WHEN asked to identify what organization＇s name was represented by the two letters ＂AU＂ during a current events quiz, most }unior high school pupils at a West African school failed to answer the ques- tion correctl...WHEN asked to identify what organization＇s name was represented by the two letters ＂AU＂ during a current events quiz, most }unior high school pupils at a West African school failed to answer the ques- tion correctly. The answers they gave ranged from Africans in Understanding, Africa Unite, and Africans in the United States. The pupils＇ lack of knowledge about the actual AU may be a clear reflection of how the organization is perceived in African society. It is seen as an isolated entity, whose activities appear unrelated to the common men＇s concerns,展开更多
The severity of hepatic pathology and the response to treatment depend on the hepatitis virus genotype in the infected host. The objective of this review was to determine the distribution of hepatitis virus genotypes ...The severity of hepatic pathology and the response to treatment depend on the hepatitis virus genotype in the infected host. The objective of this review was to determine the distribution of hepatitis virus genotypes in West African countries. A systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct was performed to identify 52 relevant articles reporting hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and G viruses genotypes.Hepatitis B virus(HBV) genotype E with a prevalence of 90.6%(95%CI: 0.891-0.920) found in this review, is characterized by low genetic diversity. Hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotypes 1 and 2 represented 96.4% of HCV infections in West African countries, while hepatitis delta virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis G virus genotypes 1 and HEV genotype 3 were reported in some studies in Ghana and Nigeria. HBV genotype E is characterized by high prevalence, low genetic diversity and wide geographical distribution. Further studies on the clinical implications of HBV genotype E and HCV genotypes 1 and 2 are needed for the development of an effective treatment against this viral hepatitis in West African countries. Surveillance of the distribution of different genotypes is also needed to reduce recombination rates and prevent the emergence of more virulent viral strains.展开更多
文摘WHEN asked to identify what organization＇s name was represented by the two letters ＂AU＂ during a current events quiz, most }unior high school pupils at a West African school failed to answer the ques- tion correctly. The answers they gave ranged from Africans in Understanding, Africa Unite, and Africans in the United States. The pupils＇ lack of knowledge about the actual AU may be a clear reflection of how the organization is perceived in African society. It is seen as an isolated entity, whose activities appear unrelated to the common men＇s concerns,
文摘The severity of hepatic pathology and the response to treatment depend on the hepatitis virus genotype in the infected host. The objective of this review was to determine the distribution of hepatitis virus genotypes in West African countries. A systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct was performed to identify 52 relevant articles reporting hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and G viruses genotypes.Hepatitis B virus(HBV) genotype E with a prevalence of 90.6%(95%CI: 0.891-0.920) found in this review, is characterized by low genetic diversity. Hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotypes 1 and 2 represented 96.4% of HCV infections in West African countries, while hepatitis delta virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis G virus genotypes 1 and HEV genotype 3 were reported in some studies in Ghana and Nigeria. HBV genotype E is characterized by high prevalence, low genetic diversity and wide geographical distribution. Further studies on the clinical implications of HBV genotype E and HCV genotypes 1 and 2 are needed for the development of an effective treatment against this viral hepatitis in West African countries. Surveillance of the distribution of different genotypes is also needed to reduce recombination rates and prevent the emergence of more virulent viral strains.
