The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire： A Pilot Study on the Reliability and Validity of the Self-report Version to Measure the Mental Health of Zambian Adolescents

The study had the objective of exploring the feasibility of using the self-report SDQ-Y （youth version of strengths and difficulties questionnaire） to assess the emotional and behavioural well being of adolescents in Zambia. This was a cross sectional study of Lusaka school children （n = 420） aged 11-15 years using the self-report SDQ-Y and a demographic questionnaire. It was found that compared to a UK normative sample, Zambian adolescents were almost twice as likely to have total difficulties scores in the abnormal range （O.R. 1.9）. It was found that there was a significant difference in the total SDQ scores （Z = -2.67, P = 0.008） with children reporting health problems having significantly higher scores. Children reporting health problems also had significantly more emotional problems （Z = -2.78, P = 0.005）. There was a trend for children with health problems to score higher on the hyperactivity scale （Z = -1.9 P = 0.053）. The internal consistency of SDQ subscales ranged from low to moderate. It can be concluded that SDQ is a useful instrument for use with Zambian adolescents, in particular, the total difficulties score and the emotional difficulties score performed well in this sample and could potentially be used to screen for mental health problems or to examine the impact of interventions.

Reliability and validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Greek adolescents and their parents

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief screening measure of emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess reliability and validity of the Greek version of the SDQ. A representative Greek sample of 1194 adolescents (aged 11 to 17 years) and their parents completed the SDQ along with other measures. Internal consistency reliability was determined by calculation of the Cronbach α coefficient. Varimax Orthogonal Transformation was conducted to test the factor structure of the questionnaire. Validity was further examined by investigating the correlation of the SDQ with the KIDSCREEN questionnaire and its association with demographic factors. The inter-rater agreement between parent and self-reports was analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to determine test-retest stability. For both parent and the self-report SDQ versions, most items loaded onto their predicted factors in consistency with the originally proposed five-factor structure. Internal consistency reliability was acceptable with a Cronbach α above 0.70 for all SDQ scales except for conduct and peer problems. Inter-rater correlations ranged from 0.33 to 0.45. Test-retest stability was good (ICCs > 0.60). Correlation coefficients between the SDQ and KIDSCREEN questionnaire were significant. Small effect sizes (d > 0.5) of the socioeconomic status were found for all of the SDQ scale mean scores. In conclusion, the SDQ was found to have satisfying psychometric properties and could be suitable for assessing emotional and behavioural problems in Greek adolescents.

Development of a Self-Assessment Questionnaire for Nurses’ Risk-Taking Behavior in Medication

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prepare a self-assessment questionnaire for nurses’ risk-taking behavior (RTB) in medication and to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire. Method: In the first study, a draft of the self-evaluation questionnaire for nurses’ RTB in medication was prepared based on the literature study and qualitative analysis of important case information included in the Project to Collect Medical Near-miss/Adverse Event Information Annual Report of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Following the studies, face validity was confirmed, and a questionnaire survey was conducted for nurses who oversee medication nationwide to verify the reliability and validity. Result: The number of subjects was 586 (valid response rate: 94.1%). Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis showed that 4 factors and 12 items for the RTBs in daily life and 4 factors and 20 items for RTBs in medication could be extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fit of the hypothetical model obtained by exploratory factor analysis. In addition, Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.888. Thus, high reliability and validity were obtained. A correlation was found by comparing the total scores of each RTB factor with the incident/accident group, and a standard for self-evaluation value could be established (p < 0.01). Conclusions: We were able to develop a self-assessment questionnaire for nurses’ risk-taking behavior in medication. This questionnaire will be used by nurses to find out their trends.

Evaluation of the Effects of Sugary Beverages on the Health of Adolescent Students in Guangxi Based on Health System Function Scores

Objective:To evaluate the health effects of sugary beverage consumption among adolescent students in Guangxi.Methods:In three cities of Guangxi(Nanning,Liuzhou,and Guilin),we investigated the consumption of sugary beverages by distributing a self-administered Functional Assessment Questionnaire of Life Health System and a Dietary Behavior Questionnaire(this paper analyzes only the part of sugary beverage consumption)to adolescent students in four schools,aiming to find out the general health status of the students and also to assess the effects of sugary beverages on the functional system health of adolescent students.Results:A total of 953 adolescent students between the ages of 14 and 24 were surveyed.Among them,46.17%consumed sugary beverages once a week;37.46%consumed them 2-3 times;11.52%consumed them more than 3 times;and 4.83%consumed them every day.The mean score of Functional Assessment Questionnaire of Life Health System was 32.There was a positive correlation between the frequency of consumption of sugary beverages and the overall systemic function assessment score(P<0.05),and the rank of the total score elevated by 0.314 times for each increase in the level of consumption.Compared to those who drink sugary beverages at least once a day,drinking them once a week showed a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference between drinking 2-3 times a week and more than 3 times a week(P>0.05).The correlation between consuming sugary beverages once a week and 2-3 times a week and endocrine system scores was also statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:More than half of the students in the surveyed areas consumed sugary beverages two or more times a week,and the higher the frequency of consumption,the higher the scores of systemic function assessment.Health education on sugar reduction among adolescents should be strengthened.

Popularity, likeability, and risk-taking in middle adolescence

This study investigated the roles of adolescent popularity and likeability in eight domains of risk-taking in Australian grade 9 students (53% girls). The eight domains included previously examined areas of aggressive behaviours, alcohol use, and sexual intercourse, and areas where there is scarce information, including antisocial activities, unprotected intercourse, body image-related risk-taking, unsafe road practices, and stranger-related risk-taking. The results indicated a clear association between popularity and higher risk-taking in five of the eight domains. This is contrasted with likeability, which was not directly related to risk-taking aside from one two-way interaction with gender for sexual intercourse. The findings demonstrate the importance of including a broader range of risk-taking activities when considering popularity, particularly stranger-related risk-taking.

Recall of past activity levels in young adults is predictive of adolescent activity levels

Purpose: To determine whether a global physical activity question (GPAq) administered in young adulthood can be used to accurately rank former physical activity levels (PA) relative to peers of the same age and sex during adolescence. Methods: Data were obtained from the Physical Activity in Young Adults Study, a 10- year follow-up study of 12 - 16 year old adolescents. Five hundred twenty-eight young adults, mean age 24.5 (±1.0) years, completed a GPAq regarding current and past (adolescent) PA. GPAq answers were used to determine whether young adults could accurately rank their past (adolescent) PA levels relative to peers of the same age and sex. GPAq responses were compared with actual self-reported PA levels assessed by the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (MAQ-A;collected during adolescence). For adolescent PA, an average of 4 years of activity from the MAQ-A 1990-1993, was used. Results: Regardless of gender, Jonckheere-Terpstra tests for trend (p < 0.0001) suggest significant linear trends across categories of PA level for the MAQ-A. Higher perceived PA tracked with greater past PA activity and lower perceived PA tracked with lower past PA activity. Conclusions: Young adults who classified themselves as more active as an adolescent were found to be relatively more active based upon self-reported activity from recall questionnaires collected during that time. These findings suggest that young adults can reasonably estimate relative PA levels during their adolescent years with GPAq. Global physical activity questions may be valid for the assessment and classification of previous PA levels.

Psychometrics of the SDQ-I for Palestinian Adolescent Students

The Self-description Questionnaire-I(SDQ-I)is a multidimensional instrument that measures eight self-concept facets hypothesized in Shavelson’s hierarchical model.This study investigated self-concept in a sample of Palestinian adolescent students using an Arabic version of the SDQ-I.Three-hundred sixty adolescents(163 girls and 197 boys)aged 13 to 16 years(M=14.3,SD=.87)participated.The 72-item SDQ-I was administered in four Palestinian schools to assess the psychometric properties of the SDQ-I.This included the factor structure and the internal consistency reliability of the SDQ-I subscales and mean score responses of Palestinian self-concept.Factor analysis results,which accounted for the majority of the variance,supported an underlying general self-concept factor structure that demonstrated the eight factors that the SDQ-I is designed to measure.This is consistent with previous studies in similar age groups and the SDQ-I reliabilities were similar to those reported in the literature.Students perceived total self-concept positively(mean=3.71).Three facets of self-concept(parent relations,reading,and general self-concept)indicated high positive self-concept.Correlations among the different dimensions were consistent with the hierarchical structure in Shavelson’s model.Overall,the findings provided compelling support for Shavelson’s model,and the structure validity of Western self-concept measure.Interpretations were provided for the discrepancies regarding the Palestinian-Arab culture.

中文版自我管理和过渡期准备问卷在青少年癫痫患者中的信度、效度检验

目的检验中文版自我管理和过渡期准备问卷[self-management and transition to adulthood with Rx=treatment(STARx)questionnaire]在青少年癫痫患者中的信度和效度。方法采用便利抽样法,选取436名确诊癫痫的青少年患者为研究对象,样本1共250例,采用条目水平的内容效度指数(item-level content validity index,I-CVI)和问卷水平的内容效度指数(scale-level content validity index,S-CVI)评价问卷的内容效度,采用探索性因子分析对量表结构进行探索,采用Cronbachα系数评价量表的内部一致性信度。样本2186例,采用验证性因子分析验证量表的结构效度,采用Cronbachα系数、Spearman-Brown系数和重测信度系数评价量表的信度。结果中文版STARx的总条目内容效度指数为0.981,条目水平的内容效度指数为0.833~1.000;问卷探索性因子分析,特征值>1的公因子有4个,累积方差贡献率为70.309%,且各条目在其公因子上的负荷值为0.636~0.831,较原问卷6个维度减少了2个维度;验证性因子分析显示,卡方比自由度(chi-square/degree of freedom,χ^(2)/df)为2.53(<3),近似误差均方根为0.091(<0.1),数据与模型的拟合度良好;问卷总的Cronbachα系数为0.917,折半信度为0.730,重测信度为0.940。结论STARx在青少年癫痫患者的检验中显示信度、效度良好,可作为评价癫痫青少年至成人过渡期准备水平的有效工具。

青少年网络责任问卷的研制与应用

通过理论分析和实证调研,从构建网络责任理论维度,据此编制青少年网络责任问卷,对3632名青少年学生进行测试。结果显示:该问卷的信度和效度指标良好,可用来测量青少年网络责任情况。研究发现,青少年网络责任问题率为30.4%,初中生显著高于大学生;男生在色情抵制、攻击抑制、诈骗反制、游戏控制、角色自制和总的网络责任问题方面检出率均高于女生;性别、家庭结构和家庭居住地是青少年网络责任问题的影响因素。

儿科护士的慢性病患儿过渡期护理态度问卷编制及信效度检验

目的编制儿科护士对慢性病患儿过渡期护理态度问卷并检验其信效度。方法以态度理论为框架,结合文献回顾、专家咨询和预调查,形成初始问卷。2022年10—11月,采用便利抽样法选取武汉市某三级甲等医院299名符合纳排标准的儿科护士进行正式调查并进行信效度分析。采用SPSS 26.0和AMOS软件对问卷进行因子分析及信效度分析。结果构建的儿科护士对慢性病患儿过渡期护理态度问卷包括认知、情感、行为意向3个维度,29个条目。问卷总Cronbachα系数为0.973,折半信度为0.971,问卷总内容效度指数为0.984,各条目内容效度指数为0.875~1.000探索性因子分析共提取3个公因子,累积方差贡献率为89.472%,验证性因子分析结果显示模型拟合度良好(χ^(2)/df=2.845,χ^(2)=1063.937,df=374,P<0.001,RMSEA=0.077),问卷因子结构良好。结论研制的儿科护士对慢性病患儿过渡期护理态度问卷信效度良好,可作为儿科护士对慢性病患儿过渡期护理态度的评价工具,为慢性病患儿过渡期护理的实践提供参考。

青少年父母监控问卷的编制及信效度检验

目的:编制青少年父母监控问卷以及检验信效度。方法:通过文献研究、开放式问卷调查以及专业人员评定形成预测问卷,以716名青少年为研究对象进行项目分析和探索性因素分析,对770名青少年进行信效度检验和验证性因素分析,最后获得正式问卷。结果:青少年父母监控问卷共有8个题项,包括知晓性和规范性2个维度。问卷的Cronbachα系数为0.81,各维度与总分相关以及维度间相关在0.48~0.89(P<0.001)。以亲社会行为作为校标,维度得分及总分与亲社会行为呈显著正相关(P<0.001)。验证性因素分析显示模型拟合良好(χ^(2)/df=4.82,CFI=0.98,TLI=0.95,RMSEA=0.06,SRMR=0.03)。结论:本研究编制的青少年父母监控问卷具有良好的信度和效度,可有效测量青少年的父母监控水平。

短视频使用控制失败量表的编制及信效度检验

编制适用于中国文化背景下的青少年短视频使用控制失败量表,并检验其信效度。结果显示:正式问卷为单因素,共6个项目,内部一致性系数为0.912,项目负荷在0.623~0.895之间,方差贡献率为58.047%;验证性因素分析显示,单因子模型拟合良好,χ^(2)/df=1.94,RMSEA=0.055,CFI=0.993,TLI=0.988,SRMR=0.017;问卷分半信度为0.965,30 d后重测信度为0.911。结论:研究编制的青少年短视频使用控制失败量表具有较好的心理测量学指标,可以用于中国青少年中短视频使用控制失败的研究。

青少年在线学习心智游移问卷的编制及信效度检验

目的编制青少年在线学习心智游移问卷,并对其信效度进行分析检验。方法通过文献分析和半结构式访谈编制青少年在线学习心智游移问卷。运用初始问卷(57个项目)对初测被试施测,回收有效问卷194份。初始问卷数据经分析处理后形成正式问卷(3个维度,40个项目),并对正式被试施测,回收有效问卷433份。对问卷进行项目分析和因子分析,并检验信度和效度。结果青少年在线学习心智游移问卷的内部一致性Cronbach’sα系数为0.975,分半信度为0.922,KMO值为0.948,具有良好的信度和效度;χ^(2)/df=3.191,RMSEA=0.071,IFI、CFI、TLI均在0.8以上,三维模型具有良好的拟合度;问卷与效标中文版心智游移问卷和正念注意觉知量表显著相关(r=0.764,P=0.000;r=0.724,P=0.000)。结论青少年在线学习心智游移问卷具有良好的模型结构及信效度指标,可作为青少年在线学习心智游移情况的测量工具。

青少年亚健康多维评定问卷信度和效度评价

目的评价青少年亚健康多维评定问卷的信度和效度。方法整群抽取安徽省蚌埠市的中学生、大一～大三的大学生共7104名。运用《青少年亚健康多维评定问卷》进行自我评定，计算Cronbach a系数和分半信度系数，采用因子分析评价结构效度；2周后对128名中学和大学生重测，计算重测相关系数；同时对85名学生运用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、Cornell医学指数（CMI）问卷进行自我评定，对亚健康问卷的效标关联效度进行评价。结果量表的重测相关系数、Cronbaeh a系数、分半信度系数分别为0．868，0．9576，0．9420；以症状自评量表（SCL-90）、Comell医学指数（CMI）问卷作为效标，效标关联效度分别为0．636，0．649。结论青少年亚健康多维评定问卷可信、有效、敏感，可以作为青少年亚健康状态的测评工具。

青少年学生体像烦恼问卷的编制及信效度研究

目的编制青少年学生体像烦恼问卷,并检测问卷的信效度,为心理辅导对策研究提供测查工具.方法在问卷调查、访谈和文献综述的基础上,运用因素分析技术,对大、中学生2 981名进行测试,对自行编制的青少年学生体像烦恼问卷的内在结构进行了探讨.结果青少年学生体像烦恼由4个因素构成,包括容貌烦恼、形体烦恼、性器官烦恼和性别烦恼.全问卷同质信度Cronbach α系数为0.615 3,重测信度为0.777;各分量表与总量表的相关系数在0.447～0.786之间,各分量表间的相关系数都低于各分量表与总量表分之间的相关系数.结论青少年学生体像烦恼问卷的信、效度均较理想,符合心理测量学要求.

青少年亚健康多维评定问卷反应度分析

目的评价《青少年亚健康多维评定问卷》的反应度。方法对413名大一学生和1 337名高一、高三学生进行问卷调查。比较高中不同年级学生反应度差异;大一学生在3个月后进行重测,评价前后变化情况。结果大一新生入学4个月时的生理、心理领域和总体的评分以及亚健康症状持续时间达1个月以上项目数,低于入学1个月时评分和项目数,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);高一学生生理、心理领域和总体的评分及亚健康症状持续时间达1个月以上的项目数均少于高三学生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论《青少年亚健康多维评定问卷》具有较好的反应度,可以在大样本人群中推广使用。

我国青少年亚健康多维评定问卷的编制与应用研究

目的编制适合我国青少年亚健康多维评定问卷。方法从躯体亚健康领域(包括躯体活力不足、生理功能减退、抵抗力下降3个维度)和心理亚健康领域(包括情绪问题、品行问题、社会适应困难3个维度)筛选出101个项目,构成初始问卷,运用多种统计学方法进行项目分析,评价信度和效度。结果71个项目组成了"青少年亚健康多维评定问卷",该问卷的重测相关系数、Cronbachα系数、分半信度系数分别为0.868、0.958、0.942;与SCL-90、CMI问卷的效标关联效度分别为0.636、0.649;因子分析显示该问卷的结构与理论构想一致。大一新生入学1个月与入学4个月之间,高一和高三学生之间,其得分和持续时间大于1个月的项目数均有显著性差异。结论青少年亚健康多维评定问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可以在更大范围推广使用。

以整体观分析校外青少年对艾滋病的易感脆弱性

目的:通过了解校外青少年生存状况、同伴关系、艾滋病认知、获得的相关服务等,以整体观揭示校外青少年艾滋病脆弱性的相关因素。方法:采取整群随机抽样方法,使用自行设计的自填问卷,于2005年10月调查辽宁省鞍山市从事餐饮、娱乐、服务工作和社区无业/待业的校外青少年584人。结果:校外青少年艾滋病知识知晓率仅为58.9%,65.6%的人从未得到过任何艾滋病预防相关服务;校外青少年性行为发生率为42.6%,男性(62.3%)高于女性(37.7%),其中30.5%的人很少或从不使用安全套,最近一次性行为不使用安全套的比例为51.2%;28.2%的调查对象曾发生过性交易。22人(3.8%)使用过摇头丸、K粉等毒品,使用过毒品者性行为、性交易发生率高于未使用过毒品者。年龄、吸烟、过量饮酒、光顾娱乐场所、月消费高是发生性行为的主要危险因素,艾滋病认知是保护因素。结论:校外青少年在性行为、毒品使用、同伴影响、社会环境以及艾滋病相关服务方面存在感染艾滋病的脆弱性。

中国青少年亚健康多维问卷编制

目的筛选与青少年亚健康相关的评定项目,为初步编制适合于我国青少年的多维亚健康评定问卷提供依据。方法在广泛查阅文献的基础上建立问卷的初始项目库,经过筛选和专家咨询,初步确定101条项目(躯体亚健康评定项目42条,心理亚健康评定项目59条)组成原始问卷;以某市4 626名初中、高中学生和某医科大学1 842名大学生作为调查对象进行预试验。结合两样本t检验、相关性分析、因子分析等统计学方法对问卷的项目进行筛选。结果通过项目分析,初步确定了亚健康问卷由71条项目组成。其中,躯体亚健康评定项目32条,心理亚健康评定项目39条。结论初步完成了青少年亚健康多维评定问卷的编制工作,需进一步对问卷的信度和效度进行分析评价。

我国青少年生活方式、自尊与生活满意度的关系研究

目的:探讨我国青少年生活方式、生活满意度以及自尊的关系。方法:采用青少年生活方式量表、Rosen-berg自尊量表对全国九省(自治区、直辖市)的10899名初中、高中及大学在校学生进行调查。结果:不同地区、年级青少年在不同生活方式和生活满意度类型上的分布存在差异(χ2=248.93,P<0.01;χ2=568.53,P<0.01)。有58.9%的大城市青少年的生活方式健康程度高,且生活满意度高;而生活在乡镇农村的青少年,生活方式健康程度低,且生活满意度低的人占大多数(58.9%)。初中生生活方式健康程度高且满意度高的学生占全体初中生的61.8%,高中和大学生中,该比例分别降为48.5%和21.3%。高中生生活方式健康程度高但不满意的学生占7.6%,高于初中生(4.1%)和大学生(3.6%)。另外,有很高比例的大学生(71.6%)生活方式健康程度低,且生活满意度低。生活方式与自尊、生活满意度存在显著的正相关(r=0.472,P<0.01;r=0.636,P<0.01),自尊与生活满意度存在显著的正相关(r=0.450,P<0.01),且自尊是生活方式和生活满意度的中介变量。结论:我国青少年生活方式和生活满意度整体情况良好,但存在地区和年级差异,生活方式通过自尊对生活满意度有正向预测作用。对我国青少年进行生活方式健康教育应考虑地区和年级差异,同时应积极关注心理因素的影响。