Ginger oil-loaded transdermal adhesive patch treats post-traumatic stress disorder

Objective:To find a viable alternative to reduce the number of doses required for the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),and to improve efficacy and patient compliance.Methods: In this study,we used ginger oil,a phytochemical with potential therapeutic properties,to prepare ginger oil patches.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to quantify the main active component of ginger oil,6-gingerol.Transdermal absorption experiments were conducted to optimize the various pressure-sensitive adhesives and permeation enhancers,including their type and concentration.Subsequently,the ginger oil patches were optimized and subjected to content determination and property evaluations.A PTSD mouse model was established using the foot-shock method.The therapeutic effect of ginger oil patches on PTSD was assessed through pathological sections,behavioral tests,and the evaluation of biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),and melatonin(MT).Results: The results demonstrated that ginger oil patches exerted therapeutic effects against PTSD by inhibiting inflammatory responses and modulating MT and BDNF levels.Pharmacokinetic experiments revealed that ginger oil patches maintained a stable blood drug concentration for at least one day,addressing the rapid metabolism drawback of 6-gingerol and enhancing its therapeutic efficacy.Conclusions: Ginger oil can be prepared as a transdermal drug patch that meets these requirements,and the bioavailability of the prepared patch is better than that of oral administration.It can improve PTSD with good patient compliance and ease of administration.Therefore,it is a promising therapeutic formulation for the treatment of PTSD.

Mussel-inspired sulfated hyaluronan cryogel patch with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and drug-loading properties for multifunctional wound adhesives

Wounds, characterized by the disruption of the continuity of body tissues resulting from external trauma,manifest in diverse types and locations. Although numerous wound dressings are available for various woundscenarios, it remains challenging to find an integrative wound dressing capable of addressing diverse woundsituations. We focused on utilizing sulfated hyaluronan (sHA), known for its anti-inflammatory properties andcapacity to load cationic drugs. By conjugating catechol groups to sHA (sHA-CA), we achieved several advantagesin wound healing: 1) Fabrication of patches through crosslinking with catechol-modified high-molecularweighthyaluronan (HA(HMW)-CA), 2) Adhesiveness that enabled stable localization, 3) Radical scavenging thatcould synergize with the immunomodulation of sHA. The sHA-CA patches demonstrated therapeutic efficacy inthree distinct murine wound models: diabetic wound, hepatic hemorrhage, and post-surgical adhesion. Collectively,these findings underscore the potential of the sHA-CA patch as a promising candidate for the nextgenerationwound dressing.

Adhesive ginsenoside compound K patches for cartilage tissue regeneration

Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems have been developed to expedite cartilage regeneration;however,challenges related to drug recovery,validation,and efficient drug delivery remain.For instance,compound K(CK)is a major metabolite of ginsenosides that is known to protect against joint degeneration by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of immune cells.However,its effects on cartilage degradation and tissue regeneration remain unclear.Additionally,tissue-adhesive drug delivery depots that stably adhere to cartilage defects are required for CK delivery.In this study,CK-loaded adhesive patches were reported to seal cartilage defects and deliver CK to defect sites,preventing cartilage degradation and accelerating cartilage tissue regeneration.Adhesive patches are stable and suitable for application in surgical procedures under physiological conditions and show excellent adhesiveness to cartilage surfaces.In addition,there were no significant differences in the adhesive polymeric networks before and after CK loading.CK-loaded hydrocaffeic acid-conjugated chitosan patches significantly inhibited the stimulation of cartilage-degrading enzymes and apoptosis in osteoarthritic cartilage by releasing CK in cartilage defects.Additionally,the NFkB signaling pathway of released CK from the adhesive patches in the treatment of osteoarthritis is revealed.Thus,the CK-loaded adhesive patches are expected to significantly contribute to cartilage regeneration.

Bridging wounds:tissue adhesives’essential mechanisms,synthesis and characterization,bioinspired adhesives and future perspectives

Bioadhesives act as a bridge in wound closure by forming an effective interface to protect against liquid and gas leakage and aid the stoppage of bleeding.To their credit,tissue adhesives have made an indelible impact on almost all wound-related surgeries.Their unique properties include minimal damage to tissues,low chance of infection,ease of use and short wound-closure time.In contrast,classic closures,like suturing and stapling,exhibit potential additional complications with long operation times and undesirable inflammatory responses.Although tremendous progress has been made in the development of tissue adhesives,they are not yet ideal.Therefore,highlighting and summarizing existing adhesive designs and synthesis,and comparing the different products will contribute to future development.This review first provides a summary of current commercial traditional tissue adhesives.Then,based on adhesion interaction mechanisms,the tissue adhesives are categorized into three main types:adhesive patches that bind molecularly with tissue,tissuestitching adhesives based on pre-polymer or precursor solutions,and bioinspired or biomimetic tissue adhesives.Their specific adhesion mechanisms,properties and related applications are discussed.The adhesion mechanisms of commercial traditional adhesives as well as their limitations and shortcomings are also reviewed.Finally,we also discuss the future perspectives of tissue adhesives.