Improving the Surface Performance of Electrospun Air Filter Paper Using Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this study,air filter base paper(P)was used as the receiving substrate,polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and PVA/multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)spinning solutions were used to prepare electrospun air filter papers(P-PVA and P-PVA/MWCNT,respectively).Then,P-PVA/MWCNT was calendered under different pressures.The effect of MWCNTs on the surface performance of P-PVA/MWCNT was explored and the influence of calendering technology on their structure and filtration characteristics was analyzed.Electron scanning microscope observation showed that the PVA nanofibers on the surface of P-PVA/MWCNT had no beading,and MWCNTs weakened the surface electrostatic phenomenon and had a good micromorphology.During the calendering process,with an increase in pressure,the mean pore size and surface roughness of P-PVA/MWCNT decreased,the initial resistance increased,and the filtration efficiency changed slightly.

Manufacturing of High-efficiency Air Filter Paper Using Ultra-fine Fibers

In this paper,the manufacturing of high-efficiency air filter paper is reported.The air filter paper was produced using ultra-fine fibers and wateroat fibers mercerized by alkali,using an electrospinning apparatus with multiple rings.The high efficiency air filter paper has an antibacterial effect after adding a chitosan-copper complex which is harmless to humans.As a result of the measurement,the filtering efficiency of the air filter paper is approximately 99.998%and its antibacterial efficiency is approximately 99.5%.

Experimental assessment of a new salt aerosol generator for measuring efficiency of automotive air filters

Generation of polydisperse KCl aerosol with a new salt aerosol generator was investigated.Special attention was paid on particles with diameters between 3 and 10 μm.The main improvement consists of the different routes of KCl solution droplets.In traditional generators,the solution droplets travel through one cylinder;while in the case analyzed here,after spray atomization,the droplets travel through two cylinders in series.The first cylinder was fed with warm air and the second one with cold air.In such way,the complete evaporation of the water from the droplets can be ensured.The influencing factors of the generated aerosol size distribution were investigated.The data measured show that the concentration of generated aerosol becomes higher both increasing the flow rate of the KCl solution injected in the first cylinder and increasing the concentration in the solution.The temperature of solution influences mainly the generation of smaller KCl particles(0.3-3 μm).The amount of hot air used in the generation process increases the concentration of larger KCl particles(>3 μm) while cold air does not have the same effect.The aerosol generator is able to generate KCl aerosol stably.This instrument can be used effectively for testing air filters for automotive.

Natural Convection through Air Filter Media for Cooling of Remote Radio Heads

Passive cooling techniques are cost effective and reliable methods of cooling remote radio heads (RRH). This paper investigates the plausibility of a passive cooling technique involving exchanging warm air, from the internal cavity of RRHs, with fresh ambient air, to reduce the operating temperature using natural convection across air filters. The results indicate that, an internal air filter tube structure, with width of the enclosure, running vertically up the middle of an RRH, along with 4 pleat filter sides (2.0 ± 0.5 cm separation) provides the most effective outdoor suitable setup out of those examined. This provides a reduction in temperature of 3.9°K ± 0.4°K in the PA and 4.0°K ± 0.4°K in the radio, and a reduction in mass of 0.45 ± 0.05 kg, and is capable of withstanding water ingress and corrosive conditions including wind driven rain and salt fog.

CFD–DEM simulation of particle deposition characteristics of pleated air filter media based on porous media model

In this study, the three-dimensional physical model of pleated air filtration media was simplified to porous media model, and the calculation parameters of porous media were obtained based on experimental data. The model of V-shaped pleated air filter media is constructed, the height of the media pleat is 50 mm and the pleat thickness is 4 mm, the pleat angle is 3.7°. The Hertz-Mindlin contact model was modified by Johnson Kendall Roberts (JKR) adhesion contact model. The deposition process of particles in media was simulated based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) theory and discrete element method (DEM). Results show that the CFD–DEM coupling method can be effectively applied to the macro research of pleated air filter media. The particles will form dust layer and dendrite structure on the fiber surface, and the dust layer will affect the subsequent air flow organization, and the dendrite structure will eventually form a “particle wall”. The formation of the “particle wall” will prevent the particles from moving further in the fluid domain, which makes area of pleated angle become the “low efficiency” part about the particle deposition. Compared with area of pleated angle, the particles are concentrated in the opening area and the middle area of the pleated to agglomerate and deposit.

Triboelectric nanogenerator enhanced multilayered antibacterial nanofiber air filters for efficient removal of ultrafine particulate matter

We developed a high-efficiency rotating triboelectric nanogenerator （R-TENG）- enhanced multi.layered antibacterial polyimide （PI） nanofiber air filters for removing ultrafine particulate matter （PM） from ambient atmosphere. Compared to single- layered PI nanofiber filters, the multilayered nanofiber filter can completely remove all of the particles with diameters larger than 0.54 ffm and shows enhanced removal efficiency for smaller PM particles. After connecting with a R-TENG, the removal efficiency of the filer for ultrafine partides is further enhanced. The highest removal efficiency for ultrafine particulate matter is 94.1% at the diameter of 53.3 nm and the average removal efficiency reached 89.9%. Despite an increase in the layer number, the thickness of each individual layer of the film decreased, and hence, the total pressure drop of the filter decreased instead of increasing. Moreover, the nanofiber film exhibited high antibacterial activity because of the addition of a small amount of silver nanoparticles. This technology with zero ozone release and low pressure drop is appropriate for cleaning air, haze treatment, and bacterial control.

Large-scale blow spinning of heat-resistant nanofibrous air filters

Particulate matter(PM)pollution has become a serious problem worldwide and various kinds of nanofibrous filters aiming to solve the problem have been developed.It is urgent to remove PM from high-temperature pollution sources,such as industrial emissions,coal furnaces,and automobile exhaust gases.However,filtration at pollution sources remains challenging because most existing air filters are not resistant to high temperature.Herein,heat-resistant polyimide(PI)nanofibrous air filters are fabricated via a simple and scalable solution blow-spinning method.These air filters show excellent thermal stability at high temperature up to 420℃.They exhibit a filtration efficiency as high as 99.73%at ambient temperature and over 97%at 300℃.In addition,a field test shows that the filters remove>97%of PM from the car exhaust fumes.Hence,the blow-spun PI nanofibrous membranes combined with the facile preparation strategy have great potential in high temperature air filtration fields and other similar applications such as water purification and protein separation.

Structure Optimization of Air Filter Based on Parametric Sensitivity

As the supporting supplier of the main engine plant, the general air filter manufacturers have insufficient technical reserves. The structural optimization of air filter is often based on the bench experiment, which has high implementation cost and poor performance. In view of this, taking computational fluid dynamics(CFD) as the basic technical means, an optimization design method based on parametric sensitivity combined with equidistant search was proposed. Specifically, the sensitivity of local structure parameters to pressure loss was analyzed by taking local structure of air filter as the object. According to the sensitivity, the method of equidistant search was used to optimize the parameters in order, so as to achieve the goal of overall optimization. After optimization, the pressure loss decreased by 45.13% and the effect was remarkable.

FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF WALLFLOW DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER SYSTEM WITH REVERSE PULSE AIR REGENERATION

To simulate steady airflows inside of wall-flow diesel particulate filters （DPF） with different reverse blowing pipes collocation, a mathematical model of the flow in a DPF is established by an equivalent continuum approach. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical values calculated from the model. Simulation shows that the velocity and the pressure distribution of the filters in the regenerative process are key factors to the filter＇s regeneration. How to decrease the mal-distribution of the flow in the filter and how to achieve the better regenerative performance at the least cost of air consumption in the regenerative process are the ultimate goals of the study. Calculation and experiments show that the goals can be realized through adjusting the angle of two reverse blowing pipes and their relative location suitably.

Reusable and durable electrostatic air filter based on hybrid metallized microfibers decorated with metal–organic–framework nanocrystals

As global air pollution becomes increasingly severe,various types of fibrous filters have been developed to improve air filter performance.However,fibrous filters have limitations such as high packing density that generally causes high-pressure drop and ultimately deterioration in the filtration efficiency.High-pressure particulate matter precipitators are limited in terms of scope for commercialization because they require high voltage supplies and ozone generators.In this study,we develop fibrous filters with enhanced durability and improved performance using metallized microfibers decorated with metal-organic-framework(MOF)nanocrystals.Not only does the efficiency of the developed filters remain at or above 97%for 0.50-1.5μm PMs but the durability also significantly increases.In addition,using the water purification ability of the MOF,we explore the dye degradation effect of the hybrid microfibers by immersing them into Rhodamine B aqueous solution.In such an experiment the Rhodamine B aqueous solution is completely purified by the presence of the hybrid microfibers under the UV irradiation.

超低阻呼吸防护用聚乳酸纳米纤维膜制备及长效过滤性能

长期暴露于大气环境中高浓度的细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))会对人类的长期健康效应产生消极影响,传统空气过滤材料难以兼顾高效、低阻的防护效果,且不可降解,不仅加剧全球塑料污染,还易产生更强的微塑料危害。为此,制备了一种具有空气滑移效应、自供能且可生物降解的纳米纤维膜,以保障长效、低阻呼吸防护。提出两步水热法制备平均粒径49.6 nm、易分散的BaTiO_(3)电介质,同时利用“静电纺丝-静电喷雾”法将BTO纳米颗粒(BTO NPs)原位嵌入PLA纤维膜,利用BTO NPs的摩擦电效应和尺寸效应同步调控纤维膜的过滤效率和空气阻力。通过控制喷雾悬浮液中BTO NPs的浓度,探讨其与PLA/BTO纤维膜电活性、过滤性能和力学性能之间的关系。微观表征和性能测试结果表明:PLA/BTO纤维膜具有优异的电活性、过滤性能及力学性能。PLA/BTO纤维膜表面电势可高达5.9 kV,介电常数达1.20 F/m,平均输出电压高达12.4 V;得益于增强的空气分子滑移效应和电活性,PLA/BTO10纤维膜在显著降低空气阻力(低至20 Pa)的同时,对PM_(0.3)过滤效率提升了7.78%~9.05%,对PM_(2.5)过滤效率提升了2.90%~13.19%,即使在85 L/min高测试流量下仍能保证高达97.25%的PM_(2.5)过滤效率;同时,PLA/BTO纤维膜拉伸强度增幅高达60%(拉伸强度22.5 MPa),断裂伸长率增幅高达68%(断裂伸长率25%),而断裂韧性最高可提升1.3倍(断裂韧性3.6 MJ/m^(3))。因此,提出的兼具长效、低阻过滤且可降解纤维膜在呼吸防护领域具有广阔的应用前景,也为缓解废弃口罩加剧的塑料污染现状提供了一种新思路。

空气过滤棉荷尘阻力特性的实验研究

为研究复合式空气过滤棉的阻力特性,选择3层复合空气过滤棉作为主要研究对象,通过实验系统地研究荷尘速率对其阻力变化的影响,并与过滤纸进行对比。研究结果表明:在相同过滤风速下,荷尘质量浓度越低,过滤棉阻力上升速度越快;过滤棉等级越低,荷尘质量浓度对其阻力增长影响越大,归一化阻力随单位面积荷尘质量的增长越快;过滤风速对过滤棉归一化阻力的增长有影响,过滤风速越大,归一化阻力增长越缓慢,但对效率较高的过滤棉影响不大。相同荷尘条件下,相较于过滤纸,过滤棉的归一化阻力上升更慢;基于实验归纳得到3层复合空气过滤棉的阻力增长特性方程。研究结果可为其使用寿命预测提供参考。

空气过滤用聚氨酯纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能

为拓展静电纺纳米纤维在空气过滤领域中的应用,以聚氨酯(PU)为原料,加入不同种类的盐,采用静电纺丝法制备树枝状PU纳米纤维膜。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角测试仪、红外光谱仪、自动滤料测试仪测试纳米纤维膜的微观结构、亲疏水性、化学结构和过滤性能。结果表明:在PU质量分数14%条件下,添加有机盐TBAC,纺丝电压35 kV时,制备的纳米纤维膜的树枝状分叉结构明显;TBAC的加入使纤维膜的接触角由99.1°减小到82.8°;分叉结构使纳米纤维膜的过滤性能显著提高,与纯PU纳米纤维膜相比,过滤效率从50.8%提高到93.6%,品质因子从0.009提高到0.073,可满足高效低阻空气过滤材料的需求。

基于壳聚糖的复合抑菌空气滤料制备与评估

由于新冠疫情的暴发,人们对于室内空气质量有了更高的要求.探索既能过滤细微颗粒物,还能抑制和消杀微生物细菌、防止二次污染的过滤材料具有重要意义.以质量分数为1%的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)乳液配制出不同壳聚糖质量浓度的浸渍液,利用直接浸渍后处理工艺制备出壳聚糖/涤纶/聚四氟乙烯复合抑菌空气滤料.利用大肠杆菌为实验菌落验证其抑菌性能,并对其织物特性、捕集效率及压差特性进行了研究.结果表明,壳聚糖质量浓度为12.5 mg/mL时复合滤料初始阻力最小,对PM_(2.5)粒子捕集效率达到93.88%,品质因子为0.02013,分别比原始滤料提高19.56%,0.0044,且对大肠杆菌的抑菌率为84.12%.综上所述,壳聚糖质量浓度为12.5 mg/mL,PTFE乳液质量分数为1%的浸渍液制备的壳聚糖/涤纶/聚四氟乙烯复合抑菌空气滤料兼具良好的过滤能力与抑菌效果.

空气净化技术研究(1):纤维过滤

纤维过滤是目前使用最广泛的空气净化技术,主要滤材有无纺布、玻璃纤维、驻极体静电纤维、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜和纳米纤维。本文比较了国内外主要空气过滤器标准中的效率规格,介绍了这5种纤维过滤器的特点,分析了国内外文献报道的这些过滤器的主要性能和优缺点。对3种空气过滤器,即用驻极体静电纤维、PTFE纤维和静电纺丝纳米纤维制造的空气过滤器进行了测试,其中静电纺丝纳米纤维和PTFE纤维空气过滤器虽然仍存在不足,但是已实现了高效低阻的目标。面对全球肆虐不断的各种流行性疾病,空气过滤器不但需要实现高效率、低阻力,更应具备杀灭细菌和灭活病毒的功能,新的、性能更优的纤维过滤材料和空气过滤器有待开发和应用。

非织造空气过滤材料制备及功能化研究进展

总结非织造空气过滤材料制备工艺及功能化改性的研究进展。对针刺、熔喷和静电纺丝等非织造空气过滤材料制备方法进行了阐述,分析了不同非织造工艺技术存在的问题。对非织造空气过滤材料抗菌、除甲醛、脱硝、脱硫和耐高温等功能化改性进行了探讨。认为:通过优化工艺流程、调控织物结构制备绿色高效非织造空气过滤材料是未来发展方向。

等离子体发生器导流板结构优化研究

高效滤芯是空气净化器的关键部件,当空气净化器中流向高效滤芯部分的送风不均匀时,会导致滤芯利用率较低,从而影响滤芯的过滤性能.为提高滤芯的使用效率进而改善装置的净化性能,可以在风机和高效滤芯之间放置导流型等离子体发生器,利用发生器的导流板使送风气流更均匀的吹向滤芯.为探究适宜的导流板结构参数,采用数值模拟的方法对不同结构参数导流板下的流动过程进行分析,通过对比滤芯使用率和送风均匀性等指标,给出适宜的导流板长度和张开角度设计方案.研究结果表明,对于本文研究的净化器尺寸,导流板设计长度为100 mm、张开角度为10°时的送风更均匀.优化后的尾部导流板结构简单、设计合理、使用方便,分散了送风气流的方向,更有利于提高后端高效滤芯的利用率和使用寿命.

气泡对浮选精煤压滤压力及脱水性能影响机理

起泡剂的加入使得煤泥浮选过程中产生稳定性强、黏度高、难以破灭的泡沫,大量泡沫的堆积严重制约了浮选精煤的压滤脱水效果。为探明气泡对浮选精煤的压滤压力及脱水性能的影响机理,使用新型加压脱水装置研究气泡对浮选精煤压滤压力、滤饼位移、滤液质量及滤饼水分的影响规律,并通过ImageJ图像处理、流变特性测试、FBRM试验和SEM表征等一系列方法对脱水机理进行探究。压滤结果表明,充气量为0.3 m ^(3)/h时,浮选精煤压滤所需压力由451.2 kg增至540.7 kg,滤饼水分增加10.7个百分点。ImageJ图像处理表明小直径气泡分布占比随充气量的增大而增大,流变性测试表明随充气量增加,浮选精煤黏度增大且动切力τ0由0.9947 mPa增至1.1703 mPa,说明颗粒定向重排作用增强;FBRM试验表明气泡的存在使浮选精煤粒径增大,发生凝聚现象,颗粒间相互作用力增大;SEM结果表明气泡使浮选精煤颗粒聚集现象明显。气泡的存在导致浮选精煤颗粒排列更加紧密,颗粒间毛细半径减小,过滤所需压力增大,同时滤饼孔隙变小,水分迁移路径更复杂,不利于水分脱除。

基于静电纺PAN/PMIA共混纳米纤维复合空气过滤纸的制备及性能研究

以空气过滤原纸为基材,高可纺性的聚丙烯腈(PAN)和高性能间位芳纶短切纤维(PMIA)为原料,利用静电纺丝技术,制备PAN/PMIA共混纳米纤维复合空气过滤纸。通过调整2种特种纤维的质量比,制备具有良好过滤性能和较好耐高温性能的复合空气过滤纸。结果表明,PAN与PMIA质量比为3∶7的PAN/PMIA共混纳米纤维复合空气过滤纸的过滤效率为99.995%,初始阻力为79.01 Pa,容尘量为175 g/m^(2)。经一系列热处理后,复合空气过滤纸的过滤效率可保持在99.960%以上。