疗,择期复查冠脉造影并行腔内影像学可见混合斑块及可疑内膜夹层,考虑不稳定斑块及冠脉夹层继发血栓形成可能,予强化药物治疗。患者出院后定期复诊,病情平稳。

误诊为多种心外系统疾病的老年冠心病心力衰竭临床分析

目的探讨老年人冠心病心力衰竭多系统表现和早期误诊原因。方法分析2021年1月—2023年6月老年冠心病心力衰竭误诊8例临床资料。结果8例中2例咳嗽、咳痰,胸闷气促,两肺底湿啰音,肺纹理增粗紊乱,心电图示ST-T段压低,有慢性支气管炎病史,误诊“慢性支气管炎急性发作”;3例中2例恶心、呕吐,剑突下轻压痛,1例腹痛、腹泻、脐周轻度压痛,心电图示ST-T段压低3例、室性早搏2例,有慢性胃炎病史,误诊“急性胃肠炎”;1例腹胀、食欲不振、乏力,双下肢轻度水肿,丙氨酸转氨酶轻度升高,误诊为“慢性肝炎”;2例头晕、失眠、烦躁不安,心电图示窦性心动过速,有高血压、高脂血症史,误诊“脑动脉硬化症”。经详细询问病史、相关治疗史及认真查体,会诊后完善相关检查,确诊冠心病心力衰竭。误诊时间2~5 d。后予抗心力衰竭治疗,预后良好。随访半年,病情稳定。结论当老年患者以心外系统症状为首诊症状就诊时,应详细询问心脏病史,充分了解伴随症状,认真查体,避免遗漏相关阳性体征,及时行超声心动图、心电图等辅助检查,可有效避免误诊。

冠状动脉周围脂肪衰减指数联合实验室指标预测急性冠脉综合征的研究

目的探讨冠状动脉周围脂肪衰减指数(fat attenuation index,FAI)联合实验室指标预测冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)患者发生急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)风险的价值。方法回顾性分析2015年至2020年南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院确诊的CHD患者454例病历资料,将其分为稳定性冠心病(stable coronary artery disease,SCAD)组(n=233)与ACS组(n=221)。采用Logistic回归分析冠状动脉主要分支[右冠状动脉(right coronary artery,RCA)、左前降支(left anterior descending branch,LAD)及左旋支(left circumflex branch,LCX)]的FAI值、实验室指标及临床资料,筛选CHD患者发生ACS的独立影响因素;构建受试者操作特征曲线,并计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC),评价独立影响因素及其联合应用的预测效能。结果LAD-FAI、RCA-FAI及高敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)是CHD患者发生ACS的独立影响因素。LAD-FAI、RCA-FAI、hs-CRP值升高单独预测CHD患者发生ACS的AUC分别为0.568、0.703、0.749,三者联合预测的AUC为0.815。结论LAD-FAI、RCA-FAI与hs-CRP联合对CHD患者发生ACS的风险具有较好的预测效能。

Study on the Establishment of a Rat Model for Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury with Coronary Heart Disease and its Oxygen Balance

Objective:To establish a rat model of transfusion-related acute lung injury(TRALI)with coronary heart disease(CHD),and to analyze the safety of blood transfusion through oxygen balance.Methods:Forty-five 10-day-old male Wistar rats were purchased,and 35 of them were fed with high-fat diet to establish coronary heart disease rat models,and then 20 of them were selected to establish rat models of transfusion-related acute lung injury with coronary heart disease(model group,10 rats),positive acute lung injury group(positive group,5 rats)and negative acute lung injury group(negative group,5 rats),and the lung histomorphology,pathological score and wet/dry weight ratio were compared.Then,another 15 rats with coronary heart disease were selected and infused with mutant Hb,rHb1.1 and rHb2.0 with the same osmotic pressure through femoral vein catheterization,respectively,and were divided into mutant Hb group,rHb1.1 group and rHb2.0 group,with 5 rats in each group,and 5 healthy rats were combined as control group.The MAP,HR and blood gas values of mesenteric artery of rats were compared at 0,30,60 and 90 min after infusion.Results:(1)Rats in the model group and the positive group showed symptoms such as irregular and shallow breathing,increased oral and nasal secretions,and audible wheezing,which were consistent with the symptoms of acute lung injury.Comparison of lung histological score and lung tissue wet/dry ratio in three groups:There was no significant difference in lung histological score and lung tissue wet/dry ratio(P>0.05),but they were higher than those in the negative group(P<0.05).(2)During hemoglobin infusion,the MAP of mutant Hb group,rHb1.1 group and rHb2.0 group was higher than that of the control group,while the pH and PaCO2were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in QSMA(P>0.05).In the mutant Hb group,MAP returned to normal at 30-60 min after infusion(P>0.05),but MAP increased again at 90 min after infusion(P<0.05),and QSMA increased significantly at 60 min after transfusion(P<0.05).The pH value was lower than the normal value and the PaCO2was higher than the normal value within 90 min of infusion(P<0.05),and the HCO3-level returned to normal after 30 min of infusion(P>0.05).In rHb 1.1 group,MAP returned to normal,QSMA remained at normal level(P>0.05),and pH,PaCO2and HCO3-returned to normal after 60 min of infusion(P>0.05);In rHb 2.0 group,the levels of MAP,pH,PaCO2and HCO3-returned to normal after 30 min of infusion(P>0.05),and QSMA remained normal during infusion(P>0.05).Conclusion:The rat model of transfusion-relatted acute lung injury with coronary heart disease can be successfully established by injecting LPS into the rat model of coronary heart disease,and the infusion of recombinant hemoglobin can improve the balance of blood supply in rats,in which the infusion of rHb2.0 can better correct the metabolic acidosis.

高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎的降脂治疗研究进展

《高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎诊治急诊专家共识》将高甘油三酯血症性急性胰腺炎(HTG-AP)根据甘油三酯(TG)水平分为两种临床亚型,即高甘油三脂血症(HTG)胰腺炎(血清TG水平>1000 mg/dl;TG水平为500~1000 mg/dl且血清呈乳糜状)、急性胰腺炎(AP)伴HTG(TG水平为150~500 mg/dl)。流行病学表明,富含甘油三酯脂蛋白(TRL)及其残余物是心血管疾病、糖尿病的危险因素,而严重的HTG则增加了胰腺炎的复发风险。因此,针对HTG-AP的早期与长期降TG治疗具有各自特殊性。本文就HTG-AP的研究及降脂治疗新进展作一综述。

替罗非班不同途径给药治疗冠心病急性心肌梗死的有效性及安全性比较

目的探讨替罗非班不同途径给药治疗冠心病急性心肌梗死的有效性及安全性。方法择取2019年1月至2022年2月收治的124例冠心病急性心肌梗死患者,根据给药方式将其分为对照组和观察组,各62例。对照组以静脉注射方式给药给予替罗非班治疗,观察组以冠状动脉注射方式给药给予替罗非班治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗后,观察组的冠脉血流储备(CFVR)、舒张期血流峰值(DPV)、收缩期血流峰值(SPV)高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌红蛋白(MYO)水平均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)分级Ⅱ级占比显著低于对照组,Ⅲ级占比显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的不良事件总发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以冠状动脉注射方式给予替罗非班治疗冠心病急性心肌梗死,能进一步调节冠脉血流及心肌酶谱指标水平,改善TIMI分级,降低不良事件发生率。

冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术相关造影剂急性肾损害的影响因素分析及KIM-1、NGAL、NHE3的预测价值

目的探究冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(以下简称冠心病)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)相关造影剂急性肾损害(CIAKI)的影响因素,并分析尿液中肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质结合蛋白(NGAL)、钠/氢交换蛋白3(NHE3)预测CIAKI发生的价值。方法回顾性分析2021年7月—2022年6月在齐齐哈尔医学院附属第一医院行PCI的142例冠心病患者的病历资料,根据患者术后是否发生CIAKI,分为CIAKI组和非CIAKI组。分析影响PCI术后发生CIAKI的因素,评估PCI前后KIM-1差值、NGAL差值及NHE3差值对PCI术后发生CIAKI的预测价值。结果142例行PCI的冠心病患者中发生CIAKI 25例(17.61%)。CIAKI组糖尿病占比及造影剂使用剂量高于非CIAKI组(P<0.05),术前GFR水平低于非CIAKI组(P<0.05)。CIAKI组手术前后尿KIM-1、NGAL及NHE3的差值均高于非CIAKI组(P<0.05)。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示:糖尿病[OR=3.350(95%CI:1.145,9.802)]、造影剂使用剂量[OR=3.377(95%CI:1.154,9.880)]、KIM-1差值[OR=4.958(95%CI:1.695,14.506)]、NGAL差值[OR=4.446(95%CI:1.519,13.008)]、NHE3差值[OR=4.446(95%CI:1.519,3.008)]是冠心病患者PCI术后发生CIAKI的危险因素(P<0.05);GFR[OR=0.262(95%CI:0.089,0.765)]是冠心病患者PCI术后发生CIAKI的保护因素(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征曲线分析结果表明,KIM-1差值、NGAL差值、NHE3差值单一及联合预测冠心病患者PCI术后发生CIAKI的敏感性为75.32%(95%CI:0.594,0.831)、68.59%(95%CI:0.537,0.762)、62.77%(95%CI:0.514,0.735)、80.93%(95%CI:0.629,0.924),特异性为74.01%(95%CI:0.583,0.826)、83.16%(95%CI:0.652,0.941)、78.92%(95%CI:0.603,0.875)、81.15%(95%CI:0.638,0.945),曲线下面积为0.743、0.748、0.762和0.837,联合诊断效能最高。结论糖尿病、GFR、造影剂使用剂量和PCI前后KIM-1、NGAL、NHE3的变化影响CIAKI的发生,PCI前后KIM-1差值、NGAL差值及NHE3差值联合预测CIAKI的效能较好。

急性冠脉综合征患者血浆LncRNA NEAT1、LMR水平变化及其临床意义

目的探讨血浆长链非编码RNA核内富集转录物1(LncRNA NEAT1)、淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值(LMR)与急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的相关性。方法选取2021年1月至2022年1月因胸闷胸痛等胸前区不适症状在娄底市中心医院心血管内科住院行冠状动脉造影术检查的194例患者作为研究对象。其中,冠状动脉造影检查阴性(冠状动脉造影检查显示冠状动脉正常)共50例,纳入对照组;其余144例冠状动脉造影检查阳性的患者(即ACS患者)根据诊断标准分为不稳定型心绞痛(UA)组(n=64)和急性心肌梗死(AMI)组(n=80)。用实时定量PCR检测各组血浆中LncRNA NEAT1的表达水平;检测并收集血常规淋巴细胞计数(LC)和单核细胞计数(MC)并计算出LMR水平。采用Spearman分析LncRNA NEAT1、外周血LMR、Gensini积分和肌钙蛋白I(TnI)的相关性;通过ROC曲线评估血浆LncRNA NEAT1、LMR对ACS的诊断效能。结果三组患者的吸烟史比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中AMI组的有吸烟史率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.017);AMI组的肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、TnI水平、Gensini积分高于对照组及UA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AMI组的LncRNA NEAT1表达水平[1.85(1.45,2.31)]高于对照组[0.80(0.35,1.03)]、UA组[1.26(0.69,1.38)],UA组的LncRNA NEAT1表达水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AMI组的LMR水平(3.59±1.42)低于对照组(4.97±1.50)、UA组(4.63±1.45),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,LncRNA NEAT1与TnI呈正相关(r=0.684,P<0.001),LMR与TnI呈负相关(r=-0.317,P<0.05);LncRNA NEAT1与LMR呈负相关(r=-0.297,P<0.05);LncRNA NEAT1与Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.654,P<0.001),LMR与Gensini积分呈负相关(r=-0.393,P<0.001)。ROC分析结果显示,血浆LncRNA NEAT1诊断ACS的AUC为0.855(95%CI:0.773~0.936,P<0.001),敏感度和特异度分别为76.4%和88.0%;LMR诊断ACS的AUC为0.684(95%CI:0.561~0.807,P<0.001),敏感度和特异度分别为84.7%和48.0%。结论血浆LncRNA NEAT1表达水平、LMR均与ACS及冠状动脉病变严重程度有关,可能可以作为潜在生物标志物辅助诊断ACS,并判断冠状动脉的病变严重程度。

心血管护理门诊对冠心病患者急性心脑血管事件发生率的影响

目的评估专科心血管护理门诊对降低冠心病患者急性心脑血管事件发生率的效果。方法选取我院2021年3月至2022年9月的90例冠心病患者,采用随机分组方法,观察组和对照组各分配45例。对照组接受常规护理,观察组则接受心血管护理门诊干预。观察两组急性心脑血管事件发生率、生活质量、心功能指标水平以及心理状态。结果相较于对照组,观察组的急性心脑血管事件发生率、SAS评分以及SDS评分均更低(均P<0.05);观察组生活质量评分高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,观察组患者左心室舒张末内径、左心室收缩末内径水平低于对照组,左心室射血分数高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论对冠心病患者实施心血管护理门诊干预能有效减少急性心脑血管事件的发生,提升患者的生活质量,改善患者心功能,减少患者不良情绪。