Allicin as add-on therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Allicin(2-propene-1-sulfinothioic acid S-2-propenyl ester,diallyl thiosulfinate)extracted from garlic,has proven activity against Helicobacter pylori(H.Pylori)infection.In recent years,clinical trials have explored its utility as an add-on therapy with variable outcomes reported.AIM To perform a systemic review of allicin as an add-on treatment for H.Pylori infection and assess its efficacy in randomized controlled trials(RCTs).METHODS Electronic databases including MEDLINE,EMBASE,the Web of Science,the Cochrane Database,the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Chinese VIP Information Databases,Chinese Medical Databases,and the Wan-Fang Database were searched for keywords including“allicin”,“Helicobacter pylori”,“randomized clinical trials”,and their synonyms.A meta-analysis was performed using the fixed-effects model for low heterogeneity and the randomeffects model for high heterogeneity with sensitivity analysis.Bias was evaluated using Egger’s tests.Trial sequential analysis(TSA)was used to evaluate information size and treatment benefits.The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to assess the level of quality,and studies were classed as“high quality”,“moderate quality”,“low quality”,and“very low quality”.RESULTS A total of eight RCTs consisting of 867 participants(435 from the allicin group and 432 from the control group)were included.Eradication rate in the allicin group(93.33%,406/435)was significantly higher than that of the control group(83.56%,361/432)[I2=0%,odds ratio(OR)=2.75,95%confidence interval(CI):1.74-4.35,P<0.001].The healing rate of ulcers following H.pylori therapy in the allicin group(86.17%,349/405)was significantly higher than that of the control group(75.87%,305/402)[I2=0%,OR=2.05,95%CI:1.39-3.03,P<0.001].The total remission rate of peptic ulcers across all allicin groups was 95.99%,which was significantly higher than that of controls[95.99%(359/374)vs 89.25%(332/372),I2=0,heterogeneity P=0.84,OR=3.13,95%CI:1.51-6.51,P=0.002].No significant differences in side effects were observed.TSA suggested that the trials were of sufficient standard to draw reliable conclusions.The quality of outcomes including eradication rates and side effects was graded as“very low”due to downgrades for“risk of bias”and“indirectness”.Other outcomes such as ulcer healing rates and total ulcer remission rates were graded as"low"due to downgrades for“risk of bias”.CONCLUSION Allicin as an add-on therapy improves H.pylori eradication,healing of ulcers,and remission of symptoms.These results are suggested to be treated with caution due to limited quality.

Add-on pegylated interferon augments hepatitis B surface antigen clearance vs continuous nucleos(t)ide analog monotherapy in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B surface antigen≤1500 IU/mL:An observational study

BACKGROUND Nucleos(t)ide analog(NA)has shown limited effectiveness against hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance in chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of add-on peginterferonα-2a(peg-IFNα-2a)to an ongoing NA regimen in CHB patients.METHODS In this observational study,195 CHB patients with HBsAg≤1500 IU/m L,hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-negative(including HBeAg-negative patients or HBeAg-positive patients who achieved HBeAg-negative after antiviral treatment with NA)and hepatitis B virus-deoxyribonucleic acid<1.0×10^2 IU/mL after over 1 year of NA therapy were enrolled between November 2015 and December2018 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,China.Patients were given the choice between receiving either peg-IFNα-2a add-on therapy to an ongoing NA regimen(add-on group,n=91)or continuous NA monotherapy(monotherapy group,n=104)after being informed of the benefits and risks of the peg-IFNα-2a therapy.Total therapy duration of peg-IFNα-2a was 48 wk.All patients were followed-up to week 72(24 wk after discontinuation of peg-IFNα-2a).The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with HBsAg clearance at week 72.RESULTS Demographic and baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups.Intention-to-treatment analysis showed that the HBsAg clearance rate in the add-on group and monotherapy group was 37.4%(34/91)and 1.9%(2/104)at week 72,respectively.The HBsAg seroconversion rate in the add-on group was 29.7%(27/91)at week 72,and no patient in the monotherapy group achieved HBsAg seroconversion at week 72.The HBsAg clearance and seroconversion rates in the add-on group were significantly higher than in the monotherapy group at week 72(P<0.001).Younger patients,lower baseline HBsAg concentration,lower HBsAg concentrations at weeks 12 and 24,greater HBsAg decline from baseline to weeks 12 and 24 and the alanine aminotransferase≥2×upper limit of normal during the first 12 wk of therapy were strong predictors of HBsAg clearance in patients with peg-IFNα-2a add-on treatment.Regarding the safety of the treatment,4.4%(4/91)of patients in the add-on group discontinued peg-IFNα-2a due to adverse events.No severe adverse events were noted.CONCLUSION Peg-IFNα-2a as an add-on therapy augments HBsAg clearance in HBeAg-negative CHB patients with HBsAg≤1500 IU/m L after over 1 year of NA therapy.

Add-on therapy of herbal formulation rich in standardized fenugreek seed extract in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with insulin therapy: An efficacy and safety study

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of herbal formulation rich in standardized fenugreek seed extract(IND-2) add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients who were on insulin treatment in prospective, single arm, open-label, uncontrolled, multicentre trial.Methods: T2DM patients(n=30) with aged 18-80 years who were stabilized on insulin treatment with fasting blood sugar(FBS) level between 100-140 mg/dL received IND-2 capsules(700 mg, thrice a day) for 16 weeks.The primary endpoints were an assessment of FBS at week 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16.Secondary end-points include post-prandial blood sugar level, glycosylated Hb(HbA1c), reduction in the dose of insulin and number of hypoglycemic attacks, and improvement in lipid profile at various weeks.Safety and adverse events(AEs) were also assessed during the study.Results: Study was completed in twenty T2DM patients, and there was no significant reduction in FBS and post-prandial blood sugar level after addon therapy of IND-2.However, add-on therapy of IND-2 significantly reduced(P<0.01) the HbA1c values, requirements of insulin and hypoglycemic events as compared with baseline.Total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteincholesterol levels were significantly increased(P<0.01) after IND-2 add-on therapy.Body weight and safety outcomes did not differ significantly in IND-2 add-on therapy group at week 16.Additionally, add-on therapy of IND-2 did not produce any serious adverse events.Conclusions: The results of present investigation suggest that add-on therapy of IND-2 with insulin in T2DM patients improves glycaemic control through a decrease in levels of HbA1c and number of insulin doses needed per day without an increase in body weight and risk of hypoglycemia.Thus, IND-2 may provide a safe and well-tolerated add-on therapy option for the management of T2DM.

Exercise-induced modulation of miR-149-5p and MMP9 in LPS-triggered diabetic myoblast ER stress: licorice glycoside E as a potential therapeutic target

Background:This study explores the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and diabetes,particularly focusing on the impact of physical exercise on ER stress mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic drugs and targets for diabetes-related sepsis.The research also incorporates traditional physical therapy perspectives,emphasizing the genomic insights gained from exercise therapy in disease management and prevention.Methods:Gene analysis was conducted on the GSE168796 and GSE94717 datasets to identify ER stress-related genes.Gene interactions and immune cell correlations were mapped using GeneCard and STRING databases.A screening of 2,456 compounds from the TCMSP database was performed to identify potential therapeutic agents,with a focus on their docking potential.Techniques such as luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA interference were used to examine the interactions between microRNA-149-5p and MMP9.Results:The study identified 2,006 differentially expressed genes and 616 miRNAs.Key genes like MMP9,TNF-α,and IL1B were linked to an immunosuppressive state.Licorice glycoside E demonstrated high affinity for MMP9,suggesting its potential effectiveness in treating diabetes.The constructed miRNA network highlighted the regulatory roles of MMP9,IL1B,IFNG,and TNF-α.Experimental evidence confirmed the binding of microRNA-149-5p to MMP9,impacting apoptosis in diabetic cells.Conclusion:The findings highlight the regulatory role of microRNA-149-5p in managing MMP9,a crucial gene in diabetes pathophysiology.Licorice glycoside E emerges as a promising treatment option for diabetes,especially targeting MMP9 affected by ER stress.The study also underscores the significance of physical exercise in modulating ER stress pathways in diabetes management,bridging traditional physical therapy and modern scientific understanding.Our study has limitations.It focuses on the microRNA-149-5p-MMP9 network in sepsis,using cell-based methods without animal or clinical trials.Despite strong in vitro findings,in vivo studies are needed to confirm licorice glycoside E’s therapeutic potential and understand the microRNA-149-5p-MMP9 dynamics in real conditions.

Follow-Up Study of a Multiple Myeloma Patient Successfully Treated with Clarithromycin (CAM), Low-Dose Lenalidomide and Low-Dose Dexamethasone: Significance and Possible Mechanism of Action of CAM as an Add-On Therapy

Background: Recently, high efficacy of the chemotherapeutic regimen combining clarithromycin (CAM) with lenalidomide (Len) and dexamethasone (Dex) (BiRD) in treating multiple myeloma (MM) patients has been reported. However, the exact mechanism of added CAM has not been fully elucidated. This case report will provide helpful information for understanding the significance and the mechanism of action of CAM as an add-on therapy. Patient: A 78-year-old female patient with IgA-λ type MM was treated with low-dose Len coupled with low-dose Dex (low Rd), and excellent response was achieved for long term, but she later became refractory to this treatment. Then, CAM was added to low Rd (low Rd-CAM, i.e., modified BiRD therapy). This add-on-therapy was found to be effective, but later suspended because of pneumonitis. Then, low-dose Len coupled with CAM (low R-CAM) treatment was applied;but effect of this Dex-free treatment was insufficient. Thus, low Rd-CAM was reapplied and satisfactory reduction of IgA was achieved. This fact suggests that low Rd-CAM is the favorable combination, Dex is requisite and CAM might have enhanced the effect of Dex. In this case, various serum cytokines were examined during the course of illness. Only interleukin-6 showed apparent increase, and tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, soluble IL-2 receptors and C-reactive protein showed the slight increase during low Rd-CAM treatment. The results seem somewhat conflicting, but it seems that intricate cytokine response due to immune activation might have occurred during low Rd-CAM treatment.

一些常用羰基保护试剂与ADD3-羰基反应的行为

目的 寻找保护ADD 3 羰基的合理方法。方法 以 17 缩酮ADD为底物普查常用羰基保护试剂与ADD 3 羰基反应的行为。结果 在对ADD 3 羰基保护反应研究中 ,以 17 缩酮ADD为底物与醋酐 /PTS和三苯甲基锂 /醋酐反应 ,分别得到 17 环状次乙二氧基 4 甲基 1 乙酰氧基 雌甾 1,3,5 (10 ) 三烯和 17 环状次乙二氧基 7 羟基 雄甾 1,4 二烯 3 酮 ,用波谱数据推测了它们的结构 ,并对后者的形成机理进行了讨论。结论 本实验研究的常用羰基保护试剂无法有效保护ADD 3 羰基 。

Signaling pathway of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ as a target of molecular therapy for hepatoblastoma

AIM： To address the possibility that insulin-like growth factor （IGF）-Ⅱ is a growth factor and its signaling pathway so as to develop a molecular therapy for hepatoblastoma. METHODS： Huh-6 and HepG2, human hepatoblastoma cell lines, were used. IGF-Ⅱ was added to the medium deprived of serum. Western blot analysis was performed to clarify the expression of IGF-Ⅰ receptor （IGF-IR）. Inhibitors of IGF-IR （piclopodophyllin, PPP）, phosphatidyl-inositol （PI） 3-kinase （LY294002 and Wortmannin）, or mitogen-activated protein （MAP） kinase （PD98059） were added to unveil the signaling pathway of IGF-Ⅱ. Cells were analyzed morphologically with hematoxylin-eosin staining to reveal the mechanism of suppression of cell proliferation. RESULTS： IGF-Ⅱ stimulated cells proliferated to 2.7 （269% ± 76%） （mean ± SD） （Huh-6） and 2.1 （211% ± 85%） times （HepG2）. IGF-IR was expressed in Huh-6 and HepG2. PPP suppressed the cell number to 44% ± 11% （Huh-6） and 39% ± 5% （HepG2）. LY294002 and Wortmannin suppressed the cell number to 30% ± 5% （Huh-6）, 44% ± 0.4% （HepG2）, 49% ± 1.0% （Huh-6） and 46% ± 1.1% （HepG2）, respectively. PD98059 suppressed the cell number to 33% ± 11% for HepG2 but not for Huh-6. When cell proliferation was prohibited, many Huh-6 and HepG2 cells were dead with pyknotic or fragmented nuclei, suggesting apoptosis. CONCLUSION： IGF- Ⅱ was shown to be a growth factor of hepatoblastoma via IGF-Ⅰ receptor and PI3 kinase which were good candidates for target of molecular therapy.

High levels of Zinc-α-2-Glycoprotein among Omani AIDS patients on combined antiretroviral therapy

Objective:To investigate the levels of zinc-α-2-glycoprotein(ZAG) among Omani AIDS patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy(cART).Methods:A total of 80 Omani AIDS patients(45 males and 33 females),average age of 36 vears.who were receiving cART at the Saltan Qaboos University Hospital(SQUH).Muscat,Oman,were tested for the levels of ZAG.In addition,SO healthy blood donors(46 males and 34 females),average age of 26 years,attending the SOUH Blood Bank,were tested in parallel as a control group.Measurement of the ZAG levels was performed using a competitive enzyme—linked immunosorbent assay and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.Results:The ZAG levels were found to he significantly higher among AIDS patients compared to the healthy individuals(P=0.033).A total of 56(70%) of the AIDS patients were found to have higher levels of ZAG and 16(20%) AIDS patients were found to have high ZAG levels,which are significantly(P>0.031) associated with weight loss.Conclusions:ZAG levels are high among Omani AIDS patients on cART and this necessitales the measurement of ZAG on routine basis,as it is associated with weight loss.

Specific activation of 2'-5'oligoadenylate synthetase gene promoter by hepatitis C virus-core protein:A potential for developing hepatitis C virus targeting gene therapy

AIM： TO examine whether 2＇-5＇oligoadenylate synthetase （OAS） gene promoter can be specifically activated by hepatitis C virus （HCV）-core protein. METHODS： Human embryo hepatic cell line L02 was transfected with pcDNA3.1-core plasmid and selected by G418. Expression of HCV-core was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The OAS promoter sequence was amplified from the genomic DNA and inserted into pGL3-basic vector. The resultant pGL3-OAS-Luci plasmid was transiently transfected into L02/core cells and luciferase activity was assayed. I^ESULTS： L02/core cell line stably expressing HCV- core protein was established. The pGL3-OAS-Luci construct exhibited significant transcriptional activity in the L02/core cells but not in the L02 cells. CONCLUSION： HCV-core protein activates the OAS gene promoter specifically and effectively. Utilization of OAS gene promoter would be an ideal strategy for developing HCV-specific gene therapy.

Effect of photodynamic therapy with(17R,18R)-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl chlorine E6 trisodium salt on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

AIM To investigate the antitumor effects and underlying mechanisms of(17 R,18 R)-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl chlorine E6 trisodium salt(YLG-1)-induced photodynamic therapy(PDT) on pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo.METHODS YLG-1 is a novel photosensitizer extracted from spirulina. Its phototoxicity, cellular uptake and localization, as well as its effect on reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, apoptosis, and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins were detected in vitro. An in vivo imaging system(IVIS), the Lumina K imaging system, and mouse models of subcutaneous Panc-1-bearing tumors were exploited to evaluate the drug delivery pathway and pancreatic cancer growth in vivo.RESULTS YLG-1 was localized to the mitochondria, and the appropriate incubation time was 6 h. Under 650 nm light irradiation, YLG-1-PDT exerted a potent cytotoxic effect on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, which could be abolished by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC). The death mode caused by YLG-1-PDT was apoptosis, accompanied by upregulated Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 expression. The results from the IVIS images suggested that the optimal administration route was intratumoral(IT) injection and that the best time to conduct YLG-1-PDT was 2 h post-IT injection. Consistent with the results in vitro, YLG-1-PDT showed great growth inhibition effects on pancreatic cancer cells in a mouse model.CONCLUSION YLG-1 is a potential photosensitizer for pancreatic cancer PDT via IT injection, the mechanisms of which are associated with inducing ROS and promoting apoptosis.

Evaluating the evolving evidence: The challenges of molecular-targeted therapy in management of gastric cancer

Over the past decade, a multitude of molecular targeted agents have been explored in the treatment of advanced metastatic gastric. Recent advances in molecular signaling pathways that are dysregulated in gastric cancer lead to the development of new targeted therapies for the treatment of advanced and metastatic gastric cancer. The addition of trastuzumab to first-line chemotherapy is now a standard of care for the treatment of Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2-) positive advanced or metastatic disease, and other HER2-targeted therapies are in late-stage clinical development. Findings from recent major clinical trials provide important insight into the future of metastatic gastric cancer management, which may include the use of anti-angiogenesis, Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (MET) and Hedgehog Pathways Inhibitortherapy across multiple treatment lines, in the salvage setting, and as part of novel regimens in combination with other targeted agents.

曲普瑞林反加疗法联合腹腔镜下囊肿剥除术治疗子宫内膜异位症的效果及对VEGF、IGF-1、sVCAM-1及sICAM-1水平的影响

目的探讨曲普瑞林反加疗法联合腹腔镜下囊肿剥除术治疗子宫内膜异位症的效果。方法选择2019年5月至2020年9月我院收治的150例子宫内膜异位症患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各75例。对照组给予腹腔镜下囊肿剥除术,观察组在对照组基础上给予曲普瑞林反加疗法治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的治疗总有效率为96.00%,高于对照组的85.33%(P<0.05)。术后6个月,观察组的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的不良事件总发生率为2.67%,低于对照组的16.00%(P<0.05)。结论曲普瑞林反加疗法联合腹腔镜下囊肿剥除术治疗子宫内膜异位症的效果较好,可有效调节VEGF、IGF-1、sVCAM-1及sICAM-1水平,且安全性高,值得推广。

子宫内膜异位症保守性手术后应用GnRH-a联合克龄蒙治疗的临床分析

目的:探讨促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)联合克龄蒙治疗子宫内膜异位症(EMS)保守性手术后的临床疗效和安全性。方法:将75例经腹腔镜或开腹保守手术治疗并经病理证实为EMS的患者分为两组。GnRH-a组:术后第3～5日开始给予GnRH-a治疗,每隔28 d注射1次,连用6次;反加克龄蒙组:给予GnRH-a治疗的同时加用克龄蒙,连续6个月。观察治疗前后两组患者及组间雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)的变化,以及疼痛评分、改良Kupperman评分、骨密度、骨钙素等各项指标的变化。结果:两组E2、FSH及LH治疗后较治疗前降低,反加组E2明显高于GnRH-a组(P<0.05),两组治疗前、后FSH及LH比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组疼痛评分比较差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05);反加组Kupperman评分低于GnRH-a组(P<0.05);GnRH-a组骨密度下降明显,GnRH-a组血清骨钙素较反加组值明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:GnRH-a联合克龄蒙治疗EMS保守性手术后患者,疗效确切,同时减轻单用GnRH-a造成的围绝经期综合征的不良反应,减缓骨转换,防止骨质疏松的发生。GnRH-a联合克龄蒙是治疗EMS的理想方案。

子宫内膜异位症术后GnRH-a治疗与黑升麻制剂的使用

子宫内膜异位症(EMS)是临床上最常见的妇科疾病之一,术后的复发问题一直困扰着临床医师。促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)的使用对于降低EMS术后的复发具有十分重要的作用,目前已成为临床上最为常用的预防EMS复发的方法。但是,GnRH-a使用后引发的围绝经期症状严重影响患者的生活质量,部分患者因此而终止治疗。激素反向添加治疗虽然很好的解决了围绝经期症状,但是激素的长期使用可能导致激素依赖性疾病的风险。作为一种植物提取物,黑升麻制剂能否较好的拮抗GnRH-a所致类围绝经期症状,而且又能避免激素反向添加治疗的风险,目前尚不明确。该文主要围绕EMS术后GnRH-a治疗的必要性及其存在的问题,黑升麻制剂的作用机制与功能,黑升麻用于缓解EMS患者术后使用GnRH-a治疗出现的类围绝经期症状的可能性及可能存在的问题进行概述。

GnRH-a治疗子宫内膜异位症对骨密度影响的系统评价

目的:评价促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)治疗子宫内膜异位症对骨密度影响。方法:检索Cochrane Library、MEDLINE、EMBASE、中国生物医学文献数据库、CBM、CNKI等。纳入GnRH-a治疗子宫内膜异位症的随机对照试验,对其方法学质量进行评价。用RevMan 4.2.10软件进行统计分析。结果:①GnRH-a组骨密度和骨丢失率明显大于反加疗法[RR=0.03,95%CI(0.01,0.06),P<0.05;RR=1.86,95%CI(1.11,2.61),P<0.01]。其余描述性研究支持上述结果,认为两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GnRH-a组骨密度减少大于孕激素组(P<0.05)。②GnRH-a组药物副反应比反加疗法组大(P<0.05),雌激素水平也比反加疗法组下降多(P<0.01),在缓解疼痛上与反加疗法组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GnRH-a组在缓解疼痛、药物副反应方面同孕激素组差异均无统计学意义。结论:目前研究认为GnRH-a组与反加疗法组、孕激素组在缓解子宫内膜异位症疼痛上效果相同,GnRH-a组所致骨密度下降大于其余两组。反加疗法组能降低GnRH-a所致骨密度下降及潮热等副反应,为长期和反复治疗提供了一个较好方案。但纳入研究质量不高、样本量小,有必要设计和实施严密、科学的多中心、大样本、高质量的随机双盲临床对照试验研究来进一步验证。

GnRHa及反加雌孕激素对子宫内膜异位症患者外周血及腹腔液IL-2和IL-6分泌的影响

目的比较单用GnRHa及反加雌孕激素对子宫内膜异位症(内异症)患者外周血及腹腔液IL-2及IL-6分泌的影响。方法分离外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)加植物血凝素诱生培养,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测28例内异症组患者和10例正常对照组C培养液上清和腹腔液中IL-2和IL-6的水平;内异症组随机分为单用GnRHa组(A组)和反加组(B组),用药治疗3月后,比较PBMC培养上清中IL-2和IL-6的水平。结果A、B两组患者术前培养液上清和腹腔液中IL-6水平显著高于对照组C(P<0.05),IL-2/IL-6比值显著低于对照组C(P<0.05);用药治疗3个月后,A、B两组患者培养液上清IL-6分泌较术前明显下降(P<0.01),IL-2/IL-6比值较术前明显升高(P<0.05),两治疗组间差异无统计学意义。结论内异症患者培养上清液和腹腔液中IL-6的升高可能与内异症的发生有关;内异症患者Th1/Th2比例失衡使细胞免疫抑制,从而使异位内膜逃避免疫监视而广泛种植;术后单用GnRHa和反加治疗内异症均能部分逆转Th2优势,具有相似的效果。

fat-1基因对结肠癌HT-29细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的探讨fat-1基因在结肠癌HT-29细胞凋亡、增殖以及细胞周期中所起的作用。方法构建真核表达载体(pEGFP-fat-1),用脂质体介导的方法转染到结肠癌HT-29细胞,通过荧光显微镜观察及RT-PCR检测fat-1基因的表达,气相色谱分析检测fat-1基因对HT-29细胞n-6/n-3多聚不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)比例的影响,MTT法分析fat-1基因对HT-29细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术检测fat-1基因对HT-29细胞凋亡和细胞周期的影响。结果成功构建了真核表达载体pEGFP-fat-1,并在HT-29细胞内有效表达。fat-1基因通过降低HT-29细胞内n-6/n-3PUFAs的比例抑制HT-29细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,细胞增殖主要被阻滞在S期。结论fat-1基因改变HT-29细胞n-6/n-3PUFAs比例后,通过一定的信号转导途径促进大部分HT-29细胞在S期凋亡,抑制了其增殖。

反加疗法在腹腔镜双侧卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿术后联合GnRH-α和替勃龙治疗的探讨

目的研究反加疗法在腹腔镜双侧卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后联合促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-α)治疗过程中的临床意义。方法选择2013年2月至2015年8月在江苏省苏北人民医院行腹腔镜双侧卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术的患者83例,分为两组,A组48例为GnRH-α组,B组35例为GnRH-α+替勃龙组。检测A、B两组术前、术后3个月的血清雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡激素(FSH)和血清骨钙素(BGP)水平,并记录各组术后3个月改良Kupperman评分、疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分。结果 A、B两组组内比较,术后3个月的FSH、E2水平和术前相比均明显下降,差异有显著性(t值分别为4.21、5.07,均P<0.05);A组中年龄>35岁患者,术后3个月血清BGP水平和术前相比显著升高(t=3.81,P<0.05),年龄≤35岁的患者和术前相比变化不明显(t=0.81,P>0.05),B组中不同年龄段患者和术前相比均无明显差异(t值分别为0.76、0.62,均P>0.05)。A、B两组组间比较,术后3个月,血清E2水平B组明显高于A组(t=2.83,P<0.05);血清FSH水平A组明显高于B组(t=2.68,P<0.05);术后3个月,Kupperman评分A组显著高于B组(t=3.99,P<0.05);VAS两组相比差异无显著性(t=0.53,P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜双侧卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后联合GnRH-α治疗时,予以替勃龙反加治疗可以有效缓解使用GnRH-α引起的低雌激素症状、保护骨量,尤其对于年龄>35岁的患者,是一种安全、有效的治疗方案。

子宫内膜异位症术后应用GnRH-α的疗效观察

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症患者腹腔镜手术后应用GnRH-α的临床疗效及副作用。方法选择2014年1月至2016年5月在榆林市第一医院妇科住院行腹腔镜检查确诊并手术的卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿(ASRM分期为Ⅲ期及Ⅳ期)患者,其中自愿在术后应用GnRH-α的患者为观察组,即在术后连续应用GnRH-α6个周期(28d),并在用药的第3个周期始或患者出现低雌激素症状时给予替勃龙进行反向添加治疗;对照组术后不使用任何药物。在连续治疗至术后6个月及随访至术后12个月,两组患者均通过复查盆腔B超、血清CA125及VAS指数评估GnRH-α的临床疗效及副作用。结果观察组治疗6个月后,血清雌二醇(E_2)、黄体生成素(LH)及卵泡刺激素(FSH)较对照组显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.75、10.82、5.67,均P<0.05);观察组的复发率为5%(2/40),比对照组的复发率22.5%(9/40)低,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.11,P<0.05);腹腔镜手术后随访6个月、12个月,观察组VAS指数较对照组明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.50、6.30,均P<0.05)。观察组中有2例患者在使用GnRH-α一个周期,1例患者在使用GnRH-α两个周期后出现低雌激素症状,及时给予添加替勃龙后,症状明显改善;对照组患者均未出现明显低雌激素症状。结论卵巢子宫内膜异位症患者腹腔镜手术后应用GnRH-α可以有效缓解慢性盆腔痛、降低复发率,同时进行反向添加治疗后可以有效减轻GnRH-α类药物的副作用。