Control Strategies of Large-scale Residential Air Conditioning Loads Participating in Demand Response Programs

Residential air conditioning(RAC)loads have great potential to be included in demand response(DR)programs.This paper studies large-scale RAC loads participating in DR programs,such as modeling,parameters identification,DR characteristics and control strategies.First,an aggregate model of large-scale RAC loads are established based on the buildings’performance with heat storage and insulation,avoiding the calculation of a single RAC model.Then,parameters of the aggregate model are identified based on the RACs’power and outdoor temperatures.Based on the aggregate model,DR characteristics of RAC loads are analyzed,including the dynamic relationship between power,outdoor and indoor temperature,and the potential of DR combined with the users’comfort.Next,the DR control strategies adapted for large-scale RAC loads are established by adjusting the temperature set-points.The DR strategies consider users’comfort and calculate the control signals of each RAC load according to the DR power,including adjustment temperature and adjustment time,which are sent to each RAC load for execution.In the DR process,the control center does not need to obtain the users’indoor temperature,which is conducive to protecting the users’privacy.DR strategies of RAC loads when the control degree within/beyond the DR potential are both proposed,and a load recovery control strategy is also introduced.Finally,the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model and DR control strategies are verified by simulation results.

Hybrid Control Strategy for Air-conditioning Loads Participating in Peak Load Reduction Through Wide-range Transport Model

This paper proposes a hybrid control strategy of air-conditioning loads(ACLs)for participating in peak load reduction.The hybrid control strategy combines the temperature setpoint adjustment(TSA)control and on/off control together to make full use of response potentials of ACLs.The primary free transport model of ACLs has been established in literature at or near a fixed temperature setpoint.In this paper,a wide-range transport(WRT)model suitable for larger value of TSA is proposed.The WRT model can be constructed easily through the parameter of devices and indoor and outdoor temperature.To modulate the aggregate response characteristics of ACLs more friendly to the power grid,the safe protocol(SP)is adopted and integrated into the WRT model,which achieves a good unification of oscillation suppression and efficient modeling.Moreover,the hybrid control strategy is implemented based on the WRT model,and the model predictive control(MPC)controller is designed considering the tracking error and control switch cost.At last,the superiority of the hybrid control strategy is verified and the performance of ACLs for peak load reduction under this controller is simulated.The simulation results show that the hybrid control strategy could exploit the load reduction potential of ACLs fully than the TSA mode and track the reference signal more accurately.

DEVELOPMENT OF CALCULATING MODEL APPLICABLE FOR CYLINDER WALL DYNAMIC HEAT TRANSFER

In the calculation of submarine air conditioning load of the early stage, the obtained heat is regarded as cooling load. The confusion of the two words causing the cooling load figured out is abnormally high, and the change of air conditioning cooling load can not be indicated. In accordance with submarine structure and heat transfer characteristics of its inner components, Laplace transformation to heat conduction differential equation of cylinder wall is carried out. The dynamic calculation of submarine conditioning load based on this model is also conducted, and the results of calculation are compared with those of static cooling load calculation. It is concluded that the dynamic cooling load calculation methods can illustrate the change of submarine air conditioning cooling load more accurate than the static one.

Comparative Study of the Thermal Comfort of Four Materials Type Used in the Construction of a Building

This research work consisted in making a comparative study of the thermal comfort of four materials types used in the construction of a building.A simulation of the building with the various materials on the KoZiBu software in reference and optimized situation was carried out.A study on the sensitive and air-conditioning loads as well as the curves of temperatures on a building of type F2 in situation of reference and in optimized situation was made on the one hand and the other hand a study on the same building without air-conditioning in reference and optimized situation.Finally,the analysis of the results favorizes the choice of the material having the best thermal comfort.The conclusions of these works show that the material that can give the best comfort and the most economics in terms of energy is the adobe which offers temperatures(301.40K or 28.40°C)and a good indoor thermal environment compared to BLT(blocks of cut laterite),BTC(blocks of compressed earth)and cinder block.Dwellings built with earthen materials offer a better indoor thermal environment than those built with modern construction materials,which are used more and more in the construction of houses in Burkina Faso.