Approach for air-to-air confrontment based on uncertain interval information conditions

Model combat information conditions are always uncertain and varied, the uncertain interval theory is therefore introduced into the research of multiple fighters suppressing the integrated air defense system(IADS) problem. Considering that the combat information conditions are uncertain intervals, the payoff function of the game for multiple fighters suppressing the IADS is modeled.Using the operation rules for interval numbers and the possibility degree, an improved chaotic particle swarm optimization(CPSO)is designed to solve the proposed model so as to obtain the optimal game solution. Comparison simulations are performed to analyze the influence of the weapons consumption and the distances of non-escaped zone and jamming on air combat result. Simulation results suggest that Nash equilibrium is achieved and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Characteristic wavelength selection of volatile organic compounds infrared spectra based on improved interval partial least squares

As important components of air pollutant,volatile organic compounds(VOCs)can cause great harm to environment and human body.The concentration change of VOCs should be focused on in real-time environment monitoring system.In order to solve the problem of wavelength redundancy in full spectrum partial least squares(PLS)modeling for VOCs concentration analysis,a new method based on improved interval PLS(iPLS)integrated with Monte-Carlo sampling,called iPLS-MC method,was proposed to select optimal characteristic wavelengths of VOCs spectra.This method uses iPLS modeling to preselect the characteristic wavebands of the spectra and generates random wavelength combinations from the selected wavebands by Monte-Carlo sampling.The wavelength combination with the best prediction result in regression model is selected as the characteristic wavelengths of the spectrum.Different wavelength selection methods were built,respectively,on Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectra of ethylene and ethanol gas at different concentrations obtained in the laboratory.When the interval number of iPLS model is set to 30 and the Monte-Carlo sampling runs 1000 times,the characteristic wavelengths selected by iPLS-MC method can reduce from 8916 to 10,which occupies only 0.22%of the full spectrum wavelengths.While the RMSECV and correlation coefficient(Rc)for ethylene are 0.2977 and 0.9999 ppm,and those for ethanol gas are 0.2977 ppm and 0.9999.The experimental results show that the iPLS-MC method can select the optimal characteristic wavelengths of VOCs FTIR spectra stably and effectively,and the prediction performance of the regression model can be significantly improved and simplified by using characteristic wavelengths.

ALTERABLE INTERVAL OPTICALELECTRONIC AUTOCOLLIMATION METHOD FOR STRAIGHTNESS MEASUREMENT OF PRECISION GUIDE

Optical-electronic autocollimation method is commonly used to measure straightness of precision guides in engineering application. However, the traditional fixed interval optical-electronic autocollimation method is not suitable for measuring straightness of an air-bearing guide with a long air-bearing bush or a precision straight guide with a long slide-carriage, because the air-bearing bush and the slidecarriage are actually taken as a big bridgeboard bigger than the length of the bridgeboard with the reflector, which is about 1/4-1/2 of total length of the measured guide. If straightness is measured according to the traditional method, only a few points are sampled so that the guide straightness can not be evaluated fully or accurately. In order to solve the problem, an alterable measuring interval method is proposed for straightness measurement based on analyzing the mutual relations and effects among the tilting angle of the reflector, the length of the bridgeboard, the measuring interval and the straightness of the guide. A straightness calculation model is also developed using the method, and the errors stemming from the method proposed are introduced in brief. A precision air-bearing guide with a long air-bearing bush is measured and evaluated using the method proposed, and the actual measurement and evaluation results prove that the method is correct in theory and practical in operation. The method proposed gives an effective and flexible solution to the straightness measurement of the precision guide with long slide-carriage or air-bearing bush in application. It is an extension of the traditional optical-electronic autocollimation method for straightness measurement.

A Regional Air-Sea Coupled Model and Its Application over East Asia in the Summer of 2000

A regional air-sea coupled model, comprising the Regional Integrated Environment Model System （RIEMS） and the Princeton Ocean Model （POM） was developed to simulate summer climate features over East Asia in 2000. The sensitivity of the model＇s behavior to the coupling time interval （CTI）, the causes of the sea surface temperature （SST） biases, and the role of air-sea interaction in the simulation of precipitation over China are investigated. Results show that the coupled model can basically produce the spatial pattern of SST, precipitation, and surface air temperature （SAT） with five different CTIs respectively. Also, using a CTI of 3, 6 or 12 hours tended to produce more successful simulations than if using 1 and 24 hours. Further analysis indicates that both a higher and lower coupling frequency result in larger model biases in air-sea heat flux exchanges, which might be responsible for the sensitivity of the coupled model＇s behavior to the CTI. Sensitivity experiments indicate that SST biases between the coupled and uncoupled POM occurring over the China coastal waters were due to the mismatch of the surface heat fluxes produced by the RIEMS with those required by the POM. In the coupled run, the air-sea feedbacks reduced the biases in surface heat fluxes, compared with the uncoupled RIEMS, consequently resulted in changes in thermal contrast over land and sea and led to a precipitation increase over South China and a decrease over North China. These results agree well observations in the summer of 2000.

基于VMD-WOA混合多尺度分解的区间组合预测模型

针对传统的点预测模型难以适用于随机性复杂系统和非线性非平稳时间序列预测的问题,提出基于VMD-WOA混合多尺度分解的区间组合预测模型。首先,引入基于鲸鱼优化(WOA)的变分模态分解(VMD)混合分解算法,得到最优区间模态子序列;其次,对各区间模态分序列使用指数平滑方法(Holt′s)、支持向量回归(SVR)和BP神经网络预测,得到3个单项预测结果,运用组合预测模型得到模态组合子序列;最后,对模态组合子序列重构,得到最终的区间组合预测序列。为了验证模型的有效性,选取AQI数据进行预测分析,实验表明所提出的基于VMD-WOA的区间组合预测方法具有较高的预测精度和良好的适应性。

基于反向漏风的地铁区间隧道并联通风机运行调节优化

为明确隧道运营期间并联通风机的调节依据,依托青岛地铁八号线大洋站至青岛北站区间隧道,搭建隧道通风系统模型。通过并联试验,测定了通风机变频频率、电功消耗值及相应风量,并以功率差值占比、通风效率为依据,探究并联通风机的反向漏风规律和最佳频率匹配范围。结果表明:由于管网结构的影响,并联通风机反向漏风存在抑制临界点;为避免反向漏风,并联通风机变频调速处于额定转速的30%~50%、>50%~70%、>70%~90%时,其功率差值占比不宜大于1.6%、6.1%、17.6%;并联通风机同型号同频率运行时,通风效率不一定最优,要使并联通风机增效减耗运行,风机变频调速宜处于额定转速的70%~90%且功率差值占比≤6%。频率匹配范围的确定可为隧道运营期间并联通风机的变频调节提供参考。

地应力作用下隧道爆破周边孔参数优化研究

为探究在地应力作用下隧道爆破时周边孔最优参数,以白竹山隧道为工程背景,通过数值模拟方法研究当隧道地应力为5 MPa时的情况,将周边孔不耦合装药系数和空气间隔装药段数进行调整,确定合理的爆破参数指导现场施工。研究表明,在相同药量情况下,当不耦合系数为1.4时,粉碎区范围适中,岩体破碎充分,炮孔之间形成良好贯通;周边孔采用空气间隔装药时,孔底空气长度为0.6 m,每节药卷为0.3 m的4段间隔装药结构较为合适,能将平均超欠挖厚度控制在20 cm内,爆破效果较好。

Automatic interval management for aircraft based on dynamic fuzzy speed control considering uncertainty

A novel real-time autonomous Interval Management System(IMS)is proposed to automate interval management,which considers the effect of wind uncertainty using the Dynamic Fuzzy Velocity Decision(DFVD)algorithm.The membership function can be generated dynamically based on the True Air Speed(TAS)limitation changes in real time and the interval criterion of the adjacent aircraft,and combined with human cognition to formulate fuzzy rules for speed adjusting decision-making.Three groups of experiments were conducted during the en-route descent stage to validate the proposed IMS and DFVD performances,and to analyze the impact factors of the algorithm.The verification experimental results show that compared with actual flight status data under controllers’command,the IMS reduces the descent time by approaching 30%with favorable wind uncertainty suppression performance.Sensitivity analysis shows that the ability improvement of DFVD is mainly affected by the boundary value of the membership function.Additionally,the dynamic generation of the velocity membership function has greater advantages than the static method in terms of safety and stability.Through the analysis of influencing factors,we found that the interval criterion and aircraft category have no significant effect on the capability of IMS.In a higher initial altitude scenario,the initial interval should be appropriately increased to enhance safety and efficiency during the descent process.This prototype system could evolve into a realtime Flight-deck Interval Management(FIM)tool in the future.

露天煤矿开采中的空气间隔装药技术

为了提高爆破作业质量和效率,提升炸药的利用率,保障露天开采效益;分析了露天煤矿开采中常用的空气间隔装药技术类型、原理、应用及其优化方案,并总结出空气间隔装药技术的优点及存在的问题。研究结果表明:露天煤矿在进行空气间隔装药时,选用1.20 m的PVC管能在一定程度上限制爆破能量的传播,减少不必要的能量损失,又能保证较好的爆破效果,避免产生过多的大块岩石。

叶巴滩水电站高拱坝冬季施工技术的研究与应用

叶巴滩水电站地处青藏高原与川西北高原交接处,其地势高亢,气候寒冷且干燥,多大风且日照时间长,具有长冬无夏、短春秋的特点,属于国内外较为典型的高寒高海拔超长低温期大型水力发电工程。阐述了通过采取全天候连续施工、薄层短间歇施工、气肋膜三种施工技术,实现了大坝混凝土连续、高效、高质量的浇筑施工过程,混凝土外观检查未发现裂缝,温度指标满足设计要求。

基于IEC的防雷保护角法在屋顶光伏系统的应用

防雷保护角法作为IEC标准认可的接闪器定位三大方法之一,在国际上广泛应用于各种防雷设施上;分析保护角法的防护方法、防护范围,给出不大于2m的常用单根接闪器的保护角度,便于工程使用;指出建筑物屋顶太阳能光伏板的边框不适用于防直击雷的接闪器,并根据金属或电气装置与防雷装置间距大小,按有防雷间隔距离和防雷等电位两种措施给出保护角法对保护屋顶光伏板的具体做法;鉴于国内防雷规范不采用保护角法,提出重视和深入研究保护角法的建议。

空气灌肠整复小儿肠套叠(附288例分析)

目的 :探讨肠套叠整复中采用间歇注气法的价值及套叠时间与复位率的关系。方法 :对 2 2 0例采用间歇注气法整复与 6 8例采用一般注气法整复小儿肠套叠复位情况进行对比 ,并选择套叠时间在 2 4h以内 146例和套叠时间在 2 4h以上的 40例复位情况进行比较。结果 :采用间歇注气法整复小儿肠套叠 2 2 0例复位 2 0 6例 (93.6 % ) ,一般注气法整复小儿肠套叠 6 8例复位 5 6例 (82 .6 % ) ,套叠时间在 2 4h以内的比在 2 4h以上的复位率高 19.1%。结论 :采用间歇注气法整复肠套叠比一般注气法复位率高 ,并且肠套叠时间越短复位率越高。

基于区间支持向量回归的空战目标威胁评估

针对空战目标威胁评估问题,提出了一种新的基于区间支持向量回归的评估方法。首先对空战目标威胁评估方法中常用的距离威胁模型进行了分析,在此基础上对距离威胁模型进行了改进。然后构建了基于区间数方法的威胁评估指标权重的确定方法。最后建立了基于区间支持向量回归的空战目标威胁评估模型,并进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明,提出的方法具有较高的预测精度,能够准确、快速地完成多个空战目标的威胁评估。

基于区间数理论的空战目标威胁评估

针对空战目标威胁评估问题,提出了一种新的基于区间数理论的评估方法。在分析了现有的目标威胁评估方法中距离威胁模型存在不足的基础上,提出了改进的距离威胁模型。给出了区间数特征向量法求解威胁指标权重的计算步骤,建立了基于区间数理论的空战目标威胁评估的数学模型。最后给出了仿真算例,仿真结果表明该方法是合理和有效的。

苹果极端气象灾害气温极值的分布及重现期预测

研究气温极值的分布以预测重现期是客观评价出现在农作物关键期的极端气象灾害强度的一种方法。本研究以苹果为例,根据苹果严重气象灾害指标,利用陕西种植区代表站逐日气温数据,建立了苹果开花期严重冻害（4月最低气温〈-2℃）和果实膨大期严重高温热害（6~8月最高气温〉40℃）气温极值的分布模型及重现期预测,对北扩地区苹果树越冬期冻害频次进行了分析。结果表明：陕北、渭北局部10 a的重现期出现开花期严重冻害,在100 a的重现期中不会出现严重高温热害;关中、渭北大部分地区40~50 a的重现期出现严重冻害,30~80a的重现期出现严重高温热害;相同重现期陕北、渭北局部极端最低气温和极端最高气温均明显低于关中、渭北大部分地区;在苹果北扩基地县中,甘泉、米脂、吴起、志丹、子洲平均每年越冬期都出现低温,米脂、吴起、志丹越冬期低温频次出现较多,达2~3次/a。

固定气泡幕对许氏平鲉阻拦效果的研究

为探究固定气泡幕对许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)的阻拦效果,设定气泡幕的孔距、孔径如下:当孔径为0.5mm时,设定孔距为1.0、2.0、3.0、5.0、10.0cm,当孔距为2.0cm时,设定孔径为0.2、0.5、0.8、1.0、1.5mm,研究了这9种类型的固定气泡幕对许氏平鲉的阻拦效果,并探究了许氏平鲉对孔距2.0cm、孔径0.5mm气泡幕的适应性。研究表明:上述各规格的气泡幕对许氏平鲉均有显著的阻拦效果(t>t0.01)。在孔距实验中,孔距为1.0、2.0、3.0、5.0、10.0cm的气泡幕对许氏平鲉的平均阻拦率分别为71.43%、95.24%、92.98%、53.85%、80.14%,其中孔距2.0cm的气泡幕阻拦率最高。在孔径实验中,孔径为0.2、0.5、0.8、1.0、1.5 mm的气泡幕对许氏平鲉的平均阻拦率分别为96.03%、95.24%、82.05%、100%、98.74%,其中孔径1.0mm的气泡幕阻拦率最高。在4h的适应性实验中,许氏平鲉对孔距2.0cm、孔径0.5mm的气泡幕表现出一定的适应性(F>F_(0.05))。本研究结果可为我国海洋牧场中许氏平鲉鱼群控制技术提供参考。

基于机型的机场流量优化方法

研究了空中交通流量管理中机场终端区的流量最优分配问题。综合飞机机型、飞行间隔等因素,提出了一种基于飞机类型等因素的机场流量分配的模型。利用该模型可以实现对终端区某一时段现有容量的优化分配,减少航班延误;同时又能够确定满足此分配方案的飞机类型的起降次序。最后以单跑道机场为例,对模型进行了验证,证明该模型的实用性。

生物陶粒滤池预处理富营养化水库水源的净化效果与工艺参数

针对受污染的水库水源水进行中试规模的生物陶粒滤池预处理实验研究。结果表明 :生物陶粒滤池能有效地净化受污染水源水水质 ,对CODMn、NH3 N、NO-2 N、浊度、藻类总数、锰、THMFP等的平均去除率范围分别为 19 3%～ 35 %、89%～ 96 5 %、97 5 %～ 99%、5 7 5 %～ 69%、60 1%～84 3%、5 9%～ 84 6%、10 4 %～ 2 4 8%。其适宜的工艺参数为 :水力负荷 (滤速 ) 4～ 6m h ,气水比0 75∶1～ 1∶1;反冲洗周期 3～ 7d。

空气污染健康损失中统计生命价值评估研究

采用权变评价法(CVM)评估了我国空气污染健康损失中的统计生命价值,并分析了其影响因素.结果表明,我国空气污染健康损失中的统计生命价值约为100万元/a.区间值线性回归模型分析显示,年龄、受教育程度、人均年收入、健康和家庭规模等因素对统计生命价值均有显著影响,但是城市的不同对统计生命价值并没有显著影响.

某露天采场深孔台阶爆破空气间隔装药的应用

为了改善某露天采场爆破作业中存在的振动大、大块率高等问题,采用中部空气间隔装药法代替连续装药法并对空气间隔比例进行对比研究。基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件构建装药不变条件下空气间隔比例分别为10%、12.5%、15%、17.5%和20%的中部空气间隔方案计算模型进行模拟分析:装药量不变条件下空气层比例为17.5%时,炮孔中、底部有效应力分布均匀,没有出现应力过度集中现象,效果最佳。经过现场试验后证明:采用空气层比例17.5%的中部空气间隔装药爆破后,大块率下降了27.26%、振动降低5%~12%,有效降节约了经济成本。