Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Outpatient Visits for Acute Bronchitis in a Chinese City

Objective To investigate the short-term association between outdoor air pollution and outpatient visits for acute bronchitis,which is a rare subject of research in the mainland of China.Methods A time-series analysis was conducted to examine the association of outdoor air pollutants with hospital outpatient visits in Shanghai by using two-year daily data（2010-2011）.Results Outdoor air pollution was found to be associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits for acute bronchitis in Shanghai.The effect estimates of air pollutants varied with the lag structures of the concentrations of the pollutants.For lag06,a 10 μg/m3 increase in the concentrations of PM10,SO2,and NO2 corresponded to 0.94%（95% CI：0.83%,1.05%）,11.12%（95% CI：10.76%,11.48%）,and 4.84%（95% CI：4.49%,5.18%） increases in hospital visits for acute bronchitis,respectively.These associations appeared to be stronger in females（P〈0.05）.Between-age differences were significant for SO2（P〈0.05）,and between-season differences were also significant for SO2（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Our analyses have provided the first evidence that the current air pollution level in China has an effect on acute bronchitis and that the rationale for further limiting air pollution levels in Shanghai should be strengthened.

Study on the underlying mechanism of almond and platycodon in treating acute bronchitis based on network pharmacology

Objective:Network pharmacology method was adopted in this study to screen the target of almond and platycodon of the treatment to Acute Bronchitis and exploring its mechanism of treatment.Methods:Chemical components and selected targets related to almond and platycodon were searched through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).Through GeneCards database,OMIM database,disease targets of Acute Bronchitis were searched.Venn diagram analysis was used to screen the common targets between drugs and disease,and then the interaction network diagram of the targets was constructed by String.Cytoscape3.7.0 was applied to construct the drugcomposition-target-disease interacted network.GO Enrichment and KEGG Enrichment Analysis of Targets were based on DAVID.Results:There are 25 active components such as luteolin,acacetin and Glabridin in the almond and platycodon,corresponding to 127 targets.81 targets are obtained by mapping with 1593 targets of acute bronchitis,including PTGS2,PTGS1,AKT1,TP53,etc.KEGG enrichment analysis mainly involves Apoptosis,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,T cell receptor signaling pathway,etc.Conclusion:Based on the network pharmacology,the potential mechanism of almond and platycodon in the treatment of acute bronchitis was discussed,which provides ideas and directions for further experimental research.

Short-term effects of air pollutants on hospital admissions for acute bronchitis in children:a multi-city time-series study in Southwest China

Background Few studies have investigated the effects of air pollutants on children with acute bronchitis.This study aimed to explore the acute effects of four air pollutants[fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),inhalable particulate matter(PM10),sulfur dioxide(SO_(2)),and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))]on the daily number of children admitted to the hospital for acute bronchitis in Sichuan Province,China.Methods The 49,975 records of hospitalized children with acute bronchitis from medical institutions in nine cities/prefectures,Sichuan Province,China,as well as the simultaneous meteorological data and air pollution data from 183 monitoring sites,were collected from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018.A generalized additive model was adopted to analyze the exposure–response and lag effects of hospitalizations of children with acute bronchitis to air pollutants.Stratified analyses were conducted based on sex,age,and season.Results The single-pollutant model showed that a 10µg/m3 increase at lag07 of PM_(2.5),PM10,SO_(2),and NO_(2) corresponded to an increase of 1.23%[95%confidence interval(CI)0.21–2.26%],1.33%(95%CI 0.62–2.05%),23.52%(95%CI 11.52–36.81%),and 12.47%(95%CI 8.46–16.64%)in daily hospitalizations for children with acute bronchitis,respectively.Children aged 0–2 were more prone to PM_(2.5)(P<0.05).Interestingly,the effects were stronger in the warm season than in transition seasons and the cool season for PM_(2.5) and PM10(P<0.05).Conclusion The higher daily average concentrations of four pollutants in Sichuan Province can result in an increased number of children hospitalized for acute bronchitis.

Ambient Temperature and Outpatient Visits for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis in Shanghai: A Time Series Analysis

The association between ambient temperature and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis （AECB） was still unknown. Therefore, we performed an epidemiological study in a large hospital of Shanghai to explore the relationship about temperature and outpatient visit for AECB. We adopted a quasi-Poisson generalized additive models and distributed lag nonlinear models to estimate the accumulative effects of temperature on AECB across multiple days. We found significant non-linear effects of cold temperature on hospital visits for AECB, and the potential effect of cold temperature might last more than 2 weeks. The relative risks of extreme cold （first percentiles of temperature throughout the study period） and cold （10th percentile of temperature） temperature over lags 0-14 d were 2.98 [95% confidence intervals （CI）： 1.77, 5.04] and 1.63 （95% Ch 1.21, 2.19）, compared with the 25th percentile of temperature. However, we found no positive association between hospital visits and hot weather. This study showed that exposure to both extreme cold and cold temperatures were associated with increased outpatient visits for AECB in a large hospital of Shanghai.

Systematic review of Shufeng Jiedu capsules for acute attack of chronic bronchitis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules in the treatment of acute attacks of chronic bronchitis.Methods:CNKI,VIP,CBM,WanFang,PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library and ChiCTR were searched by computer,and randomized controlled trials of Shufeng Jiedu capsules in the treatment of AECB were integrated.The retrieval time was from the date of establishing the database to December 31,2020.Meta-analysis of outcome indicators[including effective rate,C-reactive protein(CRP),lung function[FEV1%and/or FEV1/FVC],interleukin-8(IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)]were carried out by RevMan 5.3 software,and the effective rate was tested by sequential analysis(TSA),and the quality of evidence was evaluated according to GRADE standards.Results:A total of 680 cases in 8 articles were included.Shufeng Jiedu Capsules improved the effective rate of clinicaltreatment[RR=1.20,95%CI(1.13,1.28)],improved lung function[FEV1:MD=0.33,95%CI(0.22,0.45),FEV1/FVC:MD=10.17,95%CI(8.15,12.19)],reduced CRP[MD=-7.32,95%CI(-8.42,-6.22)],IL-8[MD=-63.39,95%CI(-73.49,-53.29)],TNF-α[MD=-7.44,95%CI(-8.35,-6.53)]levels.The above differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),and no serious adverse reactions were reported in all studies.The results of TSA analysis showed that the experimental group had definite evidence for improving the efficiency.According to the GRADE evaluation system,the efficiency,TNF-αwere medium-quality evidences,FEV1 was low-quality evidence,and FEV1/FVC,CRP,and IL-8 were extremely low-quality evidence.Conclusions:The curative effect of Shufeng Jiedu capsule combined with western medicine in the treatment of AECB was better than that of single western medicine.Nevertheless,considering the limited sample size and the quality of included articles,higher quality RCTs are still needed to further confirm its effectiveness and safety.