Intranasal administration of stem cell-derived exosomes for central nervous system diseases

Exosomes,lipid bilayer-enclosed small cellular vesicles,are actively secreted by various cells and play crucial roles in intercellular communication.These nanosized vesicles transport internalized proteins,mRNA,miRNA,and other bioactive molecules.Recent findings have provided compelling evidence that exosomes derived from stem cells hold great promise as a therapeutic modality for central nervous system disorders.These exosomes exhibit multifaceted properties including antiapoptotic,anti-inflammatory,neurogenic,and vasculogenic effects.Furthermore,exosomes offer several advantages over stem cell therapy,such as high preservation capacity,low immunogenicity,the ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier,and the potential for drug encapsulation.Consequently,researchers have turned their attention to exosomes as a novel therapeutic avenue.Nonetheless,akin to the limitations of stem cell treatment,the limited accumulation of exosomes in the injured brain poses a challenge to their clinical application.To overcome this hurdle,intranasal administration has emerged as a non-invasive and efficacious route for delivering drugs to the central nervous system.By exploiting the olfactory and trigeminal nerve axons,this approach enables the direct transport of therapeutics to the brain while bypassing the blood-brain barrier.Notably,exosomes,owing to their small size,can readily access the nerve pathways using this method.As a result,intranasal administration has gained increasing recognition as an optimal therapeutic strategy for exosomebased treatments.In this comprehensive review,we aim to provide an overview of both basic and clinical research studies investigating the intranasal administration of exosomes for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.Furthermore,we elucidate the underlying therapeutic mechanisms and offer insights into the prospect of this approach.

A Continuable Political Administration System for World Countries （II）

In this work, some important parts of the system, and the relation between the parts, and its connections with other systems are defined, explained briefly. With this respect, the nature of the person is defined with related parts. A new science branch called ＂information science＂ is defined. Importance of the political organizing of a political party is shortly explained. The necessity of the academies for public sector, private sector, and for political administration system is expressed. How to choose a person and how a person can be choose for any part of the system is defined. For both cases ＂good and/or correct＂ system criterions, determination of the criterions, and evaluation criterions are defined. New evaluation levels are defined based on the 8-basic senses in philosophical point of view to deepen the sensitivity of the evaluations. The importance of the situation notice and how to make it for each of the association are explained. The 10 main service parameters are defined to show the interactive relations between the ideology, services, person nature and others. Present and possible future problems of a country are expressed. Aims/targets are characterized with real approach for all related sides. Other systems which proposed to be connected to continuable political administration system are shortly defined and expressed. Way of system administration and administration types are shortly explained. The importance and ways of the decision making are expressed. The general ways, types of inspection are shortly explained. Official units that could be assign for the new system are defined. The importance of these units and of the persons that could be assign for these units are expressed together with the definition of the characteristics of the persons or groups that could be. The necessity of an action planning, possible supply and demand cases are defined scientifically. The importance and necessity of sense of justice is explained to make system continuable. The methods of determination of the policies/strategies are expressed.

A Continuable Political Administration System for World Countries （I）

In this work all the political/non-political ideologies, 168 religions/beliefs/sects, nearly 1,600 ethnic origin groups are synthesized to define continuable political construction. It is found that all the past federations, confederations, empires, ideologies, political administration systems, thoughts and senses, doctrines, etc. are in fact each reflects a special functional processes within a general system of where the kinds of services, subjects of services, way of services, service types and persons are considered and placed as a factor in it and where these factors are arranged through different priorities, weights, and also taken under record with some rules. It is evaluated that each groups, communities, societies, countries are separate models, but at the same time each of them are factors which owns different beginning points to reach a correct country structure with five new separate groups （New Era Group, Progression of The Country Group, Unity of The Country Group, Values of The Country Group, Social Progression Group）. The continuable political administration system is defined here by considering the all possible parts and by considering the other systems eormected for a country. Possible forceful factors which can effect political system administration are given. To realize political construction, some political construction methods are defined： Political construction by putting together the values, political construction based on different value, Political construction based on the new defined values, Political construction which considers stepped transition and Ideal political construction which will carry the political points of views and other standards of judgement, points of views of persons to a same line are expressed. New ideologies are put forwarded and ideal political construction for a world country is given with details. Integration of the political groups, political ideologies to the new system is explained. Some methods of politics are mentioned. Persons related with politics are classified simply.

Analysis of the Regulation System for Cosmetics Administration

This article uses the method of legal text analysis to systematically sort out the legal norms,administrative normative documents,and other normative documents in the regulation system of cosmetics.It focuses on discussing the definitions,legal attributes,sources,and effectiveness of laws,administrative regulations,departmental rules,administrative normative documents,standards,specification,and guiding principles.

Factors influencing agitation during anesthesia recovery after laparoscopic hernia repair under total inhalation combined with caudal block anesthesia

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic hernia repair is a minimally invasive surgery,but patients may experience emergence agitation(EA)during the post-anesthesia recovery period,which can increase pain and lead to complications such as wound reopening and bleeding.There is limited research on the risk factors for this agitation,and few effective tools exist to predict it.Therefore,by integrating clinical data,we have developed nomograms and random forest predictive models to help clinicians predict and potentially prevent EA.AIM To establish a risk nomogram prediction model for EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia surgery under total inhalation combined with sacral block anesthesia.METHODS Based on the clinical information of 300 patients who underwent laparoscopic hernia surgery in the Nanning Tenth People’s Hospital,Guangxi,from January 2020 to June 2023,the patients were divided into two groups according to their sedation-agitation scale score,i.e.,the EA group(≥5 points)and the non-EA group(≤4 points),during anesthesia recovery.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to select the key features that predict EA,and incorporating them into logistic regression analysis to obtain potential pre-dictive factors and establish EA nomogram and random forest risk prediction models through R software.RESULTS Out of the 300 patients,72 had agitation during anesthesia recovery,with an incidence of 24.0%.American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,preoperative anxiety,solid food fasting time,clear liquid fasting time,indwelling catheter,and pain level upon awakening are key predictors of EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia surgery with total intravenous anesthesia and caudal block anesthesia.The nomogram predicts EA with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.947,a sensi-tivity of 0.917,and a specificity of 0.877,whereas the random forest model has an AUC of 0.923,a sensitivity of 0.912,and a specificity of 0.877.Delong’s test shows no significant difference in AUC between the two models.Clinical decision curve analysis indicates that both models have good net benefits in predicting EA,with the nomogram effective within the threshold of 0.02 to 0.96 and the random forest model within 0.03 to 0.90.In the external model validation of 50 cases of laparoscopic hernia surgery,both models predicted EA.The nomogram model had a sensitivity of 83.33%,specificity of 86.84%,and accuracy of 86.00%,while the random forest model had a sensitivity of 75.00%,specificity of 78.95%,and accuracy of 78.00%,suggesting that the nomogram model performs better in predicting EA.CONCLUSION Independent predictors of EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair with total intravenous anesthesia combined with caudal block include American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,preoperative anxiety,duration of solid food fasting,duration of clear liquid fasting,presence of an indwelling catheter,and pain level upon waking.The nomogram and random forest models based on these factors can help tailor clinical decisions in the future.

Efficacy of budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder in treating viral pneumonia in children

BACKGROUND Respiratory viruses are increasingly detected in children with communityacquired pneumonia.Further strategies to limit antibiotic use in children with viral pneumonia are warranted.AIM To explore clinical efficacy of budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder for viral pneumonia in children and its impact on cellular immunity and inflammatory factor production.METHODS A total of 60 children with viral pneumonia were recruited:30 receiving budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder and 30 conventional symptomatic treatment.Outcome measures included peripheral blood levels of inflammatory cytokines,CD4^(+),CD8^(+),Th1,Th2,Th17 and Treg,clinical efficacy,and incidence of adverse reactions.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the observation group showed a significant reduction in interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels after treatment.Compared with the control group,the observation group showed a significant increase in CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)and Th1/Th2 levels,and a decrease in Th17/Treg levels after treatment.The total effective rates in the observation group and the control group were 93.75%and 85.00%,respectively,which was a significant difference(P=0.003).CONCLUSION Budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder significantly improved therapeutic efficacy for viral pneumonia in children.The mechanism of action may be related to downregulation of the inflammatory response and improved cellular immune function.

Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Tiotropium Bromide Combined with Budesonide and Formoterol Inhalation in Treating COPD

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of tiotropium bromide(TB)combined with budesonide formoterol(BUD/FM)inhalation in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:62 COPD patients admitted to the hospital between June 2020 and December 2022 were selected as samples for this study.The patients were divided into a combination group and a conventional group using the random number table method,with 31 cases in each group.The patients in the combination group were treated with TB combined with BUD/FM inhalation,whereas the patients in the conventional group were treated with BUD/FM inhalation only.The treatment efficacy and changes in lung function indicators of both groups were compared.Results:The total efficacy of treatment in the combined group was higher than that in the conventional group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no difference in pulmonary function indicators between the two groups(P>0.05).After three months of treatment,all lung function indicators of the combined group were higher than those of the conventional group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Combining TB with BUD/FM inhalation therapy increases the efficacy of treatment for patients with COPD.Besides,it also improves lung function and leads to a better prognosis.

The Development Trend of Enterprise Business Administration and the Innovation of Management Mode

In the context of the new period,the continuous growth of social and economic levels and the rapid update of information technology have significantly impacted the business management of Chinese enterprises,presenting substantial challenges.The intensification of market competition exerts development pressure on many enterprises,and coupled with the unstable strength of some businesses,numerous problems in business management arise.These issues hinder the smooth execution of various business activities.Therefore,it is crucial to ensure effective business administration to conduct different business activities in an orderly manner,promptly avoid adverse risks,and strengthen control over multiple factors.The innovation and improvement of business administration are of great significance for enhancing the management level and market competitiveness of modern enterprises,accelerating their healthy development,and creating numerous opportunities.Consequently,this paper analyzes and explores the development trends of enterprise business administration and the innovation of management models for reference.

Exploring Corporate Tax Compliance in the Era of Digital Tax Collection and Administration:Insights from the“Golden Tax Phase Four”Project

This article primarily examines the current state of tax collection and management,alongside other associated issues.It integrates insights from China’s“14th Five-Year Plan”and anticipates the imminent implementation of the“Golden Tax Phase Four.”With this backdrop,the article offers recommendations for advancing the reform of the tax collection and management system,fostering the development of intelligent taxation,and accelerating the modernization of tax collection and management in China.

Inhalation treatment of lung cancer: the influence of composition, size and shape of nanocarriers on their lung accumulation and retention

Objective： Various nanoparticles have been designed and tested in order to select optimal carriers for the inhalation delivery ofanticancer drugs to the lungs. Methods： q-he following nanocarriers were studied： micelles, liposomes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles （MSNs）, poly propyleneimine （PPI） dendrimer-siRNA complexes nanoparticles, quantum dots （QDs）, and poly （ethylene glycol） polymers. All particles were characterized using the following methods： dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, atomic force microscopy, in vitro cyto- and genotoxicity. In vivo organ distribution of all nanopartides, retention in the lungs, and anticancer effects of liposomes loaded with doxorubicin were examined in nude mice after the pulmonary or intravenous delivery. Results： Significant differences in lung uptake were found after the inhalation delivery of lipid-based and non-lipid-based nanoparticles. The accumulation ofliposomes and miceUes in lungs remained relatively high even 24 h after inhalation when compared with MSNs, Q Ds, and PPI dendrimers. There were notable differences between nanoparticle accumulation in the lungs and other organs 1 and 3 h after inhalation or intravenous administrations, but 24 h after intravenous injection all nanoparticles were mainly accumulated in the liver, kidneys, and spleen. Inhalation delivery of doxorubicin by liposomes significantly enhanced its anticancer effect and prevented severe adverse side effects of the treatment in mice bearing the orthotopic model of lung cancer. Conclusion： The results of the study demonstrate that lipid-based nanocarriers had considerably higher accumulation and longer retention time in the lungs when compared with non-lipid-based carriers after the inhalation delivery. These particles are most suitable for effective inhalation treatment of lung cancer.

TREATMENT OF 50 CASES OF SENILE DEMENTIA BY ACUPUNCTURE COMBINED WITH INHALATION OF HERBAL DRUGS AND OXYGEN

Clinical DataCase selection: 100 cases who met thediagnostic criteria of senile dementiaformulated by American Association ofPsychiatry in Handbook of Diagnosis andStatistics (DSM-Ⅲ-R, 3rd revised edition)

Effects of Oral Administration of Propylene Glycol and Ca-P-Mg Mixture on Milk Quality and SCC of Dairy Cows after Birth

In order to further study the postpartum care technology of dairy cows,the effects of oral administration of propylene glycol or Ca-P-Mg mixture and compound oral rehydration salts on milk quality and SCC of dairy cows after birth were investigated. The results showed that the milk fat and dry matter contents in the dairy cows administered with Ca-P-Mg mixture and compound oral rehydration salts were higher than those in the dairy cows administered with propylene glycol（P 〈0.05）. However, there were no significant differences in milk sugar and protein contents and SCC between the two administration groups.

c-Fos expression within the L_5 spinal cord dorsal horn after spinal nerve ligation in rats Is intraplantar administration of glutamate different from intrathecal administration?

BACKGROUND： Injection of glutamate （Glu） in normal animals can cause neuronal c-Fos expression; however, whether Glu can induce spinal neuronal c-Fos expression in pain models is unclear. OBJECTIVE： To examine the effects of intraplantar and intrathecal injection of Glu on c-Fos expression in the L5 spinal cord dorsal horn Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅲ/Ⅳ layers after spinal nerve ligation, and to study the effects of the N-methyI-D-aspartic acid （NMDA） receptor antagonist, D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate （D-AP5）, and a selective group I mGluR antagonist, 7-hydroyiminocyclo propan[a]chromen-lacarboxylic acid ethyl ester （cpccoEt）. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled animal study was performed at the Department of Pharmacology, Oral Anatomy, and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, from December 2005 to December 2006. MATERIALS： Glu （5 μmol）, D-AP5 （50 nmot） and cpccoEt （250 nmol） were provided by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan, and diluted in saline （50 μL）. The pH of all solutions was adjusted to 7.4. METHODS： Twelve rats were randomly divided into sham operation （n = 6） and spinal nerve ligation （SNL; n = 6） groups for behavioral assessments of neuropathic pain after ligation surgery of the left L5-6 nerve segment. Another 60 rats were randomly divided into sham operation, SNL, saline-intraplantar, saline-intrathecal, Glu-intraplantar, Glu-intrathecal, D-AP5-intrathecal, Glu-D-AP5-intrathecal, cpccoEt-intrathecal, and Glu-cpccoEt-intrathecal groups, with 6 rats in each group. All groups except sham operation group received a similar SNL. On day 14, rats received a 50-μL injection of saline, Glu, D-AP5, and/or cpccoEt into the left intraplantar or intrathecal L5-4 segments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The number of c-Fos positive neurons in both Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅲ/Ⅳ spinal layers at L6 was observed using immunohistochemistry 2 hours after administration. RESULTS： （1） SNL increased the level of c-Fos expression in two sides of the spinal cord, particularly on Ⅲ/Ⅳ spinal layers of the ligated side. （2） Intraplantar or intrathecal administration of saline significantly increased the c-Fos labeled neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱ spinal layers of the ligated side, compared with SNL alone （P 〈 0.01）. （3） Intraplantar Glu （5 μmol） increased the number of c-Fos positive neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱ spinal layers compared with intraplantar saline （P〈 0.01）. （4） The number of c-Fos neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱ spinal layers on both the ipsilateral and contralateral side after intraplantar Glu was lower than intrathecal Glu （P〈 0.01）, with a 3-fold higher induction by intrathecal Glu. （5） Co-administration of D-AP5 or cpccoEt reduced the effects of intrathecal Glu （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Intrathecal Glu increases c-Fos expression more than intraplantar Glu. Antagonists of NMDA and group I mGluRs block this effect.

Administration与Government文化语义辨析及其翻译

本文分析了英语（尤其是美国英语）中administration与government的文化语义差异，认为administration的词义核心是“行政分芰”，将administration翻译为汉语的“政府”不够妥当，该词的恰当汉译为“行府”，而government的汉译是“政府”

New Administration Systems for the World Countries and Sense of Justice ＆ Continuity in the System Administration

In this work, some of the results of the synthesis about the administration systems are expressed. The Author defined four new case theories and 23 main methods, and defined five general political/non-political administration system categories for the world countries. Each system is defined with the related 12 sub blocs to solve the general and specific problems of communities, territories, states and/or countries. Each bloc includes presidency, council, committees, associations and R-autonomous construction. For each of these five administration system categories, and for each of their sub blocs, general/specific system administration construction is defined with its 21 blocs. Importance of both sense of justice and continuity/sustainability are described with the related 21 categories defined for each of these perspective. Types of system administration are defined for five categories of administration systems. General and specific characteristics and possible fundamental and representative duties of country presidency system are defined. Ideal political constructions are defined for each of five general administration system categories. Specific way of integration of the past and present politic/non-politic groups into the ideal political construction is defined in multi dimensional form. Constructional centrism, R-Centrism, R-Continuity, R-Democracy, R-Ideology, R-Philosophy, R-Progressive, R-Religion, R-Science, Progressive Religion, ideal stability chart and some other concepts are defined as constructional and/or complementary basics of the systems. Author defined a criterion to measure the value of a country. Effective weight function of a world country is defined as a mathematical function to inspect, observe the performance and progression of a country inside, and/or in the region, and/or in the world. Basic forms of government are re-constructed and/or re-defined as hybrid-powers for each of these five categories of administration systems and general comparison made with the past/present ones. New political constructions are proposed for different party systems, different federation systems in the world. Applications and realization of the four new case theories and 23 main methods are expressed for all world countries. Author defined new or re-constructed 20 regional unions for the world due to new case theories, and one of them （SEAEU） is already officially declared.

Countries＇ Union and Political/Non-Political Administration Systems for the World Countries

In this work, the author noticed that some/most of the problems in the world countries, are because of the past/present differences, disputes about ethnic origins, federation systems, political and/or religious ideologies, organizations, mythologies, religions/sects, organs of governments, party systems, political systems, basic senses, administrations, and others. Purpose of this work, is to solve these problems for all related sides in a country and/or in the world to obtain continuable （political/non-political） administrative system（s） for the world countries by considering countries＇ union theory. The author considered the ＂synthesis＂ method and evaluated, generally/specifically, all these subjects also related philosophy branches, present political ideology spectrums, power sources and structures, public administrations, science branches by considering nearly 12,000 years written historical period. The author also considered his personal contacts with nearly 80,000 people from different political/non-political groups, and from all different position levels of persons, directly/indirectly. The author defined 21 dimensions of the synthesis to categorise the problems, related solutions, and theories he found. General points that can be evaluate as positive and/or negative about each side are expressed. Basic important concepts and definitions about political/non-political administrations of a world country are defined. General types of organizations and administrations in the world are expressed together with some related problems in the present systems. Good and/or correct perspective that must be behind administration（s） is described. Categories and types of interacted sides are explained. Subjects of services mandatory for a world country are defined. Necessity of the new system（s） for two or more sides is expressed. General types of needs for each world country are defined and categorized due to the domestic and international needs and due to possible interaction between two or more sides. As a conclusion, new political/non-political methods are defined to solve general and specific administrative problems between sides in a world country or between different countries. Theory of countries＇ union system is defined. General principles and sense of justice which are necessary for establishing countries＇ union between any two countries are defined.

Current Issues and Development Strategies of Building the Discipline of Pharmacy Administration at Pharmacy Schools in China

The history and current status of Pharmacy Administration discipline atpharmacy schools in China are illustrated. Several current issues are explored including: (1)insufficient teaching organizations and curriculum, (2) faculty deficiency both in quantity andquality, and (3) much improvement needed in the scope, methodology, and sophistication of research.Several development strategies are formulated such as (1) integrating native education resources inorder to better foster quality professionals, (2) accelerating inter-university cooperation both inteaching and research, and (3) studying the regularites of discipline development and enhancinginternational exchange.

A Comparative Analysis of the Administration of Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College during 2012-2014

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the application and administration of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College,aiming at providing guidance and reference for clinical medication for treatment of diabetes.[Method] The main types,dosages and prices of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College during 2012-2014 were compared and analyzed using the computer network system.[Result] During 2012-2014,sales quantity and sales amount of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College demonstrated an upward trend.[Conclusion] Integrative medicine can significantly improve symptoms of diabetes complications.Certain achievements have been made in diabetes treatment by Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College.

Fifty-six Cases of Stubborn Eczema Treated by Oral Administration and Topical Application of Herbal Medicine

Eczema is a kind of very common dermatopathy. The cases with a long course of illness and hard to be cured are termed as stubborn eczema. We have obtained good results in its treatment since 1995 with the Chu Shi Tang (除湿汤Dampness-Clearing Decoction) for oral intake and the Fu Fang Ku Shen Xi Ye (复方苦参洗液) for topical application. The following is a clinical report for treating 56 patients with stubborn eczema.

Combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation attenuates lung and intestine injury

AIM:To study the effects of combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation on septic shockinduced lung and intestine injuries.METHODS:Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group(Group A,n = 15);septic shock group(Group B,n = 15);early fluid resuscitation-treated septic shock group(Group C,n = 15);and early fluid resuscitation and inhalation of 2% hydrogentreated septic shock group(Group D,n = 15).The activity of hydroxyl radicals,myeloperoxidase(MPO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),diamine oxidase(DAO),and the concentration of malonaldehyde(MDA) in the lung and intestinal tissue were assessed according to the corresponding kits.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was carried out to detect the pathology of the lung and intestine.The expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in lung and intestine tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.The expression levels of Fas and Bcl2 in lung tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS:Septic shock elicited a significant increase in the levels of MDA(10.17 ± 1.12 nmol/mg protein vs 2.98 ± 0.64 nmol/mg protein) and MPO(6.79 ± 1.02 U/g wet tissue vs 1.69 ± 0.14 U/g wet tissue) in lung tissues.These effects were not significantly decreased by Group C pretreatment,but were significantly reduced by Group D pretreatment(MDA:4.45 ± 1.13 nmol/mg protein vs 9.56 ± 1.37 nmol/mg protein;MPO:2.58 ± 0.21 U/g wet tissue vs 6.02 ± 1.16 U/g wet tissue).The activity of SOD(250.32 ± 8.56 U/mg protein vs 365.78 ± 10.26 U/mg protein) in lung tissues was decreased after septic shock,and was not significantly increased by Group C pretreatment,but was significantly enhanced by Group D pretreatment(331.15 ± 9.64 U/mg protein vs 262.98 ± 5.47 U/mg protein).Histological evidence of lung hemorrhage,neutrophil infiltration and overexpression of IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-α was observed in lung tissues,all of which were attenuated by Group C and further alleviated by Group D pretreatment.Septic shock also elicited a significant increase in the levels of MDA,MPO and DAO(6.54 ± 0.68 kU/L vs 4.32 ± 0.33 kU/L) in intestinal tissues,all of which were further increased by Group C,but significantly reduced by Group D pretreatment.Increased Chiu scoring and overexpression of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α were observed in intestinal tissues,all of which were attenuated by Group C and further attenuated by Group D pretreatment.CONCLUSION:Combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation may protect the lung and intestine of the septic shock rats from the damage induced by oxidative stress and the inflammatory reaction.