Bolzano Traffic: An Example of Open ITS Deployment for Advanced Traveller Information Services

This paper aims to present the experience gathered in the Italian alpine city of Bolzano within the project“Bolzano Traffic”whose goal is the introduction of an experimental open ITS platform for local service providers,fostering the diffusion of advanced traveller information services and the future deployment of cooperative mobility systems in the region.Several end-users applications targeted to the needs of different user groups have been developed in collaboration with local companies and research centers;a partnership with the EU Co-Cities project has been activated as well.The implemented services rely on real-time travel and traffic information collected by urban traffic monitoring systems or published by local stakeholders(e.g.public transportation operators).An active involvement of end-users,who have recently started testing these demo applications for free,is actually on-going.

Test Stability of Uster Advanced Fiber Information System(AFIS)

To study test stability of Advanced Fiber Information System(AFIS),card sliver produced in two experiments(12 plans in each experiment)were tested by AFIS.By a statistic analysis of the test results,the number of test times that can get a reliable test reliability(hereinafter this number of test times is referred to as Reliable Test Times,RTT)of test parameters and the coefficient of variation(CV%)values of 30 test results of each experiment plan were obtained.It's concluded that some parameters,such as length,seed coat nep(SCN)size,nep size and immature fiber content(IFC),etc.are very reliable by a test of ten or more times,but other parameters,such as SCN content,trash content,and visible foreign matter(VFM)content,etc.are not reliable until they are tested over 100 times.

A mixed stochastic user equilibrium model considering influence of advanced traveller information systems in degradable transport network

Advanced traveler information systems （ATIS） can not only improve drivers＇ accessibility to the more accurate route travel time information, but also can improve drivers＇ adaptability to the stochastic network capacity degradations. In this paper, a mixed stochastic user equilibrium model was proposed to describe the interactive route choice behaviors between ATIS equipped and unequipped drivers on a degradable transport network. In the proposed model the information accessibility of equipped drivers was reflected by lower degree of uncertainty in their stochastic equilibrium flow distributions, and their behavioral adaptability was captured by multiple equilibrium behaviors over the stochastic network state set. The mixed equilibrium model was formulated as a fixed point problem defined in the mixed route flows, and its solution was achieved by executing an iterative algorithm. Numerical experiments were provided to verify the properties of the mixed network equilibrium model and the efficiency of the iterative algorithm.

Day-to-day traffic user equilibrium model considering influence of intelligent highways and advanced traveler information systems

To explore the influence of intelligent highways and advanced traveler information systems(ATIS)on path choice behavior,a day-to-day(DTD)traffic flow evolution model with information from intelligent highways and ATIS is proposed,whereby the network reliability and experiential learning theory are introduced into the decision process for the travelers’route choice.The intelligent highway serves all the travelers who drive on it,whereas ATIS serves vehicles equipped with information systems.Travelers who drive on intelligent highways or vehicles equipped with ATIS determine their trip routes based on real-time traffic information,whereas other travelers use both the road network conditions from the previous day and historical travel experience to choose a route.Both roadway capacity degradation and travel demand fluctuations are considered to demonstrate the uncertainties in the network.The theory of traffic network flow is developed to build a DTD model considering information from intelligent highway and ATIS.The fixed point theorem is adopted to investigate the equivalence,existence and stability of the proposed DTD model.Numerical examples illustrate that using a high confidence level and weight parameter for the traffic flow reduces the stability of the proposed model.The traffic flow reaches a steady state as travelers’routes shift with repetitive learning of road conditions.The proposed model can be used to formulate scientific traffic organization and diversion schemes during road expansion or reconstruction.

Developing architecture of a traveler information system for dynamic equilibrium in traffic networks

Having criticized the current architecture of Advanced Traveler Information Systems （ATISs）, this work discusses a new base of requirements to develop a new paradigm for traffic information systems. It mainly integrates three dimensions within a traffic system： drivers＇ pattern of behavior and preferences, urban traffic desires, and capabilities of traffic information service providers. Based on the above, functional segments from several related backgrounds are brought together to structure a new architecture, called Interactive Traveler Information System （ITIS）. The main interactive feature of this new architecture is a two-way communication track between drivers and the traffic information system provider-in fact, a decision on choosing a road at a particular time for an individual will be made based on the utility of both sides. This new configuration consists of driver-side smartphone application, centric traffic prediction, and decision-maker units, which will shape a new approach of decision-making processes. These all work together to satisfy the designated goal of ITIS, which is preserving the Wardrop equilibrium condition in the traffic network level. Finally, we concentrate on a comparison study, which shows a differentiation between performance of the proposed ITIS and the current ATIS model in a real situation. This has been done with simulations of analogical scenarios. The most noticeable advantage of the proposed architecture is not being limited to a saturation limit, and the positive effect of increasing system penetration in the performance of the newly introduced information system. In conclusion, new research subjects are suggested to be carried out.

Cottonscope与AFIS检测棉花细度和成熟度结果相关性初步分析

Cottonscope是快速测试棉花细度和成熟度的设备。以112份取自新疆的皮棉样品为对象,对Cottonscope与高级纤维信息系统(advanced fiber information system,AFIS)单纤维测试仪测得的棉纤维细度及成熟度进行了相关分析。皮尔逊相关检验结果显示,细度和成熟度的相关系数分别是0.957和0.981,达到极显著水平;肯德尔一致性系数检验结果显示,细度和成熟度的相关系数分别是0.931和0.958,也达到极显著水平。这些结果说明2种设备的细度和成熟度指标有非常紧密的正相关关系,可为2种设备的合理使用、检测棉纤维细度或成熟度的结果比对分析等提供参考。

Risk-taking path choice behaviors under ATIS in transportation networks with demand uncertainty

A new travel time reliability-based traffic assignment model is proposed to investigate the effects of an advanced transportation information system (ATIS) on drivers' risk-taking path choice behaviours in transportation networks with demand uncertainty. In the model, drivers are divided into two classes. The first class is not equipped with ATIS, while the second class is equipped with ATIS. Different risk-taking path choice behaviours of the two classes are studied, respectively. A corresponding mixed equilibrium traffic assignment model is formulated as a variational inequality problem in terms of path flows, which is solved by a heuristic solution algorithm. Numerical results indicate that the ATIS can influence the drivers' risk-taking path choice behaviours and the total system travel time in transportation networks with demand uncertainty. It is also found that under higher demand levels, the benefits of ATIS for network performance enhancement may be more obvious.

Reliability-based congestion pricing model under endogenous equilibrated market penetration and compliance rate of ATIS

A reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing(SSOCP) model with endogenous market penetration and compliance rate in an advanced traveler information systems(ATIS) environment was proposed. All travelers were divided into two classes. The first guided travelers were referred to as the equipped travelers who follow ATIS advice, while the second unguided travelers were referred to as the unequipped travelers and the equipped travelers who do not follow the ATIS advice(also referred to as non-complied travelers). Travelers were assumed to take travel time, congestion pricing, and travel time reliability into account when making travel route choice decisions. In order to arrive at on time, travelers needed to allow for a safety margin to their trip.The market penetration of ATIS was determined by a continuous increasing function of the information benefit, and the ATIS compliance rate of equipped travelers was given as the probability of the actually experienced travel costs of guided travelers less than or equal to those of unguided travelers. The analysis results could enhance our understanding of the effect of travel demand level and travel time reliability confidence level on the ATIS market penetration and compliance rate; and the effect of travel time perception variation of guided and unguided travelers on the mean travel cost savings(MTCS) of the equipped travelers, the ATIS market penetration, compliance rate, and the total network effective travel time(TNETT).

Stability, variation, and application of AFIS fiber length distributions

Background:Fiber length is one of the primary quality parameters for the cotton industry when considering the textile performance and end-use quality of cotton.Currently,many decisions regarding cotton fiber length utilize the industry standard measurement device,i.e.,the High Volume Instrument(HVI).However,it is documented that complete fiber length distributions hold more information than the currently reported HVI length parameters,i.e.,upper half mean length(UHML)and uniformity index(UI).An alternative measurement device,the Advanced Fiber Information System(AFIS),is able to capture additional information about fiber length distribution.What is currently not known is how much additional information the AFIS length distribution holds.Results:The stability of differences in within-sample variation in fiber length captured by the AFIS length distribution by number characterizing differences between samples was deemed stable across the extended testing period.A diverse breeding population was evaluated and four significant sources of within sample variation in length were identified.A comparison of the ability between HVI length parameters and AFIS fiber length distribution to correctly categorize breeding lines to their family was performed.In all cases,the AFIS fiber length distribution more accurately identified germplasm families.Conclusions:The long-term stability test of the AFIS fiber length distribution by number shows that the measurement is stable and can be used to assess differences across samples.However,more information about within-sample variation in fiber length than that can be captured by length parameters is needed to assess differences across samples in many applications.Four length parameters outperform two length parameters when trying to identify the familial background of the samples in this set.These parameters characterize distributional shape differences that are not captured by the standard AFIS length parameters,UQL and short fiber content by number(SFCn).These findings suggest that additional types of variation in cotton fiber length are not captured and are therefore not currently used in most cotton breeding programs.

Future needs for informed consent in stem cell clinical trials in neurodegenerative diseases

Translation of recent advances in stem cell research into clinical trials for restorative therapies for human disease is accelerating dramatically,with a strong focus upon neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease（PD）,Huntington’s disease（HD）,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis（ALS）.