Characteristics of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic among People Aged≥50 Years in China during 2018–2021

Objective This study aimed to determine the current epidemiological status of PLWHA aged≥50 years in China from 2018 to 2021.It also aimed to recommend targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS in elderly patients.Methods Data on newly reported cases of PLWHA,aged≥50 years in China from 2018 to 2021,were collected using the CRIMS.Trend tests and spatial analyses were also conducted.Results Between 2018 and 2021,237,724 HIV/AIDS cases were reported among patients aged≥50 years in China.The main transmission route was heterosexual transmission(91.24%).Commercial heterosexual transmission(CHC)was the primary mode of transmission among males,while non-marital non-CHC([NMNCHC];60.59%)was the prevalent route in women.The proportion of patients with CHC decreased over time(Z=67.716,P<0.01),while that of patients with NMNCHC increased(Z=153.05,P<0.01).The sex ratio varied among the different modes of infection,and it peaked at 17.65 for CHC.The spatial analysis indicated spatial clustering,and the high-high clustering areas were mainly distributed in the southwestern and central-southern provinces.Conclusion In China,PLWHA,aged≥50 years,were predominantly infected through heterosexual transmission.The primary modes of infection were CHC and NMNCHC.There were variations in the sex ratio among different age groups,infected through various sexual behaviors.HIV/AIDS cases exhibited spatial clustering.Based on these results,the expansion of HIV testing,treatment,and integrated behavioral interventions in high-risk populations is recommended to enhance disease detection in key regions.

Factors Associated with Mortality in Children Aged 1 Month to 15 Years Hospitalized in the Pediatric Ward of the Kalaban-Coro Reference Health Center: Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Infant and child mortality is a worldwide concern, but developing countries such as Mali are more affected. The aim of this study was to investigate morbidity and factors associated with mortality in children aged 1 month to 15 years. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 covering children aged 1 month to 15 years hospitalized at the Kalaban-Coro CSRéf. Data were entered into Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Five hundred children aged 1 months to 15 years were included. The age range 1 to 5 years (53.6%) and male sex (58.2%) were the most represented. Malaria (72.2%), acute respiratory infections (6.2%) and diarrhea/dehydration (3%) were the main morbidities. Mortality was estimated at 10.6%, and the two main causes of death were malaria (56.6%) and acute respiratory infections (7.54%). Univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the dependent variable (death) and age (p Conclusion: This study confirms the high rate of infant and child morbidity and mortality in our health facilities. Strengthening human resources and intensifying behavior-change communication can help reverse the trend.

The overview of the language acquisition for Chinese city children aged 0-3 years

This paper examines the language development of Chinese children aged 0-3years in city family. About baby＇s language development by the time stages accordingly. Paying special attention to the efforts for the parents or caregivers. Infants receive more talking education and speak earlier. Most parents can hardly wait for their baby to say its first word and communicate with their baby. From about 2 years old, the child should be able to use simple phrases, retell simple story and even to sing song. Parents play an important role in this stage. By the 3 years children begin to use most of function words rather than omit them. And acquisition for the second language will help children＇s language development. The children have a gift for learning language.

Epidemiologic surve of Overweight and obesity among residents aged≥60 years in ronggui community

Objectives To investigate prevalence of overweight and obesity among residents aged 3≥60 years in ronggui community.Methods 1372 ones(570 males,802 females,68.03±6.62 years) Of total 1503 residents aged≥60 years in the 2 villages which were randomly exampled in rong-gui community were investigated.857 ones aged among 60-69 years(62.5%),416 ones aged among 70-79 years (30.3%),99 ones aged≥60 years(7.2%).Investigative items included age,sex,body height,body weight,waist circumference(WC),hip circumference(HC)、fasting plasma glucose(FG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),blood pressure,history of past illness,body mass index(BMI),waist hip ratio(WHR) and waist height ratio(WHtR).Results (1)Of total 1372 residents,the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 39.4%.Prevalence of overweight, obesity were 29.4%,10.0%respectively.Prevalence of overweight, obesity of male were 30.8%,6.0%,and female, 28.5%,12.8%respectively.Prevalence of overweight,obesity of residents aged 60-69 years were 31.2%,11.3%,70-79 years were 27.0%,9.1%and≥80 years were 25.2%,2.0% respectively.The difference between male and female、among three age groups were not significant.(2)Of total 1372 residents, prevalence of central adiposity were 34.6%,male was 15.9%and female was 52.4%,female signifleanfly higher than male(P【0.01).(3)The FG^TG.SBP^DBP of residents with overweight、obesity or central adiposity were higher than residents with normal weight or WC(P【0.01).(4)By Pearson correlation analysis,we found that overweight、obesity and central adiposity were obviously correlated with FG、TG、SBP、DBP(P【0.01),were not correlated with TC(P】0.05). Conclusions(1)Of total 1372 residents,the combined preva- lence of overweight and obesity was 39.4%,prevalence of overweight,obesity were 29.4%,10.0%respectively,prevalence of central adiposity were 34.6%,female was 52.4%, female signifleanfly higher than male.(2)overweight.obesity and central adiposity were obviously correlated with FG,TG, SBP,DBP.

Prevalence and Years Lived with Disability for Dental Caries among Children Aged 0-14 Years in China, 1990-2016

The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 （GBD 2016）. In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability （YLD）, and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei （YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000）, lowest in Macao （9.1 per 100,000）, while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.

Dietary Behaviors and Influencing Factors among Rural Left-behind Children Aged below 7 Years in China

Left-behind children comprise a special population inChinese rural areas. According to the 2007 China Census,the number ofleft-behind children aged≤14 years was estimated at 58 million which suggested that these childrencon stituted a

Factors Influencing Preventive Behaviors of Mothers for Diarrhea in Children Aged 1-5 Years in Buol District, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the factors related with mothers＇ behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years inBuol District. This was a cross-sectional survey design with health belief model as the conceptual framework. A total of 300mothers were selected by using purposive sampling method based on criteria. Mothers were interviewed by using astructured questionnaire during October to November 2015. A chi-square （X^2） test was used to determine a significantassociation between independent variables and dependent variable. The finding showed that 68.3% of mothers hadgood behaviors in preventing diarrhea. The factors significantly related to mothers＇ behaviors included perceivedsusceptibility to diarrhea, perceived severity of diarrhea, perceived benefits of diarrhea prevention behaviors, and perceivedbarriers of diarrhea prevention behaviors CP 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, and p 〈 .01 respectively）. Further, mothers had highperception to comply with diarrhea prevention behaviors. Those who perceived that diarrhea prevention behaviors werehighly beneficial to their children had good behaviors in preventing diarrhea. However, taking certain actions must considernegative aspects.

Epidemiologic surve of blood lipid level among 1401 residents aged≥60 years in rong-gui community

Objectives To investigate prevalence of blood lipid level among 1401 residents aged≥60 years in rong-gui community.Methods 1401 ones(579 males,822 females, (68.12±6.64)years Of total 1503 residents aged≥60 years in the 2 villages which were randomly exampled in rong-gui community were investigated.867 ones aged among 60-69 years(61.9%),430 ones aged among 70-79 years (30.7%),104 ones aged≥60 years(7.4%).Investigative items included age,sex,total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride (TG),body height,body weight,waist circumference(WC), hip circumference(HC),fasting plasma glucose(FG),blood pressure,history of past illness,body mass index(BMI), waist hip ratio(WHR),waist height ratio(WHtR).Results (l)Of total 1401 residents,Prevalence of hyperlipemia were 42.8%,female were signifleanfly higher than male(P【0.01), The difference among three age groups were not significant, the combined prevalence of hyperlipemia and borderline hyperlipemia was 80.1%.(2)The FG、BMI、SBP、DBP、WC、WHR、WHtR of residents with hyperlipemia were higher than ones with normal blood lipid level(P【0.01).(3)By Pearson correlation analysis,we found that hyperlipemia was obviously correlated with FG,BMI,WC,WHR,WHtR, SBP,DBP.Conclusions(1)Prevalence of hyperlipemia were 42.8%,female were signifleanfly higher than male.(2) hyperlipemia were obviously correlated with higher FG、BMI、WC、WHR、WHtR、SBP、DBP.

Surgical results and prognosis of patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma aged less than 30 years

Objective To investigate and analyze the clinical and pathological features of surgical treatment for primary bronchogenic carcinoma in adolescent patients. Methods A retrospective review is presented of patients less than 30 years with surgical treatment of bronchogenic

Risk Factors for Geo-Helminthiasis in Children Aged 6 - 36 Months in a Rural Health District in Cameroon

Introduction and Objectives: Soil-Transmitted-Helminthiasis (STH) is a public health problem in Cameroon. The control strategies currently in place, particularly chemoprevention, has shortcomings linked to the target population, which are school-age children. The objective was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with geo-helminthiasis in children aged 0 to 3 years in a rural health district. Method: From December 2020 to May 2021, a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 376 children between 6 and 36 months was carried out in the Akonolinga health district. This was a cluster sampling in 4 health areas. Stool samples were collected and analysed using the mini-FLOTAC method. The results expressed as the number of eggs per gram of stool. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and lifestyle data was administered to the parents. The Chi-squared test was used to measure the association between geo-helminth infection and the data collected. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed (p 0.05). Results: The prevalence of STH was 19.4% (Ascaris lumbricoides: 16% and Trichuris trichiura: 8%). Risk factors were: consumption of contaminated water (AOR = 1.93 [1.03 - 3.6];p = 0.040), early contact of the child with the ground (before age of 4 months) (AOR = 4.9 [2.1 - 11.37];p .001), habit of walking barefoot (AOR = 2.91 [1.1 - 7.97];p = 0.038), and living in a habitat with unpaved ground (AOR = 7.4 [1.55 - 35.7];p = 0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of STHs in infants was high. Preventive chemotherapy should be extended to this age-group, and other measures intensified.

One Hundred and Seven Middle-Aged and Senile Cases of Coronary Heart Disease with Ventricular Premature Beat Treated by Qing Xin An Shen Fang

The therapeutic principle of clearing away the heart-heat to induce tranquilization was adopted in 107 middle-aged and senile patients with ventricular premature beat of coronary heart disease on the basis of pathogenic features of phlegm, heat, blood stasis and deficiency in this condition. Qing Xin An Shen Fang ([symbol: see text] a formula for clearing away the heart-heat to induce tranquilization) was used in the treatment group and compared with mexiletine and Fu Fang Dan Shen Tablets ([symbol: see text] Compound Salvia Tablets) used in the control group. The results turned to be that the markedly effective rate was 85.1% and the total effective rate 96.3% in the treated group, better than that in the control group, with the former having a good antihypertensive and antihyperlipemic effect and an effect of improving microcirculation and clinical symptoms.

Association of low cadmium and mercury exposure with chronic kidney disease among Chinese adults aged≥80 years:A cross-sectional study

Background:The heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and mercury(Hg)are known to be widespread environmental contaminants and high occupational exposure adversely affects the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD).However,evidence from epidemiological studies linking low Cd and Hg exposure(or non-industrial)to the risk of progression to CKD are conflicting.This study aimed to explore the association of low Cd and Hg exposure with the risk of CKD in Chinese adults aged≥80 years.Methods:The participants were recruited for the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study in 2017,an ongoing perspective survey conducted in longevity areas in China initially involving 3016 older adults.We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals of CKD setting Cd and Hg as categorical variables.Logistic regression with restricted cubic spline was used to characterize a dose-response relationships between Cd or Hg concentrations and the risk of CKD in the study population.Results:The ORs for the risk of CKD comparing the fourth to the first quartile of blood Cd,blood Hg,urine Cd,and urine Hg were 1.77,1.57,2.03,and 1.50,respectively.Restricted cubic spline models showed that blood Cd and urine Hg were significantly linearly correlated with the risk of CKD,while blood Hg and urine Cd were non-linearly correlated with the risk of CKD with a steeper slope at concentrations<2.30μg/L and 3.30μg/g creatinine.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that even low Cd and Hg exposure(or non-industrial)were associated with increased risk of CKD in Chinese oldest old,although we did not find a significant multiplicative and additive interaction between Cd and Hg levels in relation to the risk of CKD.

Treatment Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer Patients 80 Years Old and over

Background: With the recent aging of society, the need for medical treatment of elderly patients with head and neck cancer seems to have been increasing. Method: The present study analyzed all 103 patients with head and neck cancer ≥80 years, and we compared results with those of the previous generation (Group P;range: 75 - 79 years) comprising 104 patients treated in the same period. Results: We provided treatment just as wanted and could not choose it often. The reasons were oncological factors such as unresectable tumor or distant metastasis, refusal of treatment, and physical factors such as poor PS or number of comorbidities. Conclusion: Treatment choices should be based on the wishes and motivations of the patient and the medical assessment of physical function. When a patient ≥80 years old is treated, the high incidence of complications and severity of the disease should be considered.

Prevalence rate of osteoporosis in the mid-aged and elderly in selected parts of China

OBJECTIVE: To understand the distribution of prevalence rate of osteoporosis in the middle - aged and elderly in parts of China. METHODS: Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured and questionnaires were taken for 5593 people aged above 40 years in five administrative areas in China selected by the stratified - multi - steps - cluster sampling method. RESULTS: The total prevalence rate of osteoporosis was 16.1%. The prevalence rate among males was 11.5% and among females was 19.9% (P

Elderly patients(≥80 years)with acute calculous cholangitis have similar outcomes as non-elderly patients(<80 years):Propensity score-matched analysis

BACKGROUND Acute cholangitis(AC)is a disease spectrum with varying extent of severity.Age≥75 years forms part of the criteria for moderate(Grade II)severity in both the Tokyo Guidelines(TG13 and TG18).Aging is associated with reduced physiological reserves,frailty,and sarcopenia.However,there is evidence that age itself is not the determinant of inferior outcomes in elective and emergency biliary diseases.There is a paucity of reports comparing clinical outcomes amongst elderly patients vs non-elderly patients with AC.AIM To investigate the effect of age(≥80 years)on AC's morbidity and mortality using propensity score matching(PSM).METHODS This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of all patients diagnosed with calculous AC(January 2016 to December 2016)and≥80 years old(January 2012 to December 2016)at a tertiary university-affiliated teaching hospital.Inclusion criteria were patients who were treated for suspected or confirmed AC secondary to biliary stones.Patients with AC on a background of hepatobiliary malignancy,indwelling permanent metallic biliary stents,or concomitant pancreatitis were excluded.Elderly patients were defined as≥80 years old in our study.A 1:1 PSM analysis was performed to reduce selection bias and address confounding factors.Study variables include comorbidities,vital parameters,laboratory and radiological investigations,and type of biliary decompression,including the time for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).Primary outcomes include in-hospital mortality,30-d and 90-d mortality.Length of hospital stay(LOS)was the secondary outcome.RESULTS Four hundred fifty-seven patients with AC were included in this study(318 elderly,139 non-elderly).PSM analysis resulted in a total of 224 patients(112 elderly,112 non-elderly).The adoption of ERCP between elderly and non-elderly was similar in both the unmatched(elderly 64.8%,non-elderly 61.9%,P=0.551)and matched cohorts(elderly 68.8%and non-elderly 58%,P=0.096).The overall in-hospital mortality,30-d mortality and 90-d mortality was 4.6%,7.4%and 8.5%respectively,with no statistically significant differences between the elderly and non-elderly in both the unmatched and matched cohorts.LOS was longer in the unmatched cohort[elderly 8 d,interquartile range(IQR)6-13,vs non-elderly 8 d,IQR 5-11,P=0.040],but was comparable in the matched cohort(elderly 7.5 d,IQR 5-11,vs non-elderly 8 d,IQR 5-11,P=0.982).Subgroup analysis of patients who underwent ERCP demonstrated the majority of the patients(n=159/292,54.5%)had delayed ERCP(>72 h from presentation).There was no significant difference in LOS,30-d mortality,90-d mortality,and in-hospital mortality in patients who had delayed ERCP in both the unmatched and matched cohort matched cohort:in-hospital mortality[n=1/42(2.4%)vs 1/26(3.8%),P=0.728],30-d mortality[n=2/42(4.8%)vs 2/26(7.7%),P=0.618],90-d mortality[n=2/42(4.8%)vs 2/26(7.7%),P=0.618],and LOS(median 8.5 d,IQR 6-11.3,vs 8.5 d,IQR 6-15.3,P=0.929).CONCLUSION Mortality is indifferent in the elderly(≥80 years old)and non-elderly patients(<80 years old)with AC.

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Cumulative Pregnancy Outcome of In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer in Women Aged 35 Years and Older with Normal Ovarian Reserve

Background:To investigate the factors associating with the cumulative clinical pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET)in women aged 35 years and older with normal ovarian reserve.Methods:A total of 358 patients undergoing IVF-ET at the Department of Reproductive Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2014 and June 2016 were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model.Results:The probability of pregnancy in women 35-37 years of age and 38-40 years of age was 75.9%(95%confidence interval[CI]:75.1%-76.7%)and 66.9%(95%CI:65.6%-68.2%),respectively,and it was 37.8%(95%CI:34.7%-41.1%)in women aged 40 years and older.Univariate analysis(hazard ratio[HR]:2.50,95%CI:1.647-3.774)and multivariate analysis(HR:2.17,95%CI:1.427-3.268)showed a correlation between the number of retrieved oocytes and successful pregnancy.Conclusions:The number of retrieved oocytes plays a key role in the pregnancy outcome of women aged 35 years and older with normal ovarian reserve.We recommend the number of retrieved oocytes be increased for women aged 35 years and older with normal ovarian reserve.

Comparison of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Results in Patients under 40 and over 80

Purpose: Coronary artery disease incidence under 40 years age is increasing parallel with atherosclerotic disease at the present day while it’s seen frequently over 40. We compared the preoperative risk factors and early postoperative results of patients under 40 years age with those over 80 years age executed coronary artery bypass surgery in our clinic in this retrospective study. Patients and method: 128 patients (106 patients under 40 years age (Group 1) and 22 patients aged over 80 (Group 2)) executed coronary artery bypass surgery between January 2004 and June 2012 in our clinic are included in this study. Result: Mean age was 45.2 ± 17.2. Smoking, diabetes mellitus and high low density lipoprotein levels were the predisposing risk factors in Group 1 while hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are predominated in the other. All patients are taken to surgical procedure under elective conditions. Aortic cross clamp duration were 37.02 ± 16.2 and 38.9 ± 13.5 minutes respectively;total cardiopulmonary bypass interval was 67.1 ± 26.3 minutes. Utilization of left internal mammarian artery was significantly higher (p = 0.01) in group 1 when compared in terms of graft management. Necessity of positive inotropic support (p = 0.033) and intraaortic balloon pump demand (p = 0.315) are found higher in Group 2. Atrial fibrillation, neurologic complications, delirium, wound infection, and postoperative revision demand are found significantly low (p = 0.136) in Group 1. There was no mortality in both groups. Discussion: Postoperative complications are seen more often in the elder group, while there was no significant difference in terms of mortality in both groups. Coronary revascularisation is safely practical in both young and elder patients with well early postoperative results and acceptable hospital mortality.

Bowel preparation protocol for hospitalized patients ages 50 years or older:A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer progressively increase with age and become particularly prominent after the age of 50 years.Therefore,the population that is≥50 years in age requires long-term and regular colonoscopies.Uncomfortable bowel preparation is the main reason preventing patients from undergoing regular colonoscopies.The standard bowel preparation regimen of 4-L polyethylene glycol(PEG)is effective but poorly tolerated.AIM To investigate an effective and comfortable bowel preparation regimen for hospitalized patients≥50 years in age.METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to group 1(2-L PEG+30-mL lactulose+a lowresidue diet)or group 2(4-L PEG).Adequate bowel preparation was defined as a Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS)score of≥6,with a score of≥2 for each segment.Non-inferiority was prespecified with a margin of 10%.Additionally,the degree of comfort was assessed based on the comfort questionnaire.RESULTS The proportion of patients with a BBPS score of≥6 in group 1 was not significantly different from that in group 2,as demonstrated by intention-to-treat(91.2%vs 91.0%,P=0.953)and per-protocol(91.8%vs 91.0%,P=0.802)analyses.Furthermore,in patients≥75 years in age,the proportion of BBPS scores of≥6 in group 1 was not significantly different from that in group 2(90.9%vs 97.0%,P=0.716).Group 1 had higher comfort scores(8.85±1.162 vs 7.59±1.735,P<0.001),longer sleep duration(6.86±1.204 h vs 5.80±1.730 h,P<0.001),and fewer awakenings(1.42±1.183 vs 2.04±1.835,P=0.026)than group 2.CONCLUSION For hospitalized patients≥50 years in age,the bowel preparation regimen comprising 2-L PEG+30-mL lactulose+a low-residue diet produced a cleanse that was as effective as the 4-L PEG regimen and even provided better comfort.

The Effect of Electro-Acupuncture on Motor Function Recovery in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction:A Randomly Controlled Trial

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture treatment in acute phase of cerebral infarction on the motor functions. In this randomly controlled trial, 86 patients were allocated to two groups, the experimental group given clinical and electro-acupuncture treatments for a period of 4 weeks, and the control group given clinical treatment plus active and/or passive functional exercise. The result showed that the level of impairment and disability in both groups were improvement according to the Chinese Stroke Scale, Brunnstrom-Fugl-Meyer score, and Barthel Index throughout the study and 3 months after. The motor functions and the activities of daily living (ADL) were improved significantly in the electro-acupuncture group as compared with the control group (P

Natural history of chronic hepatitis C in patients on hemodialysis: Case control study with 4-23 years of follow-up

AIM:Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is very common among end-stage kidney disease patients on hemodialysis,but its natural history is not known. METHODS:In this study,189 dialysis patients(case) positive for HCV antibodies who were followed up for more than 4 years were compared with twice as many sex/age matched controls with chronic hepatitis C who were diagnosed in the same month as the case and followed up for comparable periods.The longest follow-up was 23 years in dialysis cases. The disease activities were graded into'asymptomatic'if ALT was less than 40(35 in cases)IU/L,'low activities'if ALT was 40(35)-79 IU/L,and'high activities'if ALT was above 80 IU/L during the last or latest 4 year period. RESULTS:All 25 dialysis cases who were followed up for more than 15 years were asymptomatic and 15 of them were negative for HCV RNA.Of the 50 controls followed up for more than 15 years,34 had high activities,and none deared HCV RNA.There were 60 controls who were asymptomatic, but they were all positive for HCV RNA,while 22.3% of asymptomatic dialysis cases were RNA negative.No dialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C progressed to cirrhosis, whereas the disease progressed to cirrhosis in more than one quarter of the controls.These differences were highly significant(P<0.0001). CONCLUSION:Chronic hepatitic C among hemodialysis patients is mild in disease activity,and is not progressive, perhaps due to immunological abnormalities in these patients. Hepatic C virus is frequently cleared in asymptomatic dialysis patients during a long course.A possible mechanism for viral clearance is viral particle destruction on the surface of the dialyzer membrane.