Super-resolution reconstruction of synthetic-aperture radar image using adaptive-threshold singular value decomposition technique

A super-resolution reconstruction approach of radar image using an adaptive-threshold singular value decomposition (SVD) technique was presented,and its performance was analyzed,compared and assessed detailedly.First,radar imaging model and super-resolution reconstruction mechanism were outlined.Then,the adaptive-threshold SVD super-resolution algorithm,and its two key aspects,namely the determination method of point spread function (PSF) matrix T and the selection scheme of singular value threshold,were presented.Finally,the super-resolution algorithm was demonstrated successfully using the measured synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images,and a Monte Carlo assessment was carried out to evaluate the performance of the algorithm by using the input/output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).Five versions of SVD algorithms,namely 1) using all singular values,2) using the top 80% singular values,3) using the top 50% singular values,4) using the top 20% singular values and 5) using singular values s such that s2≥max(s2)/rinSNR were tested.The experimental results indicate that when the singular value threshold is set as smax/(rinSNR)1/2,the super-resolution algorithm provides a good compromise between too much noise and too much bias and has good reconstruction results.

Analysis of heart rate variability based on singular value decomposition entropy

Assessing the dynamics of heart rate fluctuations can provide valuable information about heart status. In this study, regularity of heart rate variability （HRV） of heart failure patients and healthy persons using the concept of singular value decomposition entropy （SvdEn） is analyzed. SvdEn is calculated from the time series using normalized singular values. The advantage of this method is its simplicity and fast computation. It enables analysis of very short and non-stationary data sets. The results show that SvdEn of patients with congestive heart failure （CHF） shows a low value （SvdEn： 0.056±0.006, p 〈 0.01） which can be completely separated from healthy subjects. In addition, differences of SvdEn values between day and night are found for the healthy groups. SvdEn decreases with age. The lower the SvdEn values, the higher the risk of heart disease. Moreover, SvdEn is associated with the energy of heart rhythm. The results show that using SvdEn for discriminating HRV in different physiological states for clinical applications is feasible and simple.

The Singular Value Decomposition as a Tool of Investigating Central MHD Instabilities in the HL-1M Tokamak

A variety of strong MHD instabilities are always resulted from MHD activity of Tokamak plasmas. Central MHD instabilities can be observed with pinhole cameras to record soft x-ray (SXR) emission from the plasma along many chords with a high temporal resolution. The investigation of MHD instabilities often necessitates an analysis on spatial-temporal signals. The method of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) can split such signals into orthogonal spatial and temporal vectors. By this means, the repetition time and the characteristic radius of various MHD phenomena such as sawteeth and snake-like perturbation can be obtained. Moreover, the (1,1) MHD mode is analyzed in great detail by SVD and used to determine the radius of the q = 1 surface.

基于SVD的复数UKF及电力系统对称分量估计

电力系统对称分量的检测对于电力系统安全稳定的运行具有很重要的意义。利用复数域无迹卡尔曼滤波算法,对三相电压系统的正负序分量及频率进行了估计。为了提高复数无迹卡尔曼滤波的参数估计精度及算法稳定性,引入最优自适应因子并对预测协方差矩阵进行SVD分解,提出了基于SVD的自适应CUKF算法。为消除零序分量,对三相电压分量进行αβ变换,定义了复数形式的状态变量,建立了非线性状态方程及观测方程,实现了正序、负序对称分量估计。通过与普通复数域无迹卡尔曼滤波算法对比,所提研究方法在估计精度及收敛速度等方面优于传统无迹卡尔曼滤波方法。

基于SVD-K-means算法的软扩频信号伪码序列盲估计

针对通信中软扩频信号伪码序列盲估计困难的问题,提出一种奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)和K-means聚类相结合的方法。该方法先对接收信号按照一倍伪码周期进行不重叠分段构造数据矩阵。其次对数据矩阵和相似性矩阵分别进行SVD完成对伪码序列集合规模数的估计、数据降噪、粗分类以及初始聚类中心的选取。最后通过K-means算法优化分类结果,得到伪码序列的估计值。该算法在聚类之前事先确定聚类数目,大大减少了迭代次数。同时实验结果表明,该算法在信息码元分组小于5 bit,信噪比大于-10 dB时可以准确估计出软扩频信号的伪码序列,性能较同类算法有所提升。

二级减速器故障系统建模及SVD-MMSE劣化评估

为检测故障齿轮劣化程度并进行有效的程度评估,通过有限元法建立含有正常、裂纹和断齿等3种齿轮状态的二级直齿轮减速器系统模型。首先,分别计算3种状态的齿轮时变啮合刚度,并综合考虑轴承支撑刚度,得到了3种不同状态下的轴承振动响应;其次,引入多元多尺度样本熵(multivariate multiscale sample entropy,简称MMSE)对故障齿轮的劣化程度进行分析;最后,引进奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,简称SVD)算法进行预处理,以达到更好的诊断效果来综合评定故障齿轮生命周期的劣化程度。结果表明:齿轮发生故障时,主要导致时频域信号发生转频调制,时域存在有规律的冲击,频域出现边频带,且分布在输入轴的转频及其倍频和啮频及其倍频处;随着故障程度的增加,劣化越发明显,频率成分也发生改变,致使MMSE值也随之变化,且整体呈单调递减趋势;SVD-MMSE算法能有效地对齿轮故障程度进行判别,降低了噪声对于劣化程度检测准确性的影响。

A Novel Color Image Watermarking Method with Adaptive Scaling Factor Using Similarity-Based Edge Region

This study aimed to deal with three challenges:robustness,imperceptibility,and capacity in the image watermarking field.To reach a high capacity,a novel similarity-based edge detection algorithm was developed that finds more edge points than traditional techniques.The colored watermark image was created by inserting a randomly generated message on the edge points detected by this algorithm.To ensure robustness and imperceptibility,watermark and cover images were combined in the high-frequency subbands using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition.In the watermarking stage,the watermark image was weighted by the adaptive scaling factor calculated by the standard deviation of the similarity image.According to the results,the proposed edge-based color image watermarking technique has achieved high payload capacity,imperceptibility,and robustness to all attacks.In addition,the highest performance values were obtained against rotation attack,to which sufficient robustness has not been reached in the related studies.

基于CEEMDAN-WSVD组合串扰消除法车内噪声源识别

为解决车内噪声源识别中结构路径易受外部因素干扰,以及多源振动串扰影响,导致采集的工况数据存在噪声等问题,提出基于自适应噪声的完备集合经验模态分解(Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise,CEEMDAN)的CEEMDAN-WSVD组合去噪法,该方法利用自适应加噪特征避免模态混叠现象发生,引入样本熵对高频含噪分量进行小波变换(Wavelet Transform,WT),实现一层降噪后进行重构;并采用奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)对重构信号获取主分向量,同时使用主分量衰减方法剔除较小主分量,实现二层降噪。运用模拟仿真信号验证上述方法对复杂含噪信号有降噪效果。通过对采集的工况数据降噪处理,计算路径传递率并得到贡献量。将各降噪方法应用于工况传递路径模型中对比分析,发现经过本文方法降噪后模型的合成响应与实测响应准确性较高,降噪效果较优。

DeepSVDNet:A Deep Learning-Based Approach for Detecting and Classifying Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Images

Artificial Intelligence(AI)is being increasingly used for diagnosing Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy(VTDR),which is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide.However,previous automated VTDR detection methods have mainly relied on manual feature extraction and classification,leading to errors.This paper proposes a novel VTDR detection and classification model that combines different models through majority voting.Our proposed methodology involves preprocessing,data augmentation,feature extraction,and classification stages.We use a hybrid convolutional neural network-singular value decomposition(CNN-SVD)model for feature extraction and selection and an improved SVM-RBF with a Decision Tree(DT)and K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN)for classification.We tested our model on the IDRiD dataset and achieved an accuracy of 98.06%,a sensitivity of 83.67%,and a specificity of 100%for DR detection and evaluation tests,respectively.Our proposed approach outperforms baseline techniques and provides a more robust and accurate method for VTDR detection.

基于WPT-CEEMDAN-SVD的齿轮箱故障诊断

针对在含噪声情况下难以精确地进行齿轮箱故障诊断的问题,将采集到的原始信号进行小波包分解,根据故障齿轮的啮合频率选取合适的小波包对信号进行重构,得到初步降噪信号;利用CEEMDAN对初步降噪信号进行分解,绘制各IMF分量的相关系数与峰度变化曲线图并选择相关系数较大的分量进行重构;通过奇异值分解对信号进一步降噪,并对最终信号频谱图对比分析,判断故障部位及类型。结果表明:该方法能根据实际需求有效提取到特定频率段内的特征频率谱线,优于直接对信号使用时频分析进行处理的结果。

基于SVD-SUKF的水下机器人电池SOC估计

荷电状态(SOC)的准确估计关系到水下机器人的电池使用效率与任务规划。针对传统SOC估计算法存在的准确性、稳定性和鲁棒性不足等问题,提出一种奇异值分解增强的球型无迹卡尔曼滤波(SVD-SUKF)SOC估计算法。建立2阶Thevenin电路模型,并使用遗忘因子递推最小二乘法对模型参数进行在线辨识;在无迹卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上引入球型无迹变换和奇异值分解,避免繁琐的调参过程、减少算法计算量以及解决算法的协方差矩阵非正定问题;采用城市道路循环工况对SVD-SUKF算法进行验证。结果表明:SVD-SUKF算法收敛速度较快,平均绝对值误差为0.006 8、均方根误差为0.005 6,算法相较于扩展卡尔曼滤波和无迹卡尔曼滤波有更高的估计精度、更好的稳定性和更强的鲁棒性。

基于DT-CWT和SVD的变电站直流系统接地故障检测技术研究

变电站直流系统的状态直接关系到变电站的正常运行,为了对变电站直流系统出现的接地故障快速、准确定位,提出了一种双树复小波变换(DT-CWT)和奇异值分解(SVD)相结合的变电站直流系统接地故障检测新方法。该方法首先利用DT-CWT对支路电流信号进行分解来构建Hankel矩阵;然后对Hankel矩阵进行SVD分解,得到一系列奇异特征值;再次,利用相邻奇异值差值构建奇异值差分谱,通过奇异值差分谱最大峰值来保留有效的奇异值个数;最后,利用保留的奇异值来重构低频信号。算例分析结果表明,该方法能够准确地从支路电流信号中提取出低频交流信号,可以对变电站直流系统接地故障进行准确定位,很大程度上减小对地电容对检测精度的影响。

时域与频域自适应SVD融合去噪算法

时域方法在地震同相轴倾斜或弯曲时,难以保证去噪的有效性;频域方法在信号频带较宽时,会衰减过多信号。基于此,提出一种时域与频域自适应奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)融合去噪算法。该算法包含分解与融合技术:在分解技术中,根据奇异值二阶差分谱,在时域与频域中分别进行自适应去噪,得到两个分解矩阵;在融合技术中,提出了用于评估分解矩阵的一致度,利用融合策略得到融合矩阵,最后根据局部相似性调整得到去噪矩阵。在合成与野外数据集上与一些算法进行了对比实验,结果表明,所提算法能够更有效地压制噪声。

基于峭度原则的VMD-SVD微型电机声音信号降噪方法

微型电机运转时的声音信号包含丰富的状态信息,可用于生产线上电机的快速检测,但由于待测电机体积小、声音能量低,采集过程中声音信号易与环境噪声耦合,导致声音信号提取和检测不准确。该文通过研究电机组成结构,分析声音信号频率成分与成因,得到该文研究电机的声音信号3倍频谐波特点,提出一种基于峭度原则的VMDSVD算法对电机声音信号进行提纯降噪,该算法采用VMD分段原理,对各分段信号进行SVD分解,提取谐波特征,利用峭度原则优化VMD参数选取。首先通过仿真信号对比实验,验证了该文算法具有更好的降噪效果和降噪性能指标。而后,将该方法应用于微型电机实测声音信号,测试结果表明提出的基于峭度原则VMD-SVD算法具有良好降噪效果,能够显著提高原始信号信噪比,更利于后续特征提取和故障检测工作。

基于参数优化的VMD-SVD和LSTM的输电杆塔倾斜状态识别

针对输电杆塔结构状态信息提取难度大、精度低等问题,提出了一种基于北方苍鹰算法优化的变分模态分解(northern goshawk optimized variational mode decomposition,NGO-VMD)与长短期记忆(long shortterm memory,LSTM)神经网络的输电杆塔倾斜状态识别方案。通过北方苍鹰优化算法解决了变分模态分解参数难确定的问题,并且证明其分解的各阶本征模态分量(intrinsic mode function,IMF)可以有效提取出杆塔结构的模态信息。为了使信息特征更为明显,对IMF分量进行奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD),发现各阶分量的奇异值在杆塔不同状态下有较为明显的区别。最后引入LSTM神经网络进行特征分类,形成故障诊断模型。依托某110kV猫头塔对模型进行试验验证,结果表明:所提方法对杆塔倾斜状态的识别准确率为96.68%,与其他方法相比,具有效率更高、稳定性更强、更加精准的优势。

Application of Singular Value Decomposition(SVD)to the Extraction of Gravity Anomalies Associated with Ag-Pb-Zn-W Polymetallic Mineralization in the Bozhushan Ore Field,Southwestern China

The Bozhushan Ore Field,located at the western margin of the South China Block,is an important area for Ag-Pb-Zn-W polymetallic mineralization which may be associated with the Late Cretaceous granitic magmaism.In this paper,the singular value decomposition(SVD)was effectively applied to decompose gravity data at scale of 1:50000 within the Bozhushan Ore Field to extract deep ore-finding information.Two gravity anomaly images displaying different scales of the ore-controlling factors were obtained.(1)The low-pass filtered image may reflect the deeply buried geological structures,hidden intrusions and concealed ore bodies.The negative gravity anomaly may reflect the overall distribution of granite bodies in the Bozhushan Ore Field.One negative gravity anomaly area may correspond to the exposed part of the Baozhushan granitic intrusion and the other corresponds to the concealed part of the granitic intrusion.The granitic intrusions are the main ore-controlling factors in this ore district.(2)The band-pass filtered image depicts the shallow concealed geological structures and geological bodies within this study area.There are two obvious negative gravity anomalies,which may be created by the hidden granites at different depths at both northwestern and southeastern sides of the exposed granitic intrusion.Thus the two negative gravity anomalies are favorable prospecting areas for various type of polymetallic ore deposits at depth.The gravity anomalies extracted by using the SVD exactly reflect the distribution of the ore deposits,structures and intrusions,which will give new insights for further mineral exploration in the study area.

基于MRSVD-SVD与VPMCD的交叉滚子轴承故障诊断研究

针对奇异值分解(SVD)提取工业机器人交叉滚子轴承振动信号微弱故障特征分量时,出现奇异值分辨率不足的问题,提出了一种基于最大分辨率奇异值分解(MRSVD)-奇异值分解(SVD)与变量预测模型模式识别(VPMCD)的工业机器人交叉滚子轴承的故障诊断方法。首先,以最大奇异值分辨率原则将一维振动信号构造成了Hankel矩阵,采用奇异值分解方法对Hankel矩阵进行了分解,得到了其奇异值序列,根据奇异值曲率谱理论选择有效奇异值,并进行了重构,得到了经降噪后的高信噪比信号,以重构信号构建了相空间矩阵,进行了二次奇异值分解,得到了其故障特征分量;然后,计算了故障特征分量的特征参数,构建了其特征向量;最后,采用了VPMCD分析了特征向量,完成了对交叉滚子轴承故障类型的识别,并与其它方法进行了识别准确率对比。研究结果表明:采用该方法对工业机器人交叉滚子轴承进行故障诊断,得到的故障类型识别准确率为98.66%,比SVD与共振解调相结合方法提高了9%;该方法通过构建最大奇异值分辨率矩阵提高了奇异值分辨率,可完整提取出工业机器人交叉滚子轴承振动信号的微弱故障特征分量,获得了更高的故障类型识别准确率。

Development of the Decoupled Discreet-Time Jacobian Eigenvalue Approximation for Situational Awareness Utilizing Open PDC

With the increased number of PMUs in the power grid, effective high speed, realtime methods to ascertain relevant data for situational awareness are needed. Several techniques have used data from PMUs in conjunction with state estimation to assess system stability and event detection. However, these techniques require system topology and a large computational time. This paper presents a novel approach that uses real-time PMU data streams without the need of system connectivity or additional state estimation. The new development is based on the approximation of the eigenvalues related to the decoupled discreet-time power flow Jacobian matrix using direct openPDC data in real-time. Results are compared with other methods, such as Prony’s method, which can be too slow to handle big data. The newly developed Discreet-Time Jacobian Eigenvalue Approximation (DDJEA) method not only proves its accuracy, but also shows its effectiveness with minimal computational time: an essential element when considering situational awareness.

基于STA/LTA改进的CEEMD-SVD微震信号降噪算法

针对煤矿井下工作环境复杂,采集到的微震信号包含大量噪声信号,严重影响对微震信号的拾取、定位和反演。采用互补集合经验模态分解(complementary set empirical mode decomposition, CEEMD)联合奇异值分解(singular value decomposition, SVD)与长短时窗法(STA/LTA)相结合的降噪算法。利用CEEMD分解微震信号,得到固有模态分量(inherent modal component, IMF),依据相关系数确定噪声主导的IMF和信号主导的IMF,通过STA/LTA去除CEEMD产生的伪分量。对噪声主导的分量进行SVD分解降噪后与信号主导的分量及剩余分量重构得到降噪后信号。加入模拟噪声信号与实际采集的微震信号进行仿真实验,结果表明本文算法在保证小剩余噪声干扰的情况下,可以节省计算时间。通过与经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition, EMD)、聚合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition, EEMD)及新型自适应聚合经验模态分解(novel adaptive ensemble empirical mode decomposition, NAEEMD)降噪方法进行对比,依据信噪比、能量百分比及标准差三个评价指标进行定量计算,实验表明该方法具有更好的降噪效果。

基于SVD-WT的电机局部放电去噪方法研究

局部放电(PD)在线监测是高压电机状态监测的常用技术。然而现场的噪声干扰难以避免,最常见的噪声是白噪声和周期性窄带噪声。为此提出一种结合奇异值分解与小波变换(SVD-WT)的去噪方法,对原始PD信号进行SVD分解,通过计算奇异值序列的峭度值,自适应的选取需要重构奇异值实现周期性窄带噪声的去除;通过计算滑动窗内信号的方差值,确定PD信号的起始位置;对无PD发生的位置进行置零,得到去除噪声后的PD信号。通过对仿真和实测的PD信号进行去噪分析,与经验模态分解与小波变换(EMD-WT)和自适应奇异值分解(ASVD)进行对比分析,仿真和实测的PD信号去噪结果表明,SVD-WT方法具有优异的性能。