Preparation and characterization of Ag^+ ion-exchanged zeolite-Matrimid~5218 mixed matrix membrane for CO_2/CH_4 separation

In this work, the zeolite-Y was ion-exchanged by introducing silver cations into the framework of microsized nano-porous sodium zeolite-Y using a liquid-phase ion exchanged method. The Ag+ion-exchanged zeolite, was then embedded into the Matrimid5218 matrix to form novel mixed matrix membranes(MMMs). The particles and MMMs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV–vis DRS), N2adsorption–desorption isotherm, X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Furthermore, the effects of filler content(0–20wt%) on pure and mixed gas experiments, feed pressure(2–20 bar) and operating temperature(35–75 oC)on CO2/CH4transport properties of Matrimid/Ag Y MMMs were considered. Characterization results confirmed an appropriate ion-exchange treatment of the zeolites. The SEM results confirmed the superior interfacial adhesion between polymer and zeolites, particularly in the case of Matrimid/Ag Y membranes.This is due to the proper silverous zeolite/Matrimid functional groups’ interactions. The gas permeation results showed that the CO2permeability increased about 123%, from 8.34 Barrer for pure Matrimid to18.62 Barrer for Matrimid/Ag Y(15 wt%). The CO2/CH4selectivity was improved about 66%, from 36.3 for Matrimid to 60.1 for Matrimid/Ag Y(15 wt%). The privileged gas separation performance of Matrimid/Ag Y(15 wt%) was the result of a combined effect of facilitated transport mechanism of Ag+ions as well as the intrinsic surface diffusion mechanism of Y-type zeolite. In order to survey the possibility of using the developed MMMs in industry, the CO2-induced plasticization effect and mixed gas experiment were accomplished. It was deduced that the fabricated MMMs could maintain the superior performance in actual operating conditions.

Synthesis of 4A Zeolite and Characterization of Calcium- and Silver-Exchanged Forms

Calcium exchanged A type zeolite is extensively used as an adsorbent in petroleum and gas purification application. The precursor of calcium and silver-exchanged zeolite was prepared in a hydrothermal process, followed by an exchange process. In this study, LTA zeolite was synthesized. Calcium-ex- changed and silver-exchanged molecular sieves were prepared and characterized by a series of techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. Physical properties of Ca- and Ag-exchanged zeolite A, such as surface structure, crystal structure, cation exchange capacity, and the ion-exchange properties were measured. Water adsorption studies using thermogravimetric method indicated that water molecules are more strongly bound in the Ca-A zeolite compared to Ag-A zeolite. XPS studies confirmed the presence of highly dispersed cationic silver species at exchange sites. The results of this study indicated that sodium was successfully exchanged with the calcium and silver in both Ca- and Ag-ex- changed zeolite frameworks. High cation exchange capacity, tailored aperture size, high porosity and specific surface area, as well as high thermal stability make cation-exchanged A type zeolite a successful candidate for adsorption, ion exchange, and catalysis applications.

Selective exchange of alkali metal ions on EAB zeolite

EAB zeolite was successfully prepared and applied to selective adsorption of Li^(+),Na^(+)and K^(+)ions.The physical and chemical properties of the adsorbent were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and thermogravimetry(TG)methods.The ion exchange behaviours for Li^(+),Na^(+)and K^(+)ions in monomcomponent and multicomponent solutions were studied.In independent ion exchange,the ion exchange capacities ratiosα(/Na/Li)andα(K/Li)were 3.8 and 6.2,respectively.In competitive ion exchange,the selectivitiesβ(Na/Li)andβ(K/Li)increased with the initial concentrations and reached 409 and 992 when the initial concentrations was 100 mmol/L.The thermodynamic study results showed that Gibbs free energy change(ΔGΘ)of ion exchange reaction between Li-EAB and K^(+)was-34.96 kJ/mol,indicating that ion exchange of K^(+)ions was more energetically favourable than Li^(+)ions.The calculation results showed that the energy barriers of ion exchange increased in the order K^(+)Na^(+)<Li^(+).The study shows that EAB zeolite is potential to be used in the separation of alkali ions.

Decrease in Cation Exchange Capacity of Zeolites at Neutral pH: Examples and Proposals of a Determination Method

Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is an important characteristic of zeolites, especially when they are used as adsorbents in the aqueous system. However, no international standard method exists for the determination of CEC of zeolites. We determined CEC of Linde-type A and Na-P1 type zeolites at various pH (4 to 10) with a simple method, where Na+-saturated zeolites were prepared, and then various amounts of HCl were added. CEC was simply calculated by subtracting the amount of Na+ in the final supernatant from the content of Na+ of the Na+-saturated zeolites. CEC of the zeolites decreased with decreasing pH and with decreasing Na+ concentration of the final supernatant. The concentration of Na+ of the supernatant, CEC of the zeolites began to decrease at weakly alkaline or neutral pH, and that of the Linde-type A zeolite became about half at pH around 6. When CEC was plotted against pH-pNa;where pNa is negative logarithm of the activity of Na+;CEC of each zeolite was expressed by a curve. It indicates that the CEC or the amount of Na+ retention is univocally determined by the ratio of activities of Na+ and proton.

Influence of synthesis parameters on the crystallinity and Si/Al ratio of NaY zeolite synthesized from kaolin

Well-crystallized high-silica NaY zeolites （Si/Al〉2.5） were prepared from a reaction mixture consisting of metakaolin, sodium silicate solution and seed solution via optimization of the mixture composition and reaction conditions. The transformation from kaolin to high-silica NaY zeolite was confirmed by XRD, SEM and IR techniques. Subsequently, the influence of synthesis parameters, i.e. initial SIO2/Al2O3, initial Na2O/SiO2, initial H2O/SiO2, aging time of the seed solution, crystallization temperature and crystallization time, on the NaY growth was investigated in terms of crystallinity and Si/Al ratio. The results showed that the effects of initial SiO2/Al2O3, initial Na2O/SiO2 and initial H2O/ SiO2 on the crystaIlinity and Si/Al ratio of NaY zeolite are similar to those observed in the conventional syntheses of NaY zeolites only using sodium silicate solution as silicon source. However, due to the use of metakaolin as the main silicon and aluminum sources in the present study, a long crystallization induction period of 20 h was achieved, which can be attributed to the dissolution of metakaolin. In addition, different from the conventional syntheses of zeolite NaY, pure NaY zeolites （i.e. without NaP zeolite impurity） were still obtained even at 120℃ because of the use of a large quantity of seed solution （23 wt%） in the reaction mixture. As the aging time of the seed solution increased from 3.5 h to 22 h, the relative crystallinity of the NaY zeolite first increased sharply and then reached a plateau, while the Si/Al ratio first increased rapidly up to a maximum value of 2.75 corresponding to an aging time of 6.5 h, and then decreased sharply with the aging time.

Stellerite-seeded facile synthesis of zeolite X with excellent aqueous Cd^(2+)and Ni^(2+)adsorption performance

Zeolite X was synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method using natural stellerite zeolite as the silicon seed,and its adsorption performance for Cd^(2+)and Ni^(2+)ions was experimentally and comprehensively investigated.The effects of p H,zeolite X dosage,contact time,and temperature on adsorption performance for Cd^(2+)and Ni^(2+)ions over were studied.The adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous,and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Langmuir isotherm models.The maximum adsorption capacitiesfor Cd^(2+)and Ni^(2+)ions at 298 K were 173.553 and 75.897 mg.g-1,respectively.Ion exchange and precipitation were the principal mechanisms for the removal of Cd^(2+)ions from aqueous solutions by zeolite X,followed by electrostatic adsorption.Ion exchange was the principal mechanisms for the removal of Ni^(2+)ions from aqueous solutions by zeolite X,followed by electrostatic adsorption and precipitation.The zeolite X converted from stellerite zeolite has a low n(Si/Al),abundant hydroxyl groups,and high crystallinity and purity,imparting a good adsorption performance for Cd^(2+)and Ni^(2+)ions.This study suggests that zeolite X converted from stellerite zeolite could be a useful environmentally-friendly and effective tool for the removal of Cd^(2+)and Ni^(2+)ions from aqueous solutions.

Investigation on Modification of NaY Zeolite and Its Behaviors in Selective Adsorptive Desulfurization of FCC gasoline

NaY zeolite was modified with oxalic acid, and Ce(IV)Y(1) zeolite was obtained via liquid phase ion exchange between the modified NaY zeolite and cerium nitrate. The Ce(IV)Y(2) zeolite was obtained via liquid phase ion exchange between NaY zeolite and cerium nitrate. The performance of two Y zeolites [Ce(IV)Y(1) and Ce(IV)Y(2)] was compared through static selective adsorptive desulfurization of FCC gasoline at room temperature and normal pressure. The sulfur compounds and contents of the FCC gasoline were analyzed by microcoulometry and GC-SCD chromatogram. The results showed that the effect of adsorptive desulfurization of FCC gasoline achieved by Ce(IV)Y(1) zeolite was better than that of Ce(IV)Y(2) zeolite. The rate for adsorptive desulfurization of FCC gasoline by Ce(IV)Y(1) zeolite and Ce(IV)Y(2) zeolite was 85.0% and 62.4%, respectively. The Ce(IV)Y(1) zeolite could adsorb DMTs, which could not be adsorbed by Ce(IV)Y(2) zeolite. The rate of regeneration of extruded Ce(IV)Y(1)zeolite was 95.5%.

Synthesis and characterization of zeolite X obtained from kaolin for adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ)

This study deals with the synthesis and characterization of low-silica zeolite X, from calcined Kalabsha kaolin, for adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution. The synthesis processes is performed under hydrother-mal treatment in alkaline solutions. The obtained zeolite samples are characterized using X-ray diffraction, grain size distribution, surface area, and SEM. The critical molar ratios of both SiO2/Al2O3 and K2O/Na2O are about 2.9 and 0.16, respectively. Those ratios are needed to give individual low silica zeolite X in a minimum reaction time. The adsorption capacity of the synthesized products is determined by adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) ions from solution. The results suggest that the zeolite obtained could be converted to a beneficial product, which will be used in future as an ion exchanger in removing heavy metals from wastewaters.

The Phillipsite Zeolites from Jabal Al Ataita,Southern Jordan:A Potential Use in Wastewater Treatment

Zeolitic tuff from the Al Tafila area,Southem Jordan,has been investigated for its capability in uptaking ammonium（NH4+） from treated domestic wastewater using pilot plant scale column system.The zeolitic volcanic tuff from Jabal Al Ataita consists mainly of vitric and vitric crystal tuff,with 46%-65% of volcanic glass in the pyroclastic sequence

The Effect of Preparation Conditions on the Removal Efficiency of Water Pollutants Using LTA Zeolite

In this study LTA zeolite was prepared from kaolin. The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the crystal structure and ability to ion exchange of some heavy metals were studied. Many techniques were used to characterize the prepared zeolite includes X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) with crystal lattice analysis, Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and finally ion exchange isotherm of some heavy metal ions. The results showed that the ultrasonicated zeolite exhibits different behavior towards ion exchange with increasing its capacity. The ultrasonicated zeolite showed little increase in the lattice parameters with increasing in the crystal size. Fitting adsorption isotherms on the metal adsorbed showed an observable change in the behavior of ultrasonicated zeolite towards the metals exchanged.

ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM OF ETHYLENE-CARBON DIOXIDE MIXTURE ON ZEOLITE ZSM5 AND ITS CORRELATION

Binary gas mixture adsorption equilibrium data for the ethylene-carbon dioxide system were obtained for cation exchanged forms of ZSM5 (Li^+, Na^+, K^+, Rb^+, Mg^(+2), Ca^(+2), Sr^(+2), and Ba^(+2)) for the gas phase CO_2 mole fracion of 0.766 at 308K and 101. 3kPa. The experimental adsorption phase diagrams were obtained for CO_2-C_2H_4 on NaZSM5 and MgZSM5. Single component adsorption isotherms for CO_2 and C_2H_4 were also obtained for these two zeolites. The single component data were used to obtain parameters derived in the vacancy solution model (VSM) and the statistical thermodynamic model(STM). These parameters were, in turn, used to predict binary mixture isotherms for these two zeolites. The agreement between experimental data and predicted value is generally good.

Study of the Temperature-Programmed Desorption of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) on Zeolites X Modified with Bivalent Cations

Study of physisorbed and chemisorbed carbon dioxide (CO2) species was carried out on the NaX zeolite modified by cationic exchanges with bivalent cations (Ca2+ and Ba2+) by temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD). Others results were obtained by infrared to complete the study. The results of this research showed, in the physisorption region (213 - 473 K), that the cationic exchanges on NaX zeolite with bivalent cations increase slightly the interactions of CO2 molecule with adsorbents and/or cationic site. Indeed, the desorption energies of physisorbed CO2 obtained on the reference zeolite NaX (13.5 kJ·mol-1) are lower than that of exchanged zeolites E-CaX and E-BaX (15.77 and 15.17 kJ·mol-1 respectively). In the chemisorbed CO2 region (573 - 873 K), the desorption energies related to desorbed species (bidentate carbonates: CO32-) on the exchanged zeolites E-CaX and E-BaX are about 81 kJ·mol-1, higher than the desorbed species (bicarbonates: HCO32-) on the reference R-NaX (62 kJ·mol-1). In addition, the exchanged E-BaX zeolite develops the secondary adsorption sites corresponding to bicarbonates species with desorption energies of 35 kJ·mol-1 lower to desorption energies of bicarbonates noted on the reference zeolite NaX.

Kinetic Process and Conductivity of Ag^+ Ion Exchange for Polycrystalline Na-β"-Al_2O_3

This paper reports the kinetic process of Ag ion exchange for the polycrystalline Na-β'-Al2O3.The interdiffusion coefficients in the process of Ag+ and Na+ ion exchange have been calculated with an 'one dimensional double side diffusion model'. Microstructures of the samples were observed and analysed by XRD, EMPA, SEM. The results of the conductivity measurements for samples with Na+, Ag+ and Na+-Ag+ mobile ions are presented and explained

可见光光催化/抗菌功能Ag/CuO/TiO_(2)/天然沸石复合材料的制备及性能

采用浸渍-煅烧法在酸处理沸石表面固载CuO/TiO_(2)颗粒,再采用离子交换/光还原法在CuO/TiO_(2)/天然沸石表面固载Ag纳米颗粒,制备得到Ag/CuO/TiO_(2)/天然沸石复合材料;进一步将该复合材料与白水泥和乳胶粉混合得到沸石基环保涂料。采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM-EDX、N2吸附-脱附、UV-Vis DRS、PL等测试对材料的组成和结构进行表征,采用甲基橙和大肠杆菌分别评价材料的光催化和抗菌性能。结果表明,制备的Ag/CuO/TiO_(2)/天然沸石复合材料的比表面积达146 m^(2)·g^(-1),光响应范围可拓展至506 nm,具有较低的电子-空穴对复合概率。材料在氙灯照射240 min后,对甲基橙的去除率可达93.2%,在光照5 min后的抗菌率近100%。

Cu(I),Ag(I)/分子筛化学吸附脱硫的π-络合机理

应用DFT研究了一系列含硫的杂环化合物(噻吩、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩)以及苯分子在Cu(I)-Y、Ag(I)-Y分子筛上的化学吸附.计算采用16T分子筛簇模型(H22Si15AlO22),对过渡金属采用了赝势基组,在BLYP/DNP水平上完成.相互作用能的结果表明,阳离子交换的分子筛对含硫杂环芳香族化合物吸附能力的顺序为Cu(I)-Y>Ag(I)-Y.两种吸附剂对噻吩类分子的吸附能力大于苯分子.噻吩衍生物的吸附能顺序依次为,4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩<二苯并噻吩<噻吩<苯并噻吩,与实验结果相近.通过自然键轨道计算,研究了分子筛上担载的Cu(I)、Ag(I)金属离子与噻吩和苯分子之间的π-络合作用,分析比较了自然键电子给体-受体之间的二阶微扰稳定化能,并探索其络合机理.

Ag^+-Li^+离子交换制作Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)共掺磷酸盐玻璃平面光波导(英文)

制备了化学稳定的Er3+/Yb3+共掺的磷酸盐玻璃,并在其中制作了用于光放大器和激光器的平面光波导.这种磷酸盐玻璃的失重速率为4.7×10-5g·cm-2·hr-1,小于Kigre公司商业化的磷酸盐玻璃QX/Er的失重速率.采用Ag+-Li+交换技术制作了平面光波导并用m-线光谱在632.8nm测量了平面光波导的有效折射率.根据反WKB法得到折射率形貌,计算了离子交换参数如:离子交换深度、表面折射率,折射率改变和扩散系数等.

催化裂化轻汽油在Ag改性β沸石催化剂上的醚化

制备了Ag/Hβ醚化催化剂,并在小型固定床反应装置上采用制备的催化剂进行了催化裂化轻汽油醚化试验。考察了Ag/Hβ沸石催化剂的制备条件对催化性能的影响以及反应温度、空速、醇烯比、压力对醚化反应的影响。实验结果表明,随着Ag负载量的增加,Ag/Hβ催化剂的醚化活性略有增加,当Ag负载的质量分数为2%时达到最大值,此后继续增加Ag负载量,催化剂的醚化活性下降。随着焙烧温度的增加,催化剂的活性逐渐增加,在焙烧温度450℃时达到最大值。采用Ag(2%)/Hβ催化剂具有较好的醚化活性。在最佳反应条件(温度为70℃、压力为0.8MPa、空速为1.0h-1、醇烯比为1.0)下,叔碳烯烃的转化率可达到56.27%。负载后的催化剂具有活性高、不易失活等优点。

Ag/ZIF-90自组装薄膜的制备及SERS活性研究

合成了金属有机框架化合物沸石咪唑框架-90(ZIF-90)溶胶和ZIF-90晶体薄膜,分别以这2种材料为基底,制备出了Ag@ZIF-90复合材料和Ag/ZIF-90自组装薄膜。通过傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR),X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物进行表征,分析了它们的形貌和结构特征。以罗丹明6G(R 6G)作为检测分子,对所制备材料的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)性能进行测试。结果表明制备出的Ag/ZIF-90自组装薄膜具有好的SERS性能,而ZIF-90本身的拉曼峰并不会对Ag/ZIF-90自组装薄膜对目标分子的SERS检测效果产生影响。这种材料可以作为一种良好的SERS检测基底,在农药残留检测方面具有很好的应用前景。

Ag/NiY分子筛催化α-蒎烯异构化反应

研究了 Ag/ Ni Y分子筛催化α-蒎烯异构化反应 。

Ag/KZSM-5上异戊醇催化氧化为异戊醛的研究

以Ａｇ／ＫＺＳＭ－５分子筛为催化剂，从反应温度、氧醇比和使用寿命等方面对异戊醇氧化为异戊醛进行了研究。结果表明，在６１３℃、氧醇比为１．０时有较高的转化率和选择性。