Bioactive substances found in plants are very interesting because of their importance in medicine and foods. Species of Pfaffia genre is common in Brazil, the largest center of collection of this species. Statistics r...Bioactive substances found in plants are very interesting because of their importance in medicine and foods. Species of Pfaffia genre is common in Brazil, the largest center of collection of this species. Statistics report that 11,000 tons of roots and other plants were exported in 2011. Due to the large market demand, a growth of 10% per year is estimated. One of the promising areas of study involves the supercritical fluid extraction of active compounds present in plants. The current goal is to reduce dependence on foreign markets. The extraction of bioactive compound known as Beta-Ecdysone has been studied. Statistics show that profits of exports coming from the raw material is almost ten times smaller than the extract itself. Considering this fact, we emphasize the importance of an alternative method of industrial extraction in Brazil using supercritical technology, which proves to be environmentally safe.展开更多
Background:Stressful life experiences are associated with neurobehavioral abnormalities,such as anxiogenic-related depression and cognitive decline.Reportedly,adaptogens are well known to modulate stress-related re-sp...Background:Stressful life experiences are associated with neurobehavioral abnormalities,such as anxiogenic-related depression and cognitive decline.Reportedly,adaptogens are well known to modulate stress-related re-sponses and promote resilience.Objective:This study aimed to assess the potential mechanisms and adaptogenic properties of diosgenin(DG),a phytosteroidal sapogenin with neuroendocrine protective effects,in chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced anxiogenic-depression and cognitive deficits in mice.Methods:During the 21-day study,mice were divided into five groups,and were daily treated with 5%dimethyl sulfoxide(control and CUMS model),diosgenin(25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg)or fluoxetine(10 mg/kg)orally,re-spectively,followed by 21-item CUMS paradigm exposure,except for the control group.Mice were examined for anxiety,depression and cognitive-like features using relevant neurobehavioral paradigms.Biomarkers of ox-idative stress,nitrite level,pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-𝛼,IL-6),acetylcholinesterase(AChE),glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD),and monoamine oxidase-B(MAOB)were measured in the prefrontal cortex,striatum,and hippocampal regions of the brain.Also,adrenal hypertrophy,serum corticosterone and glucose levels as a mea-sure of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal(HPA)axis involvement were examined.Results:DG ameliorated CUMS-induced behavioral anomaly,as characterized by the increased duration of groom-ing bouts in the sucrose preference test;decreased duration of immobility in the tail suspension and forced swim tests;anxiolytic effects in the elevated-plus maze,hole-board,light/dark compartment tests,as well as cognitive impairments indexed by the Y-maze and object recognition tests were reversed by DG respectively.DG remarkably decreased adrenal hypertrophy and elevated serum levels of corticosterone and glucose in CUMS mice.Conclusion:Conclusively,DG exhibits antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like actions with memory enhancement in the CUMS mouse model,and thus could serve as an alternative agent for the management of depression and anxiety associated with cognitive decline in clinical settings.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the anti-stress activity of standardized extract of Fumaria indica (FI) through validated beha-vioral models of rodents followed by estimation of biochemical changes associated with chronic stre...Objective: To evaluate the anti-stress activity of standardized extract of Fumaria indica (FI) through validated beha-vioral models of rodents followed by estimation of biochemical changes associated with chronic stress. Methods: Fifty percent ethanolic extract of FI used in this study was standardized on its contents of fumaric acid and its conjugates (0.45% and 0.35% respectively). Stressed Charles Foster rats received unpredictable foot shocks (2 mA, 1 hr, 14 days) through electric grid. FI was given orally as 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) suspension in 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. For comparison, Panax ginseng (PG) extract (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as standard adaptogen. Incidence of gastric ulceration, changes in weight of adrenal and spleen, behavioral depression, cognitive dysfunction test and suppression of sexual behavior in male rats were used as validated behavioral models. Plasma corticosterone, brain levels of lipid peroxides (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and expression of cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 in circulating white blood cells (WBC) were quantified for ascertaining biochemical changes accompanying stress. Results: As compared to vehicle treated stressed rats, the FI and PG treated rats showed fewer incidence of gastric ulceration, reversal of changes in weight of adrenal gland and spleen, reversal of behavioral depression, better performance in passive and active avoidance tests for cognitive function and increased sexual activity. FI and PG significantly decreased chronic unpredictable stress induced elevation of corticosterone, and both extracts normalized also the abnormal oxidative status of the brain observed in stressed rats. FI treatment also suppressed the elevated level of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 in stressed animals. Conclusions: FI could be another adaptogenic herb and fumaric acid and its conjugates are possibly involved in observed bioactivity of its extract.展开更多
In the present paper are discussed the results of the investigations of the phenylpropanoids of the medicinal plants which are of the great interest as the sources of the neurotropic, adaptogenic, immunostimulating, a...In the present paper are discussed the results of the investigations of the phenylpropanoids of the medicinal plants which are of the great interest as the sources of the neurotropic, adaptogenic, immunostimulating, antioxidative, and hepatoprotective preparations. There were shown the necessity of using of the standard samples of triandrin (Rhodiola rosea L. tissue cultures, Salix viminalis L. barks), rosavin (Rhodiola rosea L. rhizomes), syringin, or eleutheroside B [Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. rhizomes, Syringa vulgaris L. barks], and silybin [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. fruits] for purpose of the standardization of the corresponding drugs and pharmaceuticals. It was shown also the significance of γ-schizandrin, chicoric acid, rosmarinic acid and lavandoside for purposes of the standardization of raw material and preparations of Schizandra chinensis Baill. fruits and seeds, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. herbs, Melissa officinalis L. herbs and Lavandula spica L. flowers respectively.展开更多
Oplopanax elatus(Nakai) Nakai, a member of the ancient angiosperm plant family Araliaceae, is used for the treatment of different disorders in the medicine systems of China, Russia, and Korea, and was designated in Ru...Oplopanax elatus(Nakai) Nakai, a member of the ancient angiosperm plant family Araliaceae, is used for the treatment of different disorders in the medicine systems of China, Russia, and Korea, and was designated in Russia as a classical adaptogen. Despite extensive studies of classical adaptogens, there are comparatively few reports concerning the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of O. elatus in English. The plant is a potential source of saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenes, and other active compounds. Experimental studies and clinical applications have indicated that O. elatus possesses a number of pharmacological activities, including adaptogenic, anti-convulsant, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, blood pressure modulating, and reproductive function effects. In this review, the chemistry, safety, and therapeutic potential of O. elatus are summarized and highlighted to encourage the further development of this plant.展开更多
文摘Bioactive substances found in plants are very interesting because of their importance in medicine and foods. Species of Pfaffia genre is common in Brazil, the largest center of collection of this species. Statistics report that 11,000 tons of roots and other plants were exported in 2011. Due to the large market demand, a growth of 10% per year is estimated. One of the promising areas of study involves the supercritical fluid extraction of active compounds present in plants. The current goal is to reduce dependence on foreign markets. The extraction of bioactive compound known as Beta-Ecdysone has been studied. Statistics show that profits of exports coming from the raw material is almost ten times smaller than the extract itself. Considering this fact, we emphasize the importance of an alternative method of industrial extraction in Brazil using supercritical technology, which proves to be environmentally safe.
文摘Background:Stressful life experiences are associated with neurobehavioral abnormalities,such as anxiogenic-related depression and cognitive decline.Reportedly,adaptogens are well known to modulate stress-related re-sponses and promote resilience.Objective:This study aimed to assess the potential mechanisms and adaptogenic properties of diosgenin(DG),a phytosteroidal sapogenin with neuroendocrine protective effects,in chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced anxiogenic-depression and cognitive deficits in mice.Methods:During the 21-day study,mice were divided into five groups,and were daily treated with 5%dimethyl sulfoxide(control and CUMS model),diosgenin(25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg)or fluoxetine(10 mg/kg)orally,re-spectively,followed by 21-item CUMS paradigm exposure,except for the control group.Mice were examined for anxiety,depression and cognitive-like features using relevant neurobehavioral paradigms.Biomarkers of ox-idative stress,nitrite level,pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-𝛼,IL-6),acetylcholinesterase(AChE),glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD),and monoamine oxidase-B(MAOB)were measured in the prefrontal cortex,striatum,and hippocampal regions of the brain.Also,adrenal hypertrophy,serum corticosterone and glucose levels as a mea-sure of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal(HPA)axis involvement were examined.Results:DG ameliorated CUMS-induced behavioral anomaly,as characterized by the increased duration of groom-ing bouts in the sucrose preference test;decreased duration of immobility in the tail suspension and forced swim tests;anxiolytic effects in the elevated-plus maze,hole-board,light/dark compartment tests,as well as cognitive impairments indexed by the Y-maze and object recognition tests were reversed by DG respectively.DG remarkably decreased adrenal hypertrophy and elevated serum levels of corticosterone and glucose in CUMS mice.Conclusion:Conclusively,DG exhibits antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like actions with memory enhancement in the CUMS mouse model,and thus could serve as an alternative agent for the management of depression and anxiety associated with cognitive decline in clinical settings.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the anti-stress activity of standardized extract of Fumaria indica (FI) through validated beha-vioral models of rodents followed by estimation of biochemical changes associated with chronic stress. Methods: Fifty percent ethanolic extract of FI used in this study was standardized on its contents of fumaric acid and its conjugates (0.45% and 0.35% respectively). Stressed Charles Foster rats received unpredictable foot shocks (2 mA, 1 hr, 14 days) through electric grid. FI was given orally as 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) suspension in 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. For comparison, Panax ginseng (PG) extract (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as standard adaptogen. Incidence of gastric ulceration, changes in weight of adrenal and spleen, behavioral depression, cognitive dysfunction test and suppression of sexual behavior in male rats were used as validated behavioral models. Plasma corticosterone, brain levels of lipid peroxides (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and expression of cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 in circulating white blood cells (WBC) were quantified for ascertaining biochemical changes accompanying stress. Results: As compared to vehicle treated stressed rats, the FI and PG treated rats showed fewer incidence of gastric ulceration, reversal of changes in weight of adrenal gland and spleen, reversal of behavioral depression, better performance in passive and active avoidance tests for cognitive function and increased sexual activity. FI and PG significantly decreased chronic unpredictable stress induced elevation of corticosterone, and both extracts normalized also the abnormal oxidative status of the brain observed in stressed rats. FI treatment also suppressed the elevated level of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 in stressed animals. Conclusions: FI could be another adaptogenic herb and fumaric acid and its conjugates are possibly involved in observed bioactivity of its extract.
文摘In the present paper are discussed the results of the investigations of the phenylpropanoids of the medicinal plants which are of the great interest as the sources of the neurotropic, adaptogenic, immunostimulating, antioxidative, and hepatoprotective preparations. There were shown the necessity of using of the standard samples of triandrin (Rhodiola rosea L. tissue cultures, Salix viminalis L. barks), rosavin (Rhodiola rosea L. rhizomes), syringin, or eleutheroside B [Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. rhizomes, Syringa vulgaris L. barks], and silybin [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. fruits] for purpose of the standardization of the corresponding drugs and pharmaceuticals. It was shown also the significance of γ-schizandrin, chicoric acid, rosmarinic acid and lavandoside for purposes of the standardization of raw material and preparations of Schizandra chinensis Baill. fruits and seeds, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. herbs, Melissa officinalis L. herbs and Lavandula spica L. flowers respectively.
文摘Oplopanax elatus(Nakai) Nakai, a member of the ancient angiosperm plant family Araliaceae, is used for the treatment of different disorders in the medicine systems of China, Russia, and Korea, and was designated in Russia as a classical adaptogen. Despite extensive studies of classical adaptogens, there are comparatively few reports concerning the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of O. elatus in English. The plant is a potential source of saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenes, and other active compounds. Experimental studies and clinical applications have indicated that O. elatus possesses a number of pharmacological activities, including adaptogenic, anti-convulsant, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, blood pressure modulating, and reproductive function effects. In this review, the chemistry, safety, and therapeutic potential of O. elatus are summarized and highlighted to encourage the further development of this plant.
