Abstract Chinese air pollution has increased in this century along with the rapid socioeconomic development and resulting anthropogenic emissions. While recent emission control measures have shown encouraging re sults...Abstract Chinese air pollution has increased in this century along with the rapid socioeconomic development and resulting anthropogenic emissions. While recent emission control measures have shown encouraging re sults and have reduced the levels of sulfur dioxide and primary aerosols, the concentrations of other air pollutants continue to grow, particularly secondary pollutants in cluding ozone and secondary aerosols. Meanwhile, a va riety of intentional and unintentional socioeconomic events have temporarily changed the pace, and even the signs, of growth of air pollution. These events include the short-term emission restrictions imposed during the Sino-African Summit, the Beijing Olympics and Para lympics, the Shanghai World Exposition （Shanghai Expo）, the Guangzhou Asian Olympics, and the Shenzhen Uni versiade, as well as the unintentional emission reductions associated with the recent economic recession and the annual Chinese New Year. This paper presents a brief overview of trends and temporary perturbations of Chi nese air pollution since 2000, summarizing studies on anthropogenic emission inventories, atmospheric meas urements, and inverse modeling. It concludes with rec ommendations for future research.展开更多
At present, air pollution has become the main problem in many developed and developing countries. Especially, in Ulaanbaatar city of Mongolia, it has become one of the most tackled issues of every citizen living in th...At present, air pollution has become the main problem in many developed and developing countries. Especially, in Ulaanbaatar city of Mongolia, it has become one of the most tackled issues of every citizen living in the capital city. The aim of this study is to highlight the trend of air pollution and pollution sources in the Mongolian capital and conduct some air pollution analyses. Overall, the study indicates that the air pollution in Ulaanbaatar city is a very serious problem and for its reduction, rapid and thorough measures should be taken.展开更多
In 2016 WHO reported that Kolkata is the second most polluted city inIndia behind Delhi. Albeit the number of registered vehicles in Kolkatais much less compare to Delhi. Kolkata has encountered a decade longbattle ag...In 2016 WHO reported that Kolkata is the second most polluted city inIndia behind Delhi. Albeit the number of registered vehicles in Kolkatais much less compare to Delhi. Kolkata has encountered a decade longbattle against change of old vehicles and fuel types. So, this paper madean attempt to explore the dynamics of air pollution in the city speciallypre and post period of vehicle and fuel change in the city. The objectivesof the paper include looking at spatiotemporal change of air pollution inthe city. Besides, the paper additionally illuminates on the role of landuse functions and pollution in the city. The analysis shows that after theimplementation of regulatory measures air pollution in the city reduced tosome extent but effects of the measure gradually diminished. It is foundthat land use function as well as dynamics of metropolitan area plays crucialrole in the air pollution of the city.展开更多
The chemical and physical characteristics of PM2.5, especially their temporal and geographical variations, have been explored in metropolitan Hangzhou area (China) by a field campaign from September 2010 to July 2011....The chemical and physical characteristics of PM2.5, especially their temporal and geographical variations, have been explored in metropolitan Hangzhou area (China) by a field campaign from September 2010 to July 2011. Annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 during non-raining days were 106 - 131 μg.m-3 and 127 - 158 μg.m-3, respectively, at three stations in urban breathing zones, while corresponding concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at an urban background station (16 mabove ground level in a park) were 78 and 104 μg.m-3, respectively. For comparison, the annual average PM10 concentration at a suburban station (5 mAGL) was 93 μg.m-3. Detailed chemical analyses were also conducted for all samples collected during the campaign. We found that toxic metals (Cd, As, Pb, Zn, Mo, Cu, Hg) were highly enriched in the breathing zones due to anthropogenic activities, while soluble ions (, , ) and total carbon accounted for majority of PM2.5 mass. Unlike most areas in China where sulfate was several times of nitrate in fine PM, nitrate was as important as sulfate and highly correlated with ammonium during the campaign. Thus, a historical shift from sulfate-dominant fine PM to nitrate-dominant fine PM was documented.展开更多
Man made activities are changing environment of our planet earth.Various methods are used to reduce the environmental pollution.In this paper the methods of air/water/soil pollution mitigation/reduction using electrom...Man made activities are changing environment of our planet earth.Various methods are used to reduce the environmental pollution.In this paper the methods of air/water/soil pollution mitigation/reduction using electromagnetic fields is discussed.Air/water/soil contains ions and the energy transfer for living organisms takes place by ion exchange processes.Ions are affected by electric/magnetic fields.Many investigators展开更多
Various methods are used to reduce the environmental pollution.In this paper the methods of air/water/soil pollution mitigation/reduction using electromagnetic fields is discussed.Air/water/soil contains ions and the ...Various methods are used to reduce the environmental pollution.In this paper the methods of air/water/soil pollution mitigation/reduction using electromagnetic fields is discussed.Air/water/soil contains ions and the energy transfer for living organisms take place by ion exchange processes.Ions are affected by electric/magnetic fields.Many investigators are working on improving environment by applying electromagnetic fields,which affect展开更多
2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) was firstly treated with air ions generated by electric discharge, and high dechlorination (53%) was observed after 60 min treatment, indicating that air ions are an efficient dechlorinatio...2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) was firstly treated with air ions generated by electric discharge, and high dechlorination (53%) was observed after 60 min treatment, indicating that air ions are an efficient dechlorination means and might have a future in the oxidative removal of chlorinated phenols. In addition, a stepwise degradation of TCP, beginning with the formation of a major product 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzenediol via substitution, is proposed through a detailed analysis of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.展开更多
Since the volcanic eruption in 2000, continuous monitoring of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas has been conducted with in-situ samplers located along the seashore road in Miyakejima, a volcano island around 180 kmsouth of Tok...Since the volcanic eruption in 2000, continuous monitoring of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas has been conducted with in-situ samplers located along the seashore road in Miyakejima, a volcano island around 180 kmsouth of Tokyo. The purpose of these sampling measurements has been to issue warning on the hazardous air pollution to the local residents. Therefore, the resulting data do not provide direct information on pollution levels inside the restricted areas where high concentration of SO2 still takes place frequently. From the ecological point of view, it is desirable to have pollution data covering wider regions of the island. In this paper we report on our differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements carried out inside the highly-polluted, restricted areas in Miyakejima in December 2009 and September 2010. The system is based on continuous light emitted from a xenon light sources, while detector setups consisting of a telescope and a compact spectrometer detect the light after passing a nearly horizontal optical path of460 m-1300 m. By virtue of the portability of the DOAS observation systems, we achieved the measurement of the concentrations inside the restricted districts in the eastern and southwestern parts of the island. The DOAS results in both of these districts revealed the occurrence of pollution of volcanic gas even when no pollution was observed at nearby sampling stations. In addition, simultaneous measurements with two nearly orthogonal DOAS paths were conducted for examining the spatial distribution of the volcanic gas over the spatial range of several hundred meters. The result of this two paths measurement has indicated the importance of orography, in addition to the wind speed and wind direction, in determining the spatial concentration of SO2 emitted from the volcano crater.展开更多
Although some have argued that pollution in Beijing is getting better,it’s still a hellscape of atmospheric doom more often than not.And,as the lungs of Beijingers and others in North China congeal into a stew,compan...Although some have argued that pollution in Beijing is getting better,it’s still a hellscape of atmospheric doom more often than not.And,as the lungs of Beijingers and others in North China congeal into a stew,companies know there’s money to be made,and if you’re going to make money,what better way than with lasers?The Laser Egg from Beijing startup Origins Technology is a tiny,handheld air monitor that展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41005078 and 41175127)
文摘Abstract Chinese air pollution has increased in this century along with the rapid socioeconomic development and resulting anthropogenic emissions. While recent emission control measures have shown encouraging re sults and have reduced the levels of sulfur dioxide and primary aerosols, the concentrations of other air pollutants continue to grow, particularly secondary pollutants in cluding ozone and secondary aerosols. Meanwhile, a va riety of intentional and unintentional socioeconomic events have temporarily changed the pace, and even the signs, of growth of air pollution. These events include the short-term emission restrictions imposed during the Sino-African Summit, the Beijing Olympics and Para lympics, the Shanghai World Exposition （Shanghai Expo）, the Guangzhou Asian Olympics, and the Shenzhen Uni versiade, as well as the unintentional emission reductions associated with the recent economic recession and the annual Chinese New Year. This paper presents a brief overview of trends and temporary perturbations of Chi nese air pollution since 2000, summarizing studies on anthropogenic emission inventories, atmospheric meas urements, and inverse modeling. It concludes with rec ommendations for future research.
文摘At present, air pollution has become the main problem in many developed and developing countries. Especially, in Ulaanbaatar city of Mongolia, it has become one of the most tackled issues of every citizen living in the capital city. The aim of this study is to highlight the trend of air pollution and pollution sources in the Mongolian capital and conduct some air pollution analyses. Overall, the study indicates that the air pollution in Ulaanbaatar city is a very serious problem and for its reduction, rapid and thorough measures should be taken.
文摘In 2016 WHO reported that Kolkata is the second most polluted city inIndia behind Delhi. Albeit the number of registered vehicles in Kolkatais much less compare to Delhi. Kolkata has encountered a decade longbattle against change of old vehicles and fuel types. So, this paper madean attempt to explore the dynamics of air pollution in the city speciallypre and post period of vehicle and fuel change in the city. The objectivesof the paper include looking at spatiotemporal change of air pollution inthe city. Besides, the paper additionally illuminates on the role of landuse functions and pollution in the city. The analysis shows that after theimplementation of regulatory measures air pollution in the city reduced tosome extent but effects of the measure gradually diminished. It is foundthat land use function as well as dynamics of metropolitan area plays crucialrole in the air pollution of the city.
文摘The chemical and physical characteristics of PM2.5, especially their temporal and geographical variations, have been explored in metropolitan Hangzhou area (China) by a field campaign from September 2010 to July 2011. Annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 during non-raining days were 106 - 131 μg.m-3 and 127 - 158 μg.m-3, respectively, at three stations in urban breathing zones, while corresponding concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at an urban background station (16 mabove ground level in a park) were 78 and 104 μg.m-3, respectively. For comparison, the annual average PM10 concentration at a suburban station (5 mAGL) was 93 μg.m-3. Detailed chemical analyses were also conducted for all samples collected during the campaign. We found that toxic metals (Cd, As, Pb, Zn, Mo, Cu, Hg) were highly enriched in the breathing zones due to anthropogenic activities, while soluble ions (, , ) and total carbon accounted for majority of PM2.5 mass. Unlike most areas in China where sulfate was several times of nitrate in fine PM, nitrate was as important as sulfate and highly correlated with ammonium during the campaign. Thus, a historical shift from sulfate-dominant fine PM to nitrate-dominant fine PM was documented.
文摘Man made activities are changing environment of our planet earth.Various methods are used to reduce the environmental pollution.In this paper the methods of air/water/soil pollution mitigation/reduction using electromagnetic fields is discussed.Air/water/soil contains ions and the energy transfer for living organisms takes place by ion exchange processes.Ions are affected by electric/magnetic fields.Many investigators
文摘Various methods are used to reduce the environmental pollution.In this paper the methods of air/water/soil pollution mitigation/reduction using electromagnetic fields is discussed.Air/water/soil contains ions and the energy transfer for living organisms take place by ion exchange processes.Ions are affected by electric/magnetic fields.Many investigators are working on improving environment by applying electromagnetic fields,which affect
基金the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany, and partly by the CAS and the NNSF of China.
文摘2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) was firstly treated with air ions generated by electric discharge, and high dechlorination (53%) was observed after 60 min treatment, indicating that air ions are an efficient dechlorination means and might have a future in the oxidative removal of chlorinated phenols. In addition, a stepwise degradation of TCP, beginning with the formation of a major product 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzenediol via substitution, is proposed through a detailed analysis of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
文摘Since the volcanic eruption in 2000, continuous monitoring of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas has been conducted with in-situ samplers located along the seashore road in Miyakejima, a volcano island around 180 kmsouth of Tokyo. The purpose of these sampling measurements has been to issue warning on the hazardous air pollution to the local residents. Therefore, the resulting data do not provide direct information on pollution levels inside the restricted areas where high concentration of SO2 still takes place frequently. From the ecological point of view, it is desirable to have pollution data covering wider regions of the island. In this paper we report on our differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements carried out inside the highly-polluted, restricted areas in Miyakejima in December 2009 and September 2010. The system is based on continuous light emitted from a xenon light sources, while detector setups consisting of a telescope and a compact spectrometer detect the light after passing a nearly horizontal optical path of460 m-1300 m. By virtue of the portability of the DOAS observation systems, we achieved the measurement of the concentrations inside the restricted districts in the eastern and southwestern parts of the island. The DOAS results in both of these districts revealed the occurrence of pollution of volcanic gas even when no pollution was observed at nearby sampling stations. In addition, simultaneous measurements with two nearly orthogonal DOAS paths were conducted for examining the spatial distribution of the volcanic gas over the spatial range of several hundred meters. The result of this two paths measurement has indicated the importance of orography, in addition to the wind speed and wind direction, in determining the spatial concentration of SO2 emitted from the volcano crater.
文摘Although some have argued that pollution in Beijing is getting better,it’s still a hellscape of atmospheric doom more often than not.And,as the lungs of Beijingers and others in North China congeal into a stew,companies know there’s money to be made,and if you’re going to make money,what better way than with lasers?The Laser Egg from Beijing startup Origins Technology is a tiny,handheld air monitor that
