The value of toxicological analysis in acute poisoning patients with uncertain exposure histories:a retrospective and descriptive study from an institute of poisoning

BACKGROUND:In clinical practice,some patients might not be able or unwilling to provide a thorough history of medication and poison exposure.The aim of this study was to use toxicological analysis to examine the clinical characteristics of patients with acute poisoning whose exposure history was uncertain from a toxicological analysis perspective.METHODS:This was a retrospective and descriptive study from an institute of poisoning.Patient registration information and test reports spanning the period from April 1,2020 to March 31,2022,were obtained.Patients with uncertain exposure histories and who underwent toxicological analysis were included.Clinical manifestations and categories of toxics were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 195 patients with positive toxicological analysis results,the main causes of uncertain exposure history was disturbance of consciousness(62.6%),unawareness(23.6%)and unwillingness or lack of cooperation(13.8%).The predominant clinical manifestations were disturbed consciousness(62.6%),followed by vomiting and nausea(14.4%)and liver function abnormalities(8.7%).A comparison of clinical manifestations between patients with positive and negative(n=99)toxicological analyses results revealed significantly different proportions of disturbances in consciousness(63%vs.21%),dizziness(1.5%vs.5.1%),multi-organ failure(1.5%vs.7.1%),and local pain(0 vs 4%).The main categories of substances involved were psychiatric medications(23.1%),sedatives(20.5%),insecticides(13.8%),and herbicides(12.8%).CONCLUSION:The clinical manifestations of acute poisoning in patients with an uncertain exposure history are diverse and nonspecific,and toxicological analysis plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of such patients.

Assessment of locomotion behavioral defects induced by acute toxicity from heavy metal exposure in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Locomotion behaviors are susceptible to disruption by a broad spectrum of chemicals and environmental stresses. However, no systematic testing of locomotion behavior defects induced by metal exposure has been conducted in the model organism of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, the acute toxicity from heavy metal exposure on the locomotion behaviors was analyzed in nematodes. Endpoints of head thrash, body bend, forward turn, backward turn, and Omega/U turn were chosen to evaluate the locomotio...

Autophagy Alleviates Cold Exposure-induced Tight Junction Injury in Murine Ileum

Cold exposure is a pervasive stressor in the polar and subpolar regions,exerting both acute and chronic effects on individuals.This environmental factor is known to induce physiological stress,compromise immune response efficacy,and increase susceptibility to various diseases.Chronic cold exposure,characterized by repetitive nonconsecutive exposure to suboptimal temperatures over an extended duration.

Acute hepatitis C virus infection in a nurse trainee following a needlestick injury

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection after biological accident(needlestick injury) is a rare event.This report describes the first case of acute HCV infection after a needlestick injury in a female nursing student at Padua University Hospital.The student nurse was injured on the second finger of the right hand when recapping a 23-gauge needle after taking a blood sample.The patient who was the source was a 72-year-old female with weakly positive anti-HCV test results.Three months after the injury,at the second step of followup,a relevant increase in transaminases with a low viral replication activity(350 IU/mL) was observed in the student,indicating HCV infection.The patient tested positive for the same genotype(1b) of HCV as the injured student.A rapid decline in transaminases,which was not accompanied by viral clearance,and persistently positive HCV-RNA was described 1 mo later.Six months after testing positive for HCV,the student was treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin for 24 wk.A rapid virological response was observed after 4 wk of treatment,and a sustained virological response(SVR) was evident 6 mo after therapy withdrawal,confirming that the patient was definitively cured.Despite the favourable IL28B gene(rs12979860) CC-polymorphism observed in the patient,which is usually predictive of a spontaneous clearance and SVR,spontaneous viral clearance did not take place;however,infection with this genotype was promising for a sustained virological response after therapy.

Early Warning of Acute Altitude Sickness by Physiological Variables and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Indicators

Objective To examine if the variations at sea level would be able to predict subsequent susceptibility to acute altitude sickness in subjects upon a rapid ascent to high altitude.Methods One hundred and six Han nationality male individuals were recruited to this research.Dynamic electrocardiogram,treadmill exercise test,echocardiography,routine blood examination and biochemical analysis were performed when subjects at sea level and entering the plateau respectively.Then multiple regression analysis was performed to construct a multiple linear regression equation using the Lake Louise Score as dependent variable to predict the risk factors at sea level related to acute mountain sickness(AMS).Results Approximately 49.05%of the individuals developed AMS.The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(22.0+2.66 vs.23.2+3.19 mm,t=l.998,P=0.048)was significantly lower in the AMS group at sea level,while count of eosinophil[(0.264+0.393)×109/L vs.(0.126+0.084)×109/L,t=-2.040,P—0.045],percentage of diflerences exceeding 50 ms between adjacent normal number of intervals(PNN50,9.66%±5.40%vs.6.98%±5.66%,t=-2.229,P=0.028)and heart rate variability triangle index(57.1+16.1 vs.50.6+12.7,t=-2.271,P=0.025)were significantly higher.After acute exposure to high altitude,C-reactive protein(0.098+0.103 vs.0.062+0.045 g/L,t=-2.132,P=0.037),aspartate aminotransferase(19.7+6.7275.17,3±3.95 U/L,t=-2.231,P=0.028)and creatinine(85.1±12.9 vs.77.7±11.2 mmol/L,t=3.162,P=0.002)were significantly higher in the AMS group,while alkaline phosphatase(71.7+18.2 vs.80.6+20.2 U/L,t=2.389,P=0.019),standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals(126.5+35.9 vs.143.3+36.4 ms,t—2.320,P—0.022),ejection time(276.9+50.8 vs.313.8+48.9 ms,t—3.641,P—0.001)and heart rate variability triangle index(37.1+12.9 vs.41.9+11.1,t=2.O2O,P=0.047)were significantly lower.Using the Lake Louise Score as the dependent variable,prediction equation were established to estimate AMS:Lake Louise Score=3.783+0.281Xeosinophil-0.219Xalkaline phosphatase+O.O32XPNN50.Conclusions We elucidated the differences of pl^siological variables as well as noninvasive cardiovascular indicators for subjects after high altitude exposure compared with those at sea level.We also created an acute high altitude reaction early warning equation based on the physiological variables and noninvasive cardiovascular indicators at sea level.

Relationship between excessive erythrocytosis and acute mountain sickness: A field study

Background: Alterations in hematology, especially erythroid changes, may be involved in acute mountain sickness(AMS) at high altitude. This study aimed to identify the relationship between excessive erythrocytosis and AMS following different durations of high-altitude exposure.Methods: A total of 692 healthy young Chinese men were recruited for the study in June and July of 2012 and were divided into the following five groups: I) the 24-h group(24 hours after arrival at Lhasa, 3,700 m, n=261); II) the 7-d group(exposed at Lhasa, 3,700 m for seven days, n=99); III) the re-exposure group(re-exposed at Yang Bajing, 4,400 m for seven days after 】1 year of acclimation at 3,700 m, n=94); IV) the acclimated group(】1 year of acclimation at 3,700 m, Lhasa, n=42); and V) the sea-level control(control group, Chengdu, n=196). Case report forms were used to record the subjects’ demographic information and AMS-related symptoms. All of the subjects underwent routine blood tests.Results: The red blood cell(RBC) count fell slightly but was not significant upon acute exposure to high altitude, whereas the hemoglobin concentration([Hb]) increased significantly. After high-altitude re-exposure, both of the [Hb] and RBC count showed significant increases. The incidence of AMS was 65.1%, 26.3% and 51.1%, respectively in the 24-h, 7-d and re-exposure groups. The [Hb](P=0.024) and hematocrit(P=0.017) were greater in the AMS+ individuals than in the AMS– individuals in 7-d group. A correlation analysis revealed that the [Hb] and hematocrit were closely related with AMS score in 7-d and re-exposure groups, while the RBC showed a correlation with AMS score only in the re-exposure group. The AMS incidence was lowest when the [Hb] was between 140 and 160 g/L in the 24-h and 7-d groups.Conclusions: AMS is associated with both [Hb] and excessive erythrocytosis. Additionally, our findings indicate the existence of an optimal [Hb] for preventing AMS.

Biological exposure models for oil spill impact analysis

The oil spill impact analysis (OSIA) software system has been developed to supply a tool for comprehensive, quantitative environmental impact assessments resulting from oil spills. In the system, a biological component evaluates potential effects on exposed organisms based on results from a physico chemical fates component, including the extent and characteristics of the surface slick, and dissolved and total concentrations of hydrocarbons in the water column. The component includes a particle based exposure model for migratory adult fish populations, a particle based exposure model for spawning planktonic organisms (eggs and larvae), and an exposure model for wildlife species (sea birds or marine mammals). The exposure model for migratory adult fish populations simulates the migration behaviors of fish populations migrating to or staying in their feeding areas, over wintering areas or spawning areas, and determines the acute effects (mortality) and chronic accumulation (body burdens) from the dissolved contaminant. The exposure model for spawning planktonic organisms simulates the release of eggs and larvae, also as particles, from specific spawning areas during the spawning period, and determines their potential exposure to contaminants in the water or sediment. The exposure model for wild species calculates the exposure to surface oil of wildlife (bird and marine mammal) categories inhabiting the contaminated area. Compared with the earlier models in which all kinds of organisms are assumed evenly and randomly distributed, the updated biological exposure models can more realistically estimate potential effects on marine ecological system from oil spill pollution events.

Subacute Chorea Induced by Organic Solvents

Introduction: Chronic exposure to organic solvents may result in a variety of neurologic complications like dementia, cerebellar dysfunction, pyramidal syndrome, cranial nerve abnormalities, and neuropathy. Clinical Presentation: We report an unusual case of subacute chorea induced by occupational exposure. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse white matter T2 hyperintensity. The screening of basic blood tests, and CSF studies to eliminate alternate diagnoses, were normal. The patient received 1000 mg/day of intravenous methylprednisolone for 3 days, with cessation of professional activity. We observed a regression of neurological symptoms after 3 months of follow-up. Conclusion: This case highlights the diversity of acute or chronic neurological complications of solvents.

急性缺氧暴露对人体生理反应及认知能力的影响研究

在低压环境舱开展高海拔环境中人体急性缺氧暴露实验,研究环境压力和温度对人体生理参数和认知能力的影响规律。实验结果表明,随大气压力的降低,人体平均皮肤温度、口腔温度、舒张压、心率和心率变异性均呈增加,而血氧饱和度和收缩压呈降低趋势。其中,平均皮肤温度、心率和血氧饱和度具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。随温度的增加,只有血氧饱和度降低,其他生理参数均升高。其中,平均皮肤温度、心率具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。感知能力、记忆能力和反应能力随大气压力的降低而降低,思辨能力反而提高。其中,记忆能力受压力影响具有显著性(p<0.05)。感知能力和记忆能力随温度的增加有所提高,思辨能力在不同压力下随温度的变化规律不同,反应能力随温度的降低而提高。其中反应能力受温度影响具有显著性(p<0.05)。该研究为保障平原地区人员急进高海拔地区生命健康安全提供有力支撑。

累积尿酸暴露值与急性胰腺炎发病风险的相关性

目的探讨开滦研究队列人群尿酸累积暴露量与急性胰腺炎(AP)发病风险的关联。方法采用前瞻性队列的研究方法,以参加开滦集团2006-2010年度健康体检、无AP病史和UA资料完整的队列人群为观察队列,以研究对象完成2010年度健康体检时点为随访起点,以新发AP事件、死亡或至随访结束(2021年12月31日)为随访终点。根据每连续2次体检所测尿酸的均值及每连续2次体检的间隔时间计算尿酸累积暴露量(cumUA),将cumUA按四分位进行分组,观察各组人群基线资料和新发AP发病率。经Kaplan-Meier法计算累积发病率,以LogRank法进行检验,采用Cox回归模型分析不同cumUA分组对新发AP事件的影响。结果研究共纳入55799人,按基线cumUA四分位数水平分4组,4组间性别、年龄、BMI、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、吸烟、饮酒、受教育程度≥9年、体育锻炼、高血压病史、胆石症病史差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),4组间糖尿病病史没有差异(P=0.30),本研究平均随访(10.52±1.75)年,共发生AP事件153例,4组的发病密度分别为1.65例/万人年、2.76例/万人年、2.13例/万人年、3.96例/万人年,Log-Rank检验4组间发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=67.64,P<0.001)。以Q1组为对照,进一步校正了性别、年龄、TC、TG、eGFR、吸烟、饮酒、受教育程度、体育锻炼、高血压病史、糖尿病病史、胆石症病史后,Q4组发生AP的HR=1.77(95%CI:1.07~2.92)。排除随访期间死亡人群后重新进行多因素Cox回归分析,结果发现Q4组发生AP的HR=1.75(95%CI:1.04~2.95)。结论随着cumUA的暴露增加,AP的发病率和发病风险均呈上升趋势。

臭氧急性暴露对大鼠肺组织损伤的影响

目的:建立臭氧急性暴露模型,探究不同浓度臭氧急性暴露对大鼠肺组织损伤的影响。方法:选取SPF级SD大鼠48只,雌雄各半,每组12只,随机分为对照组、1.0、2.0和4.0 ppm组。各组大鼠每天暴露于臭氧环境中4 h,连续暴露7 d,染毒结束后腹主动脉采血并取肺组织。计算大鼠肺系数变化,检测肺组织匀浆中氧化应激指标丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)以及血清炎症因子(IL-1β和TNF-α)变化,另进行肺组织病理学观察。结果:与空气对照组相比,4.0 ppm臭氧暴露组雄鼠肺系数升高(P<0.05)。随着臭氧浓度的升高,大鼠肺组织MDA浓度逐渐上升,4.0 ppm组雌鼠、2.0 ppm和4.0 ppm组雄鼠与对照组间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);雌鼠肺组织在2.0和4.0 ppm组SOD浓度上升(P<0.01),雄鼠肺组织中SOD浓度先上升,在2.0 ppm时最高(P<0.01),再下降,在4.0 ppm时仍高于对照组(P<0.05);4.0 ppm组雌鼠和各剂量组雄鼠肺组织GSH-Px浓度均升高(P<0.01);且雌鼠血清中TNF-α浓度升高(P<0.05),雄鼠血清中IL-1β和TNF-α浓度均升高(P<0.05)。病理组织学观察结果显示,与对照组相比,2.0和4.0 ppm组大鼠肺泡间隔均明显增厚,并出现大面积实变,且雌性大鼠肺实变程度更严重。结论:臭氧会对大鼠肺组织造成病理损伤,导致大鼠肺组织氧化应激反应和炎症反应,且臭氧对肺组织的毒效应具有性别差异。

探讨丹芪精颗粒对急性高原暴露下肺血管内皮的保护作用

目的运用网络药理学结合临床试验探究阐明丹芪精颗粒对急性高原暴露后肺血管内皮的保护作用。方法首先利用中药系统药理数据库及分析平台(TCMSP)平台检索丹芪精颗粒的有效成分和药物作用靶点,并检索疾病作用靶点,获得疾病与药物的相互作用靶点。随后进行疾病和药物交叉靶点的基因本体论(GO)富集和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路分析,最后构建药物-疾病通路靶标网络图。根据随机对照法将80例患者分为红景天胶囊对照组和丹芪精颗粒组,各40例。分别于两组研究对象不同时间点(进驻高原后第1、3和7天)记录血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和内皮素-1(ET-1)水平。结果网络药理学分析结果显示,丹芪精颗粒可能通过调节急性高原暴露中的VEGF信号通路参与炎症反应等生物学过程。临床试验结果显示,与红景天胶囊组相比,丹芪精颗粒组的VEGF水平升高(F=8.977,P<0.05),ET-1水平降低(F=5.248,P<0.05)。结论丹芪精颗粒对急性高海拔暴露具有多靶点、多通路的治疗作用,并且可以提高急性高海拔暴露患者血管内皮功能核心靶点VEGF水平、降低ET-1动态水平,对肺血管内皮细胞起保护作用。

斜生栅藻对全氟辛酸和Zn^(2+)联合胁迫的生理生化响应

【目的】探究全氟辛酸(PFOA)与重金属锌(Zn^(2+))单一及联合暴露对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的急性毒性效应和作用机制,为全氟化合物(Perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)和重金属在水生生态系统中的联合风险评估提供理论基础。【方法】将1×10^(6)mL^(-1)斜生栅藻分别在0~16 mg/L Zn^(2+)、0~350 mg/L PFOA单一处理组及0~1.5 TU联合处理组暴露96 h,分析暴露条件对斜生栅藻的细胞浓度、藻细胞叶绿素a(Chl a)、总蛋白(TP)含量、抗氧化系统、细胞外部形态、转化氨氮能力、Zn^(2+)与PFOA去除率等指标的影响。【结果与结论】处理96 h,Zn^(2+)与PFOA单一胁迫抑制斜生栅藻生长的半最大效应质量浓度(96 h-EC_(50))分别为14.17 mg/L和198.98 mg/L;二者联合胁迫96 h-EC_(50)为0.97 TU,作用模式为部分相加作用。Zn^(2+)和PFOA单一及联合胁迫下,藻细胞Chl a含量和TP含量均显著下降(P<0.05),表明藻细胞光合作用受阻;活性氧(ROS)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著上升(P<0.05),促使细胞膜通透性增强,线粒体膜电位降低;T-AOC和SOD活性也因ROS的过度积累而呈现升高趋势。扫描电镜结果表明,联合胁迫会破坏藻细胞的外部形态。暴露液中总氮和氨氮含量都随污染物暴露浓度的增加而增加,联合暴露组与对照组相比差异更为明显;硝态氮含量始终保持低水平。斜生栅藻对PFOA的去除率仅有2%,对Zn^(2+)去除率为37.5%且随暴露浓度的增加而逐渐降低,表明斜生栅藻可以有效去除锌污染,但对全氟辛酸污染去除效果欠佳。

Postponing AMI to 100 Years: An Emerging Concept

Acute myocardial infarction is a deadly disease, and in the Indian context, it occurs at a younger age, even below the age of 40 years, and sometimes even below 30 years. These young MI patients have high mortality rates, and many of them are not able to reach the hospital. The pathophysiology of AMI is very well understood. AMI is a multifactorial disease and has several risk factors, like dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, diet, etc. However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has a very strong causal relationship with atherosclerosis. Reducing LDL-C to <70 results in the arrest of the progression of atherosclerosis, and slashing its level to below 50 produces the regression of atherosclerosis. The cumulative exposure of LDL-C to the arterial wall is a very strong determinant of atherosclerosis and the development of AMI. The coronary heart disease (CHD) threshold target of LDL-C for the development of AMI is roughly 7000 mg/year. If LDL-C is 100 mg/dL from an early age, the CHD threshold target for the development of AMI will reach 70 years of age. However, if LDL-C target is <70 mg/dL from an early age, the patients will reach the CHD threshold of LDL-C at the age of 100 years. Based on the current science, this is an emerging concept to postpone AMI by several years, even up to 100 years. The goal of LDL-C <70 mg/dL can be achieved by available oral or injectable drugs. Gene editing with CRISPR technology is emerging as a very exciting modality for lowering LDL-C to a very low level for the rest of life.

急性臭氧暴露对大鼠肺泡灌洗液中外泌体miRNA表达谱的影响

目的明确急性臭氧暴露后大鼠肺泡灌洗液来源的外泌体中微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)表达谱的变化,并分析其与肺损伤的潜在关系。方法将成年雄性Wistar大鼠放入气体染毒舱内分别暴露于0、0.5和2 ppm臭氧6 h。实验结束后24 h麻醉大鼠,收集肺泡灌洗液并提取外泌体。采用miRNA-seq技术检测外泌体中差异表达的miRNA,使用miRDB数据库对组间差异表达Top 10 miRNA进行靶基因预测,并对靶基因进行Gene Ontology功能富集和KEGG Pathway分析。利用qRT-PCR方法对表达丰度较高且组内均一性较好的差异表达miRNA进行验证。结果与0 ppm组相比,0.5 ppm组大鼠肺泡灌洗液中外泌体miRNA有8个上调、55个下调,而2 ppm组中有32个上调、61个下调。与0.5 ppm组相比,2 ppm组大鼠肺泡灌洗液中外泌体miRNA有90个上调、74个下调。差异表达Top 10 miRNA的靶基因主要参与调控DNA结合、杂环化合物结合和影响转录等方面,并与癌症、MAPK、PIK3-AKT、TNF、ErbB、线粒体自噬和FoxO等信号通路密切相关。qRT-PCR结果表明测序结果基本可靠。结论急性臭氧暴露可导致大鼠肺泡灌洗液中外泌体miRNA表达谱发生变化,差异miRNA可能参与了臭氧暴露所致的肺组织炎症、肺损伤等病理进程。

超声定量评估兔急性冷暴露肾血流动力学参数改变的实验研究

目的探讨超声定量评估兔急性冷暴露肾血流动力学参数改变的应用价值。方法选取18只健康成年雄性新西兰大白兔,按照时间顺序依次分为4个时段进行处理:T1时段(室温)、T2时段(急性冷暴露)、T3时段(复温第1阶段)及T4时段(继续复温至基础体温),按照急性冷暴露后兔存活或死亡结局分为复温成功组和复温失败组,比较两组各时段兔体温、肾功两项[血清肌酐(CREA)及尿素氮(UREA)],以及右肾动脉超声血流动力学参数[肾段动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)及肾动脉主干PSV、时间平均平均流速(TAMEAN)、管径(d)、血流量(VolFlow)]的差异。结果本实验复温成功组13只;复温失败组5只,其中1只于T3时段失败,4只于T4时段失败。①两组体温比较:两组T2时段体温均较T1时段下降,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);T3时段体温均较T2时段上升,但均未达到T1时段水平,与T1、T2时段比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);复温成功组T4时段体温较T2、T3时段上升,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),且达到T1时段水平,与T1时段比较差异无统计学意义。两组T1~T3时段体温比较差异均无统计学意义。②两组肾功两项比较:两组T2时段CREA均较T1时段升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);两组各时段UREA比较差异均无统计学意义。③两组右肾动脉超声血流动力学参数比较:复温成功组T2时段所有右肾动脉超声血流动力学参数均较T1时段减小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);T3时段肾段动脉PSV及肾动脉主干PSV、TAMEAN均较T2时段增加(均P<0.05),肾动脉主干d、VolFlow均较T2时段增加,但均未达到T1时段水平,与T1时段比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);T4时段所有右肾动脉超声血流动力学参数均较T2时段增加,且肾动脉主干VolFlow较T3时段增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);其余参数各时段两两比较差异均无统计学意义。复温失败组T2时段肾段动脉PSV及肾动脉主干PSV、TAMEAN、VolFlow均较T1时段减小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);T3时段所有右肾动脉超声血流动力学参数与T1、T2时段比较差异均无统计学意义。复温失败组T3时段肾动脉主干PSV、TAMEAN,以及T2时段和T3时段肾动脉主干d、VolFlow均较复温成功组减小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);两组T1~T3时段肾段动脉PSV、T1时段和T2时段肾动脉主干PSV、TAMEAN,以及T1时段肾动脉主干d、VolFlow比较差异均无统计学意义。结论超声在定量评估兔急性冷暴露肾血流动力学参数改变中具有潜在的应用价值。

PITPNC1 promotes the thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue under acute cold exposure

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an essential role in non-shivering thermogenesis. The phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, cytoplasmic 1 (PITPNC1) is identified as a lipid transporter that reciprocally transfers phospholipids between intracellular membrane structures. However, the physiological significance of PITPNC1 and its regulatory mechanism remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that PITPNC1 is a key player in thermogenesis of BAT. While Pitpnc1^(−/−) mice do not differ with wildtype mice in body weight and insulin sensitivity on either chow or high-fat diet, they develop hypothermia when subjected to acute cold exposure at 4℃. The Pitpnc1^(−/−) brown adipocytes exhibit defective β-oxidation and abnormal thermogenesis-related metabolism pathways in mitochondria. The deficiency of lipid mobilization in Pitpnc1^(−/−) brown adipocytes might be the result of excessive accumulation of phosphatidylcholine and a reduction of phosphatidic acid. Our findings have uncovered significant roles of PITPNC1 in mitochondrial phospholipid homeostasis and BAT thermogenesis.

丹芪精颗粒对急进高原人员的防护作用研究

背景 急进高原作训如果缺少阶梯习服或低氧预适应训练,会增加急性高原病(acute mountain sickness,AMS)的发生风险。AMS是因急性缺氧而引起的潜在致命性疾病,可直接导致作训减员。因此,积极进行药物研发,预防AMS发生具有十分重要的意义。目的 观察口服丹芪精颗粒对快速进入高原地区人员急性高原反应的防护作用。方法 以2022年6月某部参加高原训练分队的男性官兵为研究对象,采用前瞻性、随机、对照临床试验设计,共纳入80例18~35岁官兵,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例。治疗组口服丹芪精颗粒(主要由黄芪、丹参、黄精等药物组成),对照组口服红景天胶囊(主要成分为红景天),于进驻高原前7 d开始口服,共给予14 d。比较两组在进驻高原后第1天(T1)、第3天(T2)、第7天(T3)时一般情况、中医证候分级量化表和AMS量表评分、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、IL-8水平及药物安全性指标。结果 两组受试者的收缩压、舒张压、心率、血氧饱和度在各个时间点比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组进驻高原后第7天中医证候积分与第1天比较均显著下降(P<0.05),组间比较治疗组低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.088)。与进驻第1天比较,在进驻第3天、第7天时两组TNF-α、IL-6水平均降低(P<0.01),且治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。IL-8水平及AMS发生率组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肝、肾等指标两组均未见异常。结论 丹芪精颗粒可减少中医证候分级量化表评分,改善急进高原人员临床症状;可能通过降低血清TNF-α、IL-6水平,对急性高原暴露人员发生AMS起到防护作用。

急性镉胁迫时雨久花叶片抗氧化酶活性与光合荧光参数的变化

为研究重金属急性胁迫时水生植物叶片的生理代谢活动变化,以雨久花(Monochoria korsakowii)叶片为研究材料,采用液培法,研究不同浓度Cd^(2+)急性胁迫时,叶片抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素质量分数、光合气体交换参数及叶绿素a荧光特性的变化规律。结果表明:经0.12~0.72 mmol/L Cd^(2+)处理48 h时,雨久花叶片叶绿素质量分数无明显变化,净光合速率(P_(n))、胞间CO_(2)摩尔分数(C_(i))、气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(E)显著下降;0.12~0.48 mmol/L Cd^(2+)处理48 h,叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)及愈创木酚过氧化物酶(GPX)活性显著上升。当Cd^(2+)处理时间延长至96 h时,雨久花叶片叶绿素质量分数、净光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率下降幅度加大,超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性增加。叶绿素荧光参数结果分析表明,急性Cd^(2+)胁迫导致雨久花叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)结构被破坏,从而导致光化学效率降低;同时,与最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))相比,性能指数(PI Inst和PI abs)能够更加准确地表征急性Cd^(2+)胁迫对雨久花叶片光系统Ⅱ反应中心活性的变化。综上,雨久花叶片光合作用对急性Cd^(2+)胁迫敏感,可作为该植物预警水体突发性镉污染的一种候选指标。

新冠肺炎疫情爆发期间媒体暴露对急性应激的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

为探究新冠肺炎疫情爆发期间媒体暴露对急性应激的影响,以及无法忍受不确定性和心理弹性在其中的作用机制,采用媒体暴露问卷、无法忍受不确定性量表、心理弹性量表和斯坦福急性应激反应问卷对1402名中国公民进行调查。结果表明:(1)与疫情相关的媒体暴露正向预测急性应激;(2)无法忍受不确定性在媒体暴露与急性应激之间起部分中介作用;(3)心理弹性调节了媒体暴露对急性应激影响的直接路径以及中介模型的后半段路径。