Initial experience with robot-assisted adrenalectomy for giant adrenal tumors

Dear Editor,Adrenocortical carcinomas and adrenal cysts,including pseudocysts,are uncommon tumors[1,2].No consistent approach to surgery for large adrenal tumors including cysts,has been established,and especially when malignancy is suspected,consideration is still given to the option of laparotomy.Using robot-assisted surgery,we successfully performed the resection of a giant adrenal pseudocyst and a giant adrenocortical carcinoma,as reported previously[3],underlining the advantages of robot-assisted surgery for large adrenal tumors.

Surgical Management of Adrenal Tumors: Experience of Three Tertiary Hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon

Introduction: Surgical management of adrenal tumors has greatly improved over the past years, with laparoscopic adrenalectomy being the gold standard. However, Open adrenalectomy is indicated in large adrenal tumors, malignant tumors and large phaeochromocytomas. We report surgical outcomes of 18 cases of functional adrenal tumors from 2007 to 2022. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional and descriptive study in three tertiary hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon. We reviewed files of patients who underwent adrenalectomy over a period of 15 years from July 2007 to July 2022. Clinical and diagnostic components of adrenal tumors, indications and surgical outcomes were analyzed. Results: A total of 18 patients were included in our study. The average age of patients was 38.33 years, with a female-to-male sex ratio of 2:1. Weight gain (72.2%) was the most represented clinical sign. The secretory nature of tumor and malignancy represented 55.5% and 33.3% of the operative indications and all 18 (100%) of the patients had open adrenalectomy. Vascular injury was the most common intraoperative complication with 5.63%, while acute adrenal insufficiency (16.7%) was the most common post-operative complication. The average tumor size was 6.22 cm and the mean duration of hospitalization was 11.61 days. Adenoma 7 (38.9%) and adrenocortical carcinoma 5 (27.8%) were the frequent histological types. One patient died two months post-surgery from anemia-related complications. Conclusion: The success of adrenal surgery is linked to multidisciplinary patient care and the experience of the surgeon. Conventional surgery still has indications with satisfactory short- and medium-term results in our context.

Association of erythropoietin gene rs576236 polymorphism and risk of adrenal tumors in a Chinese population

Erythropoietin（EPO） is a circulating glycosylated protein hormone and has been implicated in the development and progression of non-hematopoietic tissue tumors.The objective of the present study was to determine if the EPO rs576236 polymorphism was associated with the risk of adrenal tumors.We genotyped the EPO rs576236 polymorphism in a case-control study of 288 adrenal tumor patients and 456 cancer-free controls by using the TaqMan method,and assessed the association between the polymorphism and the adrenal tumor risk by logistic regression.Furthermore,95%confidence interval（CI） was used to assess the genetic association between the polymorphism and the risk of adrenal tumor.Compared with the TT genotype,the TC genotype had a significantly increased risk of adrenal tumor[adjusted odds ratio（OR） = 1.24,95%CI = 1.12-2.22].Furthermore a significantly increased risk of adrenal tumor was found in the combined variant genotypes TC＋CC compared with the TT genotype（adjusted OR = 1.17,95%CI = 1.12-2.21）.Our present study suggests that the rs576236 polymorphism of EPO confers susceptibility to adrenal tumor in the Chinese population.

Giant adrenal tumor presenting as Cushing’s syndrome and pheochromocytoma:A case report

We report a case of a 35-year-old lady who presented with Cushingoid features and associated raised urinary metanephrine.The patient underwent open adrenelectomy.Histopathological examination revealed adreno-cortical carcinoma with microscopic lymphovascular invasion.Postoperative period was uneventful and is on follow-up for the last one year and is doing well.

Early Identification and Diagnosis of Adrenal Crisis after Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Unilateral Adrenalectomy

The occurrence of adrenal crisis after retroperitoneal laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy is usually concealed.If not timely diagnosis and treatment,it may cause shock,and even lead to death.It is very difficult to distinguish the clinical manifestations of adrenal crisis from nausea,vomiting,fatigue,gas separation from the lower diaphragm,abdominal pain,hypotension,hypertension,fever and hypothermia after operation.This makes it very difficult to identify and diagnose adrenal crisis early.This article mainly discusses the early recognition,diagnosis and treatment of adrenal crisis after unilateral adrenalectomy by retroperitoneoscope.

Application of retroperitoneal laparoscopy and robotic surgery in complex adrenal tumors

As a surgical method for the treatment of adrenal surgical diseases,laparoscopy has the advantages of small trauma,short operation time,less bleeding,and fast postoperative recovery.It is considered as the gold standard for the treatment of adrenal surgical diseases.Retroperitoneal laparoscopy is widely used because it does not pass through the abdominal cavity,does not interfere with internal organs,and has little effect on gastrointestinal function.However,complex adrenal tumors have the characteristics of large volume,compression of adjacent tissues,and invasion of surrounding tissues,so they are rarely treated by retroperitoneal laparoscopy.In recent years,with the development of laparoscopic technology and the progress of surgical technology,robotic surgery has been gradually applied to the surgical treatment of complex adrenal tumors.This paper reviews the clinical application of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery in the treatment of complex adrenal tumors.

Surgical approaches of adrenal tumors( report of 1077 cases)

Objective To identify the optimal surgical approaches for the resection of adrenal tumors. Methods The choices and effects of surgical approaches in 1 077 patients with adrenal tumors of varying sizes and types were analyzed. Results An 11th or 10th intercostal incision was used for 567 cases of aldosterone-producing adrenocortical tumors (APA) and Cushing syndrome (CUS). An llth or 10th incision was used in 173 cases of pheochromocytomas and 136 cases of incidental tumors. Transabdominal approach was performed in 136 cases of pheochromocytomas and 22 cases of incidental tumors. Twenty-five patients recieving thoracoabdominal approach were all those with pheochromocytomas or incidental tumors. Nine patients with adrenal tomors less than 4 cm in diameter received laparoscopic surgery. Surgeries included 1 060 cases of tumor resection and 17 cases of biopsies, and splenectomy was procedured in 9 patients simultaneously. The main complication of 11th or 10th intercostal incision approach was pleural

Nuclear imaging to characterize adrenal tumors: Comparison with MRI

AIM:To describe the role of nuclear imaging modalities using nor-cholesterol,metaiodobenzylguanidine(MIBG)and fluorine-deoxy-glucose(FDG)in adrenal tumors for lesion characterization in comparison with magnetic resonance(MR).METHODS:Population was classified in group 1 consisting of 30 patients with non-hypersecreting unilateral adrenal masses,in group 2 consisting of 34 patients with hypersecreting(n=19)or non-hypersecreting(n=15)adrenal adenomas and in group 3 consisting of 18 patients with chromaffin-tissue tumors(CTT),of which 14 were pheochromocytomas while 4 were paragangliomas(n=4).All patients underwent MR and nuclear studies(nor-cholesterol,MIBG and FDG).Pathology samples(n=63)or follow-up data in adenomas(n=19)were used as standard of reference forimaging studies interpretation.RESULTS:In group 1,MR findings were not highly accurate for lesion characterization,while the results of nuclear scans showed abnormal nor-cholesterol,MIBG and FDG concentration in all cases of adenomas,pheos and malignant tumors,respectively.In group 2,no differences in MR parameters were found between hyperfunctioning and non-hyperfunctioning adenomas,while nor-cholesterol uptake was significantly higher in hyperfunctioning compared to non-hyperfunctioning lesions.In group 3,no differences in MR parameters were found between benign and malignant CCT,while MIBG uptake was significantly higher in malignant compared to benign tumors.CONCLUSION:On the basis of our findings,nuclear imaging modalities using specific target agents are able to better characterize adrenal tumors,compared with MR.In particular,radionuclide techniques are able to identify the nature of adrenal incidentalomas and to differentiate between hypersecreting and non-hypersecreting adenomas as well as between benign and malignant CTT.

Laparoendoscopic single site,laparoscopic or open surgery for adrenal tumors:Selecting the optimal approach

Numerous surgical modalities are available to treat adrenal lesions. Minimally-invasive approaches for adrenalectomy are indicated in most circumstances, and new evidence continues to be accumulated. In this context, current indications for open surgical adrenalectomy(OS-A), minimally-invasive adrenalectomy(MI-A), and laparoendoscopic single-site adrenalectomy(LESS-A) remain unclear. A comprehensive Englishlanguage literature review was performed using MEDLINE/Pub MED to identify articles and guidelines pertinent to the surgical management of adrenal tumors. A comprehensive chart review was performed for three illustrative cases. Clinical recommendations were generated based on relevant literature and the expertise of the investigator group. MI-A offers advantages over OS-A in properly selected patients, who experience fewer complications, lower blood loss, and shorter hospital stays. Robot-assisted laparoscopic and retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy may offer advantages over transperitoneal surgery, and LESS-A may be an even less-invasive option that will require further evaluation. MI-A remains the surgical treatment of choice for most adrenal lesions. Tumor size and stage are the primary indications for selecting alternative treatment modalities. OS-A remains the gold standard for large tumors(> 10 cm) and suspected or known advanced stage malignancy. LESS-A appears to be an appropriate initial approach for small tumors(< 4-5 cm), including pheochromocytoma and isolated adrenal metastases.

Primary Adrenal Tumors-Five Years Single Centre Experience

Primary adrenal tumors are less commonly encountered in clinic. They may be functional/non-functional and noted incidentally when investigating for other problems. However there is no study available in Asian countries, and especially India regarding the incidence and natural history of these tumors. We carried out a study on adrenal tumors noted in our set-up for last five years to document the prevalence of adrenal tumors, their presentation along with the most common tumor followed by incidence of other tumors and their clinical and pathological presentation. This was a retrospective study in our hospital from June 2006 to 2011. 29 adrenalectomies performed over 5 years. Their clinical presentation and investigations were recorded and analyzed. Adrenal tumors accounted for 0.6% of total surgical specimens, 18 out of 29 belonged to males. Majority (85.2%) of the patients were adults with mean age, 39.8 years. Majority (79.3%) had presented with symptoms, incidentalomas were found in 20.7% patients out of which 2 belonged to potential kidney donors. Nonfunctioning tumors were noted in 58.6% patients. Pheochromocytoma was the commonest tumor noted in 68.9% followed by adrenal cortical adenoma in 13.7%, carcinoma in 6.9% and lipoma, myelolipoma and ganglioneuroma, 3.45% each. All the patients are doing well over a mean follow-up of 2.5 years. To our knowledge this is the first study on incidence and natural history of primary adrenal tumors which are less commonly encountered and usually have good prognosis.

Primary adrenal Ewing sarcoma:A systematic review of the literature

BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma(ES)is a malignant neoplasm of neuroectodermal origin and is commonly observed in children and young adults.The musculoskeletal system is the main body system impacted and ES is rarely seen in the visceral organs particularly the adrenal gland.AIM To present a comprehensive review of primary adrenal ES,with emphasis on diagnosis,therapy and oncological outcomes.METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020.PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE and Google Scholar bibliographic databases were searched to identify articles from 1989 to 2022 and included patients with ES/primitive neuroectodermal tumor(PNET)of the adrenal gland.PubMed,Google Scholar and EMBASE medical databases were searched,combining the terms“adrenal”,“ES”and“PNET”.Demographic,clinical,pathological and oncological data of patients were analyzed by SPSS version 29.0.RESULTS A total of 52 studies were included for review(47 case reports and 5 case series)with 66 patients reported to have primary adrenal ES.Mean age at diagnosis was 26.4±15.4 years(37.9%males,57.6%females,sex not reported in 3 cases).The most frequent complaint was abdominal/flank pain or discomfort(46.4%)followed by a palpable mass(25.0%),and the average duration of symptoms was 2.6±3.1 mo.The imaging modality of choice was computed tomography scan(81.5%),followed by magnetic resonance imaging(20.4%).Preoperative staging revealed that 17 tumors(27.9%)were metastatic and 14 patients had inferior vena cava or renal vein neoplastic thrombus at initial diagnosis.Open adrenalectomy was performed in the majority of cases(80.0%),of which 27.9%required more extensive resection.Minimally invasive surgery was attempted in 8.2%of tumors.Complete surgical resection was achieved in 89.4%of the patients.Adjuvant therapy was administered to 32 patients,in the form of chemotherapy(62.5%),radiotherapy(3.1%)or combination(34.4%).Median overall survival was 15 mo and 24-mo overall survival was 40.5%.Median disease-free survival was 10 mo and 24-mo disease-free survival was 33.3%.CONCLUSION The significant progress in molecular biology and genetics of ES does not reflect on patient outcomes.ES remains an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and high mortality.

Role of adrenalectomy in recurrent Cushing＇s disease

Background Cushing＇s disease is a pituitary-dependent type of Cushing＇s syndrome. Treatment consists of pituitary surgery or radiotherapy, but the recurrence rate at 10 years is as high as 40%. Adrenalectomy is considered an effective treatment to refractory Cushing＇s disease. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of laparoscopic adrenalectomy and open adrenalectomy in Cushing＇s disease, focusing on reversing the sequelae of hypercortisolism and improving patients＇ quality of life. Methods Forty-three patients （29 women, 14 men） with recurrent Cushing＇s disease after transsphenoidal operation underwent laparoscopic （n=32） or open （n=11） adrenalectomy from 2000 to 2008. Surgical results were evaluated for all the 43 patients. Patients completed a follow-up survey, including the short-form 36-item （SF-36） health survey. Results All the 43 patients achieved clinical reversal of hypercortisolism after adrenalectomy. Time to symptom resolution varied from a few weeks to up to 3 years. Most physical changes had resolved by a mean of 8 months after surgery. These conditions were not significantly different between the laparoscopy and open groups. Median length of hospital stay was shorter in the laparoscopy group （4 vs. 9 days; P 〈0.001）. Median follow-up was 48.5 months. Of the 34 （79%） patients available for follow-up, 22 （65%） had adrenocorticotropic hormone levels 〉200 ng/ml and 6 （27%） had clinical Nelson syndrome. Four patients died by 75 months after surgery. Using SF-36, 30 （88%） patients reported they felt their health status was good to excellent compared with 1 year before adrenalectomy; however, they showed significantly lower scores in all the 8 SF-36 parameters compared with the general population. No significant difference emerged in SF-36 scores between the laparoscopy and open groups. Conclusions Adrenalectomy showed high survival and clinical benefits in recurrent Cushing＇s disease patients. Despite patient-reported improvement in health after adrenalectomy, patients continue to experience poor health status compared with the general population.

Long-term survival of a patient with a large adrenal primitive neuroectodermal tumor: A case report

BACKGROUND Adrenal primitive neuroectodermal tumor(PNET) is an extremely rare malignant tumor with poor prognosis and of neural crest origin. Herein, we report a case of adrenal PNET and summarized its clinical and pathological characteristics on the basis of 16 patients reported recently.CASE SUMMARY A female patient aged 25 years presented with right lumbago for 12 mo, and preoperative computed tomography showed a huge right adrenal mass. She received tumorectomy, and post-operative pathological examination showed adrenal PNET. After surgery, she underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and was followed up 31 mo after surgery. She received brachytherapy for right paracolic and hepatic metastases. She was alive and followed up for 60 mo. In available studies, only 57.14%(4/7) and 44.44%(4/9) were positive for the expression of neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin, respectively, although CD99 expression was found in all the patients(100%; 10/10).CONCLUSION It is concluded that adrenal PNET is very rare and highly malignant, and histology is a golden standard in its diagnosis. Surgery and adjuvant therapy is the main treatment.

Surgical resection of adrenal metastasis from primary liver tumors:a report of two cases

BACKGROUND:Although the treatment of extrahepatic metastases from primary liver tumors is essentially palliative,solitary metastasis from such tumors offers a possibility of cure by surgical resection.The adrenal gland is an uncommon site for metastasis from primary liver tumors. METHOD:We report two cases of adrenalectomy for solitary adrenal metastasis:one from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and the other from hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS:The patient with intrahepatic cholangiocar- cinoma had a synchronous adrenal metastasis and underwent simultaneous liver resection and adrenalectomy. However,he developed recurrent disease 17 months following surgery for which he is presently on palliative chemotherapy.The other patient underwent adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis 3 months following liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.He is presently alive and disease-free 27 months after adrenalectomy. CONCLUSION:Carefully selected patients with solitary metastasis from primary liver tumors may be considered for resection.

A Case Report of Two Primary Cancers, Breast Cancer with Adrenal Gland Metastatic and Second Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor in Colon, a Rare Case in Al-Bashir Hospital

A 68 years old female, was diagnosed as a case of right breast cancer in 2013;grade II/III according to Bloom Richardson grading, Modify radical mastectomy (MRM) was done and the pathology report showed moderately differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), stage T3N3M0. Immunohisrochemisty (IHC) findings revealed a tumor with Triple positive. Patient refused to treat by chemotherapy. Patient was given adjuvant trastuzumab (first dose 8 mg/kg, followed by 6 mg/kg every three weeks) for the period of one year (16) cycles after which she went on regular follow up. Exemestane tab for 5 years and radiotherapy (50 gray in 25 fractions) was applying on right breast. One year and half after diagnosed primary breast cancer, patient complained from severe diarrhea 8 times per day watery contents, vomiting and suffered from lower abdominal pain. PET scan for whole body in October 2014 was done;the results showed ascending colon is highly suspicious for malignancy and moderately hypermetabolic left adrenal mass. Subtotal colectomy surgery was done, the pathology report of biopsy revealed low grade malignant neuroendocrine neoplastic lesion stage of T3N1Mo. Physician prescribed octreotide acetate 20 mg I. M monthly due to neuroendocrine lesion. In January 2016, cancer recurrence in the same right breast, IHC revealed ER+, PR&minus;, Her 2+, physician decided to change exemestane to fulvestrant 250 mg s. c for 6 cycles. Radiation therapy was applied 20 gray in 10 fractions on scar. In May 2016, CAP-CT scan result revealed two enlarged left axillary L.N and left soft tissue density adrenal mass (3.0 × 2.3). Excisional lymph node was done which revealed IDC, ER+, PR&minus;, Her 2+. Physician decided to discontinue fulvestrant and switch to exemestane 20 mg monthly. CAP-CT was done in Feb 2017;single left axillary L.N 1 cm, small hypodense lesion (spleen 4 cm), left adrenal lesion (2.2 × 2.6 cm) and osteolytic lesion were noted in iliac areas, so the physician considered those results a metastatic area from breast and prescribed lapatinib 84 tablets. Patient now onoctreotide acetate 20 mg I. M, trastuzumab 440 m, exemestane and lapatinib tablets) monthly, zoledronic acid 4 mg q 3 months, patient now still on follow up with a good condition. Conclusion: Breast cancer metastatic to left adrenal gland which is extremely rare especially when they originate from IDCs. The present case is the seventh breast cancer metastatic to the adrenal gland in the literature up to our search. Neuroendocrine tumor was happened in colon after one year and half which was a rare second primary malignancy (SPM) among female breast cancer.

肾上腺腺瘤样瘤影像学特征分析及文献复习

目的 探讨肾上腺腺瘤样瘤的影像学特征。方法回顾性分析我院1例及复习相关文献共21例肾上腺腺瘤样瘤患者的临床及影像学特征。结果肾上腺腺瘤样好发于青壮年,以男性多见,临床上多无明显症状,均为单侧发病,以实性最为常见,可见点结状钙化,增强扫描以轻、轻-中度强化为主。结论根据病理组织形态学特点并结合免疫组化染色辅助鉴别,可以明确肾上腺腺瘤样瘤的诊断。

基于CT影像的人工智能在肾上腺良性肿瘤中的应用进展

CT是诊断肾上腺良性肿瘤的重要手段,但仍有少部分肾上腺良性肿瘤难以确诊。人工智能(AI)可以运用计算机算法模仿人脑且具有学习和解决问题等任务的能力,包括机器学习和深度学习,已广泛应用于肾上腺良性肿瘤的诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗。就目前基于CT影像的人工智能在肾上腺良性肿瘤中的应用进展进行综述。

不同入路腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术治疗功能性肾上腺肿瘤疗效比较

目的比较不同入路腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术在功能性肾上腺肿瘤治疗中的应用效果。方法选择2012年9月至2022年9月濮阳市安阳地区医院收治的60例功能性肾上腺肿瘤患者为研究对象。根据腹腔镜入路方式将患者分为后腹腔入路组(n=31)和腹腔入路组(n=29)。比较2组患者手术相关指标、应激指标、免疫学指标及术后并发症发生情况。结果后腹腔入路组患者术中出血量、治疗费用显著低于腹腔入路组,手术时间、术后首次进食时间、住院时间显著短于腹腔入路组(P<0.05)。术前、术后,2组患者血清皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者术后血清Cor、NE、E水平显著高于术前(P<0.05)。术前2组患者CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者术后CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平显著低于术前,CD8^(+)水平显著高于术前(P<0.05);腹腔入路组患者术后CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平显著低于后腹腔入路组(P<0.05),2组患者术后CD8^(+)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。后腹腔入路组、腹腔入路组患者术后并发症发生率分别为6.45%(2/31)、31.03%(9/29),后腹腔入路组患者术后并发症发生率显著低于腹腔入路组(χ^(2)=6.048,P<0.05)。结论腹腔入路与后腹腔入路腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术治疗功能性肾上腺肿瘤的疗效确切,2种入路方式产生的应激反应程度相当,但后腹腔入路的手术时间更短、术中出血量少、术后恢复更快、对免疫功能的损伤更小、术后并发症发生率更低,且更具有经济性。

肾上腺腺瘤型亚临床库欣综合征患者腺瘤切除术后肾上腺皮质功能减退影响因素及其预测效能

目的 探讨肾上腺腺瘤型亚临床库欣综合征(SCS)患者腺瘤切除术后肾上腺皮质功能减退的影响因素,并分析相关影响因素对术后肾上腺皮质功能减退的预测效能。方法 选择59例肾上腺腺瘤型SCS患者,均行腹腔镜下单侧肾上腺腺瘤切除术,术后1个月根据血清皮质醇水平判断患者是否发生肾上腺皮质功能减退。比较肾上腺皮质功能减退患者与肾上腺皮质功能正常患者的术前一般资料[性别、年龄、身体质量指数(BMI)、入院时血压、代谢合并症(超重/肥胖、高血压、糖脂代谢异常、骨量减少/骨质疏松)、肿瘤直径]、术前肾上腺功能相关激素水平[促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)及皮质醇昼夜节律(8:00、24:00)、1 mg地塞米松抑制试验(1 mg-DST)后皮质醇、经典小剂量地塞米松抑制试验(LDDST)后皮质醇、血清硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)以及24 h尿游离皮质醇(UFC)]以及术后糖皮质激素用药情况。以组间比较P<0.10的指标构建二元Logistic回归分析模型,分析SCS患者术后肾上腺皮质功能减退的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估相关指标的预测效能。结果 59例SCS患者中,术后1个月发生肾上腺皮质功能减退25例,发生率为42.37%。与肾上腺皮质功能正常患者比较,肾上腺皮质功能减退患者术前8:00血浆ACTH水平降低,24:00血清皮质醇水平和1 mg-DST后皮质醇水平升高。Logistic回归分析显示,术前1 mg-DST血清皮质醇是SCS患者术后发生肾上腺皮质功能减退的独立影响因素。术前1 mg-DST血清皮质醇≥233 nmol/L的SCS患者术后肾上腺皮质功能减退的相对风险比为13.698(95%CI为2.965~63.274)。结论 SCS患者术后存在发生肾上腺皮质功能减退的风险,术前1 mg-DST血清皮质醇是术后肾上腺皮质功能减退的独立影响因素,对术后肾上腺皮质功能减退发生具有较好的预测效能。

腹腔镜单侧肾上腺切除术后肾上腺皮质功能不全的影响因素

目的探讨腹腔镜单侧肾上腺切除术后肾上腺皮质功能不全(AI)的影响因素。方法收集2018年1月至2021年12月新乡市中心医院收治的100例腹腔镜单侧肾上腺切除术患者为研究对象,根据其术后血浆皮质醇水平将患者分为AI组、非AI组,收集术前和术中可能导致AI发生的资料,经单因素、多因素logistic回归分析腹腔镜单侧肾上腺切除术后AI发生的危险因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析危险因素对腹腔镜单侧肾上腺切除术后AI发生的预测价值。结果与术前比较,患者术后即刻、术后6 h的血浆皮质醇水平升高(P<0.05),术后12~72 h降低再回升,但与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与非AI组比较,AI组患者年龄较大,血清C反应蛋白(CRP)和白介素6(IL-6)水平较低(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析,结果提示高龄、血清CRP和IL-6水平高为腹腔镜单侧肾上腺切除术后AI发生的独立危险因素。年龄、血清CRP和IL-6水平单一及联合预测腹腔镜单侧肾上腺切除术后AI发生的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.661、0.681、0.684、0.739,联合预测AUC最大。结论高龄、血清CRP和IL-6水平高为腹腔镜单侧肾上腺切除术后AI发生的独立危险因素,且对AI发生风险有一定预测价值,以联合应用时预测效能最高。