Fifty-six Cases of Stubborn Eczema Treated by Oral Administration and Topical Application of Herbal Medicine

Eczema is a kind of very common dermatopathy. The cases with a long course of illness and hard to be cured are termed as stubborn eczema. We have obtained good results in its treatment since 1995 with the Chu Shi Tang (除湿汤Dampness-Clearing Decoction) for oral intake and the Fu Fang Ku Shen Xi Ye (复方苦参洗液) for topical application. The following is a clinical report for treating 56 patients with stubborn eczema.

Intranasal administration of stem cell-derived exosomes for central nervous system diseases

Exosomes,lipid bilayer-enclosed small cellular vesicles,are actively secreted by various cells and play crucial roles in intercellular communication.These nanosized vesicles transport internalized proteins,mRNA,miRNA,and other bioactive molecules.Recent findings have provided compelling evidence that exosomes derived from stem cells hold great promise as a therapeutic modality for central nervous system disorders.These exosomes exhibit multifaceted properties including antiapoptotic,anti-inflammatory,neurogenic,and vasculogenic effects.Furthermore,exosomes offer several advantages over stem cell therapy,such as high preservation capacity,low immunogenicity,the ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier,and the potential for drug encapsulation.Consequently,researchers have turned their attention to exosomes as a novel therapeutic avenue.Nonetheless,akin to the limitations of stem cell treatment,the limited accumulation of exosomes in the injured brain poses a challenge to their clinical application.To overcome this hurdle,intranasal administration has emerged as a non-invasive and efficacious route for delivering drugs to the central nervous system.By exploiting the olfactory and trigeminal nerve axons,this approach enables the direct transport of therapeutics to the brain while bypassing the blood-brain barrier.Notably,exosomes,owing to their small size,can readily access the nerve pathways using this method.As a result,intranasal administration has gained increasing recognition as an optimal therapeutic strategy for exosomebased treatments.In this comprehensive review,we aim to provide an overview of both basic and clinical research studies investigating the intranasal administration of exosomes for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.Furthermore,we elucidate the underlying therapeutic mechanisms and offer insights into the prospect of this approach.

The Development Trend of Enterprise Business Administration and the Innovation of Management Mode

In the context of the new period,the continuous growth of social and economic levels and the rapid update of information technology have significantly impacted the business management of Chinese enterprises,presenting substantial challenges.The intensification of market competition exerts development pressure on many enterprises,and coupled with the unstable strength of some businesses,numerous problems in business management arise.These issues hinder the smooth execution of various business activities.Therefore,it is crucial to ensure effective business administration to conduct different business activities in an orderly manner,promptly avoid adverse risks,and strengthen control over multiple factors.The innovation and improvement of business administration are of great significance for enhancing the management level and market competitiveness of modern enterprises,accelerating their healthy development,and creating numerous opportunities.Consequently,this paper analyzes and explores the development trends of enterprise business administration and the innovation of management models for reference.

Exploring Corporate Tax Compliance in the Era of Digital Tax Collection and Administration:Insights from the“Golden Tax Phase Four”Project

This article primarily examines the current state of tax collection and management,alongside other associated issues.It integrates insights from China’s“14th Five-Year Plan”and anticipates the imminent implementation of the“Golden Tax Phase Four.”With this backdrop,the article offers recommendations for advancing the reform of the tax collection and management system,fostering the development of intelligent taxation,and accelerating the modernization of tax collection and management in China.

Pain perception enhancement in consecutive secondeye phacoemulsification cataract surgeries under topical anesthesia

Cataract is the main cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide while the only effective cure for cataract is still surgery.Consecutive phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia has been the routine procedure for cataract surgery.However,patients often grumbled that they felt more painful during the second-eye surgery compared to the first-eye surgery.The intraoperative pain experience has negative influence on satisfaction and willingness for second-eye cataract surgery of patients with bilateral cataracts.Intraoperative ocular pain is a complicated process induced by the nociceptors activation in the peripheral nervous system.Immunological,neuropsychological,and pharmacological factors work together in the enhancement of intraoperative pain.Accumulating published literatures have focused on the pain enhancement during the secondeye phacoemulsification surgeries.In this review,we searched PubMed database for articles associated with pain perception differences between consecutive cataract surgeries published up to Feb.1,2024.We summarized the recent research progress in mechanisms and interventions for pain perception enhancement in consecutive secondeye phacoemulsification cataract surgeries.This review aimed to provide novel insights into strategies for improving patients’intraoperative experience in second-eye cataract surgeries.

A Continuable Political Administration System for World Countries （II）

In this work, some important parts of the system, and the relation between the parts, and its connections with other systems are defined, explained briefly. With this respect, the nature of the person is defined with related parts. A new science branch called ＂information science＂ is defined. Importance of the political organizing of a political party is shortly explained. The necessity of the academies for public sector, private sector, and for political administration system is expressed. How to choose a person and how a person can be choose for any part of the system is defined. For both cases ＂good and/or correct＂ system criterions, determination of the criterions, and evaluation criterions are defined. New evaluation levels are defined based on the 8-basic senses in philosophical point of view to deepen the sensitivity of the evaluations. The importance of the situation notice and how to make it for each of the association are explained. The 10 main service parameters are defined to show the interactive relations between the ideology, services, person nature and others. Present and possible future problems of a country are expressed. Aims/targets are characterized with real approach for all related sides. Other systems which proposed to be connected to continuable political administration system are shortly defined and expressed. Way of system administration and administration types are shortly explained. The importance and ways of the decision making are expressed. The general ways, types of inspection are shortly explained. Official units that could be assign for the new system are defined. The importance of these units and of the persons that could be assign for these units are expressed together with the definition of the characteristics of the persons or groups that could be. The necessity of an action planning, possible supply and demand cases are defined scientifically. The importance and necessity of sense of justice is explained to make system continuable. The methods of determination of the policies/strategies are expressed.

A Continuable Political Administration System for World Countries （I）

In this work all the political/non-political ideologies, 168 religions/beliefs/sects, nearly 1,600 ethnic origin groups are synthesized to define continuable political construction. It is found that all the past federations, confederations, empires, ideologies, political administration systems, thoughts and senses, doctrines, etc. are in fact each reflects a special functional processes within a general system of where the kinds of services, subjects of services, way of services, service types and persons are considered and placed as a factor in it and where these factors are arranged through different priorities, weights, and also taken under record with some rules. It is evaluated that each groups, communities, societies, countries are separate models, but at the same time each of them are factors which owns different beginning points to reach a correct country structure with five new separate groups （New Era Group, Progression of The Country Group, Unity of The Country Group, Values of The Country Group, Social Progression Group）. The continuable political administration system is defined here by considering the all possible parts and by considering the other systems eormected for a country. Possible forceful factors which can effect political system administration are given. To realize political construction, some political construction methods are defined： Political construction by putting together the values, political construction based on different value, Political construction based on the new defined values, Political construction which considers stepped transition and Ideal political construction which will carry the political points of views and other standards of judgement, points of views of persons to a same line are expressed. New ideologies are put forwarded and ideal political construction for a world country is given with details. Integration of the political groups, political ideologies to the new system is explained. Some methods of politics are mentioned. Persons related with politics are classified simply.

America’s Policy towards China under Two Administrations in the Context of Great Changes: Difference, Influence and Enlightenment

Under the great changes unseen in a century,comprehensive containment and suppression of China in the name of strategic competition has become a crossparty consensus in the United States,with the Republican Trump administration initiating the process of containing and suppressing China and the Democratic Biden administration continuing and developing such a strategy.In the process of implementing this strategy,there are some diff erences in the goals and means of the two American administrations.The Trump administration was trying to“crush China”with the super strength of the United States,with more extreme and tougher means,being more unilateralist and even going so far as to launch a“new Cold War”against China.The Biden administration,on the other hand,emphasizes long-term competition with China,and focuses on“managing competition”while suppressing China,accustomed to being double-handed and using both carrot and stick.When it comes to addressing global challenges,the Republican Party completely lacks the will to cooperate with China,while the Democratic Party has a certain need for cooperation and action.

Application of Information Technology in Institutions and Challenges of Human Resources-Case Study: Administration of the Municipality of Ferizaj

This study aims to investigate how information technology is applied in the administration of the municipality of Ferizaj and what are the challenges with human resources, the work was carried out through a case study in the municipality. This paper highlights that the use of information technology provides higher efficiency for the performance of daily work in the municipality, thus also the provision of better services to citizens. However, the level of use of information technology in the Municipality of Ferizaj leaves much to be desired in terms of efficiency because a significant number of employees have not attended adequate training for the effective and efficient use of various IT applications and have not are still adapted to the digital environment in the municipality. Therefore, the recommendation derived from this paper is that the information technology environment in the municipality of Ferizaj needs to be improved by providing staff with adequate qualifications, while for those who are currently engaged in the municipality and who do not have adequate qualifications, training should be provided in a way that all users of IT applications are fully integrated into the digitized environment in order to be effective and efficient in providing services to citizens. This simultaneously gives the municipal staff job security and motivation for better services for citizens. Also, information technology enables a better control over the activity of the municipality because every action is recorded as data which can then be used to analyze the performance of the municipality.

Status, Transition, and Impact of the Yoon Suk-yeol Administration’s Trade Policy with China

China is Korea’s main trade partner in East Asia and one of its key economic and trade partners worldwide.The two countries have complementary industrial structure and a long history of trade exchanges.However,against the backdrop of a return to global trade protectionism and the politicization of international affairs with Yoon Suk-yeol coming to power,South Korea has undertaken a strong trade shift toward the United States(US),triggering a change in the pattern of economic cooperation in East Asia and challenging the regional trade structure.A review of the trade policy agenda of the Yoon Suk-yeol administration toward the US and China,along with a comparative review of Korea’s foreign trade stance under Moon Jae-in,allows for an analysis of the turnaround and characteristics of Yoon’s trade policy toward China during his tenure.The implications for global trade governance and regional security are further analyzed with an aim of finding a Nash equilibrium in trade cooperation among East Asian countries.

Design of an E-Administration Platform and Its Cryptography-Based Security Model

E-administration is performing administrative works via computer and its associated technologies such as the Internet. It is administrative efforts that center on the exchange of information and providing services to people and the business sector at high speed and low cost through computers and networks with the assurance of maintaining information security. It is based on the positive investment in information technology and communication in administrative practices. This paper presents the design of the e-administration platform that adopts the concept of cryptography for identity management. The architectural framework of the platform comprises subcomponents for service and forms identification, business process redesign, service architecture, amalgamation, and deployment. The cryptography model for securing the platform was designed based on the combination of authentication criteria presented in the Rijndael-Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Lattice-based cryptography (LBC), and Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA512). It is required that a record be encrypted prior to its commitment to the database via a double encryption method. The AES algorithm-based encryption’s output will form the input to the LBC algorithm to obtain the final output.

Effectiveness of topical oxygen therapy in wound healing for patients with diabetic foot ulcer

Objectives:Non-healing wounds have been one of the major challenges in health care because of increased morbidity,especially for those who have diabetes mellitus.Numerous regimens are being innovated to produce an evidence-based practice that would minimize complications and promote healing.Topical oxygen therapy is an innovation in wound care that has been considered influential in the wound healing process.This intervention aims to increase the oxygen concentration in the affected limb to promote wound healing.Methods:This research applied an experimental design that targeted a total of 60 adult patients aged 45–64 years with diabetic foot ulcers.A randomized systematic sampling technique was used to allow equal chances and prevent bias.In total,30 patients in the control group received usual care for diabetic foot ulcers,and the remaining 30 patients in the experimental group received topical oxygen therapy together with standard care for diabetic foot ulcers.Subjects were assessed using the Wagner-Meggitt Wound Classification System.Results:The result proved that there was a significant difference in the wound grade of patients in the experimental group after the application of the usual wound care plus the topical oxygen therapy using Friedman's test.The control and experimental groups were compared using Mann–Whitney statistical analyses,and the results showed that there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups after the application of topical oxygen therapy.Conclusions:Topical oxygen therapy was demonstrated to be effective to aid in the wound healing process of patients with diabetic foot ulcers.Fur ther research was recommended to improve the application of topical oxygen therapy to patients with chronic wounds and promote the wound healing process.

Water-responsive gel extends drug retention and facilitates skin penetration for curcumin topical delivery against psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema,scaling,and skin thickening.Topical drug application is recommended as the first-line treatment.Many formulation strategies have been developed and explored for enhanced topical psoriasis treatment.However,these preparations usually have low viscosity and limited retention on the skin surface,resulting in low drug delivery efficiency and poor patient satisfaction.In this study,we developed the first water-responsive gel(WRG),which has a distinct water-triggered liquid-to-gel phase transition property.Specifically,WRG was kept in a solution state in the absence of water,and the addition of water induced an immediate phase transition and resulted in a high viscosity gel.Curcumin was used as a model drug to investigate the potential of WRG in topical drug delivery against psoriasis.In vitro and in vivo data showed that WRG formulation could not only extend skin retention but also facilitate the drug permeating across the skin.In a mouse model of psoriasis,curcumin loaded WRG(CUR-WRG)effectively ameliorated the symptoms of psoriasis and exerted a potent anti-psoriasis effect by extending drug retention and facilitating drug penetration.Further mechanism study demonstrated that the anti-hyperplasia,anti-inflammation,anti-angiogenesis,anti-oxidation,and immunomodulation properties of curcumin were amplified by enhanced topical drug delivery efficiency.Notably,neglectable local or systemic toxicity was observed for CUR-WRG application.This study suggests that WRG is a promising formulation for topically psoriasis treatment.

Usage of topical insulin for the treatment of diabetic keratopathy,including corneal epithelial defects

BACKGROUND Diabetic keratopathy(DK)occurs in 46%-64%of patients with diabetes and requires serious attention.In patients with diabetes,the healing of corneal epithelial defects or ulcers takes longer than in patients without diabetes.Insulin is an effective factor in wound healing.The ability of systemic insulin to rapidly heal burn wounds has been reported for nearly a century,but only a few studies have been performed on the effects of topical insulin(TI)on the eye.Treatment with TI is effective in treating DK.AIM To review clinical and experimental animal studies providing evidence for the efficacy of TI to heal corneal wounds.METHODS National and international databases,including PubMed and Scopus,were searched using relevant keywords,and additional manual searches were conducted to assess the effectiveness of TI application on corneal wound healing.Journal articles published from January 1,2000 to December 1,2022 were examined.The relevancy of the identified citations was checked against predetermined eligibility standards,and relevant articles were extracted and reviewed.RESULTS A total of eight articles were found relevant to be discussed in this review,including four animal studies and four clinical studies.According to the studies conducted,TI is effective for corneal re-epithelialization in patients with diabetes based on corneal wound size and healing rate.CONCLUSION Available animal and clinical studies have shown that TI promotes corneal wound healing by several mechanisms.The use of TI was not associated with adverse effects in any of the published cases.Further studies are needed to enhance our knowledge and understanding of TI in the healing of DK.

Effects of Oral Administration of Propylene Glycol and Ca-P-Mg Mixture on Milk Quality and SCC of Dairy Cows after Birth

In order to further study the postpartum care technology of dairy cows,the effects of oral administration of propylene glycol or Ca-P-Mg mixture and compound oral rehydration salts on milk quality and SCC of dairy cows after birth were investigated. The results showed that the milk fat and dry matter contents in the dairy cows administered with Ca-P-Mg mixture and compound oral rehydration salts were higher than those in the dairy cows administered with propylene glycol（P 〈0.05）. However, there were no significant differences in milk sugar and protein contents and SCC between the two administration groups.

c-Fos expression within the L_5 spinal cord dorsal horn after spinal nerve ligation in rats Is intraplantar administration of glutamate different from intrathecal administration?

BACKGROUND： Injection of glutamate （Glu） in normal animals can cause neuronal c-Fos expression; however, whether Glu can induce spinal neuronal c-Fos expression in pain models is unclear. OBJECTIVE： To examine the effects of intraplantar and intrathecal injection of Glu on c-Fos expression in the L5 spinal cord dorsal horn Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅲ/Ⅳ layers after spinal nerve ligation, and to study the effects of the N-methyI-D-aspartic acid （NMDA） receptor antagonist, D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate （D-AP5）, and a selective group I mGluR antagonist, 7-hydroyiminocyclo propan[a]chromen-lacarboxylic acid ethyl ester （cpccoEt）. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled animal study was performed at the Department of Pharmacology, Oral Anatomy, and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, from December 2005 to December 2006. MATERIALS： Glu （5 μmol）, D-AP5 （50 nmot） and cpccoEt （250 nmol） were provided by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan, and diluted in saline （50 μL）. The pH of all solutions was adjusted to 7.4. METHODS： Twelve rats were randomly divided into sham operation （n = 6） and spinal nerve ligation （SNL; n = 6） groups for behavioral assessments of neuropathic pain after ligation surgery of the left L5-6 nerve segment. Another 60 rats were randomly divided into sham operation, SNL, saline-intraplantar, saline-intrathecal, Glu-intraplantar, Glu-intrathecal, D-AP5-intrathecal, Glu-D-AP5-intrathecal, cpccoEt-intrathecal, and Glu-cpccoEt-intrathecal groups, with 6 rats in each group. All groups except sham operation group received a similar SNL. On day 14, rats received a 50-μL injection of saline, Glu, D-AP5, and/or cpccoEt into the left intraplantar or intrathecal L5-4 segments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The number of c-Fos positive neurons in both Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅲ/Ⅳ spinal layers at L6 was observed using immunohistochemistry 2 hours after administration. RESULTS： （1） SNL increased the level of c-Fos expression in two sides of the spinal cord, particularly on Ⅲ/Ⅳ spinal layers of the ligated side. （2） Intraplantar or intrathecal administration of saline significantly increased the c-Fos labeled neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱ spinal layers of the ligated side, compared with SNL alone （P 〈 0.01）. （3） Intraplantar Glu （5 μmol） increased the number of c-Fos positive neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱ spinal layers compared with intraplantar saline （P〈 0.01）. （4） The number of c-Fos neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱ spinal layers on both the ipsilateral and contralateral side after intraplantar Glu was lower than intrathecal Glu （P〈 0.01）, with a 3-fold higher induction by intrathecal Glu. （5） Co-administration of D-AP5 or cpccoEt reduced the effects of intrathecal Glu （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Intrathecal Glu increases c-Fos expression more than intraplantar Glu. Antagonists of NMDA and group I mGluRs block this effect.

Administration与Government文化语义辨析及其翻译

本文分析了英语（尤其是美国英语）中administration与government的文化语义差异，认为administration的词义核心是“行政分芰”，将administration翻译为汉语的“政府”不够妥当，该词的恰当汉译为“行府”，而government的汉译是“政府”

New Administration Systems for the World Countries and Sense of Justice ＆ Continuity in the System Administration

In this work, some of the results of the synthesis about the administration systems are expressed. The Author defined four new case theories and 23 main methods, and defined five general political/non-political administration system categories for the world countries. Each system is defined with the related 12 sub blocs to solve the general and specific problems of communities, territories, states and/or countries. Each bloc includes presidency, council, committees, associations and R-autonomous construction. For each of these five administration system categories, and for each of their sub blocs, general/specific system administration construction is defined with its 21 blocs. Importance of both sense of justice and continuity/sustainability are described with the related 21 categories defined for each of these perspective. Types of system administration are defined for five categories of administration systems. General and specific characteristics and possible fundamental and representative duties of country presidency system are defined. Ideal political constructions are defined for each of five general administration system categories. Specific way of integration of the past and present politic/non-politic groups into the ideal political construction is defined in multi dimensional form. Constructional centrism, R-Centrism, R-Continuity, R-Democracy, R-Ideology, R-Philosophy, R-Progressive, R-Religion, R-Science, Progressive Religion, ideal stability chart and some other concepts are defined as constructional and/or complementary basics of the systems. Author defined a criterion to measure the value of a country. Effective weight function of a world country is defined as a mathematical function to inspect, observe the performance and progression of a country inside, and/or in the region, and/or in the world. Basic forms of government are re-constructed and/or re-defined as hybrid-powers for each of these five categories of administration systems and general comparison made with the past/present ones. New political constructions are proposed for different party systems, different federation systems in the world. Applications and realization of the four new case theories and 23 main methods are expressed for all world countries. Author defined new or re-constructed 20 regional unions for the world due to new case theories, and one of them （SEAEU） is already officially declared.

Countries＇ Union and Political/Non-Political Administration Systems for the World Countries

In this work, the author noticed that some/most of the problems in the world countries, are because of the past/present differences, disputes about ethnic origins, federation systems, political and/or religious ideologies, organizations, mythologies, religions/sects, organs of governments, party systems, political systems, basic senses, administrations, and others. Purpose of this work, is to solve these problems for all related sides in a country and/or in the world to obtain continuable （political/non-political） administrative system（s） for the world countries by considering countries＇ union theory. The author considered the ＂synthesis＂ method and evaluated, generally/specifically, all these subjects also related philosophy branches, present political ideology spectrums, power sources and structures, public administrations, science branches by considering nearly 12,000 years written historical period. The author also considered his personal contacts with nearly 80,000 people from different political/non-political groups, and from all different position levels of persons, directly/indirectly. The author defined 21 dimensions of the synthesis to categorise the problems, related solutions, and theories he found. General points that can be evaluate as positive and/or negative about each side are expressed. Basic important concepts and definitions about political/non-political administrations of a world country are defined. General types of organizations and administrations in the world are expressed together with some related problems in the present systems. Good and/or correct perspective that must be behind administration（s） is described. Categories and types of interacted sides are explained. Subjects of services mandatory for a world country are defined. Necessity of the new system（s） for two or more sides is expressed. General types of needs for each world country are defined and categorized due to the domestic and international needs and due to possible interaction between two or more sides. As a conclusion, new political/non-political methods are defined to solve general and specific administrative problems between sides in a world country or between different countries. Theory of countries＇ union system is defined. General principles and sense of justice which are necessary for establishing countries＇ union between any two countries are defined.

Treatment of eosinophlic esophagitis with swallowed topical corticosteroids

Eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE)is an emerging chronic local immune-mediated disease of the esophagus.Beside proton pump inhibitors and food-restrictiondiets swallowed topical corticosteroids(STC)can be offered as a first line therapy according to current guidelines.This review describes the background and practical management of STCs in EoE.So far,mainly asthma inhalers containing either budesonide or fluticasone have been administered to the esophagus by swallowing these medications“off label”.Recently esophagus-targeted formulations of topical steroids have been developed showing clinicopathological response rates up to 85%-an orodispersible tablet of budesonide has been approved as the first“in label”medication for EoE in Europe in June 2018.Whereas it was shown that disease remission induction of EoE by STCs is highly effective,there is still a lack of data regarding long-term and maintenance therapy.However,current studies on STC maintenance therapy add some movement into the game.