Apatite fission track thermochronology in the Kuluketage and Aksu areas,NW China:Implication for tectonic evolution of the northern Tarim

Tarim Precambrian bedrocks are well exposed in the Kuluketage and Aksu areas, where twenty four samples were taken to reveal the denudation history of the northern Tarim Craton. Apatite fission track dating and thermal history modeling suggest that the northern Tarim experienced multi-stage cooling events which were assumed to be associated with the distant effects of the Cimmerian orogeny and India-Eurasia collision in the past. But the first episode of exhumation in the northern Tarim, occurring in the mid-Permian to Triassic, is here suggested to be induced by docking of the Tarim Craton and final amalgamation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The cooling event at ca. 170 Ma may be triggered by the Qiangtang-Eurasia collision. Widespread Cretaceous exhumation could be linked with docking of the Lhasa terrane in the late Jurassic. Cenozoic reheating and recooling likely occurred because of the northpropagating stress, however, this has not affected the northern Tarim much because the Tarim is characterized by rigid block-like motion.

Processes and trends of the land use change in Aksu watershed in the central Asia from 1960 to 2008

Land use change (LUC) in trans-boundary watersheds is of great importance to environmental assessment. The Aksu River is the largest trans-boundary river crossing Kyrgyzstan and China,but there was little information on the LUC of the watershed. We quantitatively investigated the processes and trends of its LUC by using analytic models based on the land use data derived from the remote sensing images and topographic maps. The LUC was in the quasi-balanced status with a slight difference between the loss and the gain of the area for most land use types during the period of 1960-1990,whereas transferred to the unbalanced status with significant difference between the loss and gain of the area during the period of 1990-2008. At the same time,land conversion direction changed from two-way transition to one-way transition for the most land use types. The integrated rate of net change of land use during the period of 1990-2008 is 2.1 times of that during the period of 1960-1990. Information on the processes and trends of LUC is valuable for better understanding the environmental changes across the whole trans-boundary watershed,and helpful to decision-making management for Kyrgyzstan and China.

Association of North Atlantic Oscillations with Aksu River runoff in China

The relationship between North Atlantic Oscillations （NAO） and Aksu River Runoff （ARR） was investigated by using the wavelet transform （WT）, cross wavelet transform （CWT）, correlation and linear trend analyses, and abrupt change test. The main results are as follows the interannual/decadal variation and period analyses of ARR and NAO reveal that the both were close correlated each other; the CWT indicates that the correlation was good between ARR and NAO at all periods in the 1990s, because the significant correlation areas mainly concentrated in the 1990s; the variations in the trend strength of ARR and NAO were consistent; the abrupt change of NAO was also temporally consistent with that of ARR, which exerted impact on the Aksu River Basin （ARB） climate and then the ARR through atmospheric circulation variation.

Application of hydrological models in a snowmelt region of Aksu River Basin

This study simulated and predicted the runoff of the Aksu River Basin, a typical river basin supplied by snowmelt in an arid mountain region, with a limited data set and few hydrological and meteorological stations. Two hydrological models, the snowmelt-runoff model （SRM） and the Danish NedbФr-AfstrФmnings rainfall-runoff model （NAM）, were used to simulate daily discharge processes in the Aksu River Basin. This study used the snow-covered area from MODIS remote sensing data as the SRM input. With the help of ArcGIS software, this study successfully derived the digital drainage network and elevation zones of the basin from digital elevation data. The simulation results showed that the SRM based on MODIS data was more accurate than NAM. This demonstrates that the application of remote sensing data to hydrological snowmelt models is a feasible and effective approach to runoff simulation and prediction in arid unguaged basins where snowmelt is a major runoff factor.

Research on Design and Management of Community-Based Ecotourism Model in Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve of Kazakhstan

This study investigates the community-based ecotourism (CBE) model using a sample of the Aksu-Zhabagly nature reserve (NR). The aim is to propose a suitable CBE model for Aksu-Zhabgly nature-based tourism destinations by employing a combination of field observation, examination, evaluation, and SWOT analysis. The study determines the strategic suggestions for CBE model designing by the results of SWOT analysis. It concludes that convenient transportation and superior location, diversified wild animals and plants, rich in ethnocultural resources, traditional and tranquil life in a typical rural setting, hospitality and positive attitude of locals to tourism and great potential of the region for sustainable development of ecotourism are the strengths. At the same time, the far residential location from the provincial cities, low-quality service, outdated facilities and shortage of skilled employees in tourism management are the main weakness. Another group of constraints to tourism development is lack of tourism marketing and promotion agencies, lack of transparency, poor institution arrangement and corruption, and lack of preferential policies for CBE development. Finally, the paper recommends that economic development, environmental protection, culture and heritage, marketing and image, favorable political environment, and local residents’ empowerment are the main essential to effectively implement the sustainable development of CBE in the Aksu-Zhabagly tourist destination.

Environmental Monitoring in Northern Aksu, China Based on Remote Sensing Ecological Index Model

In order to understand the development status of ecological environment quality in the Aksu region of China, to effectively adjust the ecological environment quality, so as to promote the sustainable development of its social economy and ecological environment protection. This paper selects the Landsat series remote sensing images of the northern Aksu region in 2013, 2016, and 2019, and uses the tools such as ENVI5.3 and ArcGIS 10.8.1 to process the image data accordingly. The principal component analysis method is used to calculate the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) of the northern Aksu region. The data show that: 1) The ecological environment quality index in the northern Aksu region in 2013, 2016, and 2019 was 0.706087, 0.25243 and 0.362991 respectively;2) The areas where the ecological environment quality declined significantly in the northern Aksu region were the human settlements and the Gobi, fan-shaped land and other special terrain areas;3) The humidity index and the heat index are the two factors that have the greatest impact on the ecological environment quality in the northern Aksu area. The data as a whole show that the ecological environment in the northern part of the Aksu region has deteriorated seriously, and the severely deteriorated area is close to the human living area.

MODIS observed snow cover variations in the Aksu River Basin, Northwest China

A major proportion of discharge in the Aksu River is contributed from snow-and glacier-melt water.It is therefore essential to understand the cryospheric dynamics in this area for water resource management.The MODIS MOD10A2 remotesensing database from March 2000 to December 2012 was selected to analyze snow cover changes.Snow cover varied significantly on a temporal and spatial scale for the basin.The difference of the maximum and minimum Snow Cover Fraction(SCF)in winter exceeded 70%.On average for annual cycle,the characteristic of SCF is that it reached the highest value of 53.2%in January and lowest value of 14.7%in July and the distributions of SCF along with elevation is an obvious difference between the range of 3,000 m below and 3,000 m above.The fluctuation of annual average snow cover is strong which shows that the spring snow cover was on the trend of increasing because of decreasing temperatures for the period of 2000-2012.However,temperature in April increased significantly which lead to more snowmelt and a decrease of snow cover.Thus,more attention is needed for flooding in this region due to strong melting of snow.

Hydrological processes in the Aksu River source region during the intense ablation period based on water chemistry and isotopes

Against the backdrop of global warming,the dynamics of glaciers and their water resources have significant implications for hydrological processes in the arid regions of Northwest China.The Aksu River,which is an essential inland river enriched by substantial meltwater contributions,plays a pivotal role in the economic,ecological,and social development of the region.Based on 231 water samples collected during the period of intense glacial ablation in 2023,this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the hydrochemical and stable isotopic characteristics of the Little Kurgan glacial basin in the Aksu River source region.A Piper diagram classified the hydrochemical type of the river water as Calcium-Bicarbonate.Analysis based on a Gibbs diagram indicated that rock weathering is the predominant factor affecting the hydrochemical properties within the studied basin.Through application of principal component analysis and end-member mixing analysis,it was determined that the glacier meltwater contribution to runoff was 67%,61%,and 55%in July,August,and September,respectively.The findings of this study reveal that glacier meltwater is the principal component of the river water,and highlight the critical impact of alterations in glacier ablation on the hydrological cycle within the Aksu River source region,which is vitally important for sustainable water resource management.

Glacier changes from 1975 to 2016 in the Aksu River Basin, Central Tianshan Mountains

In this study, we analyzed glacier changes in the Aksu River Basin during the period 1975–2016, based on Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI imagery analysis and the Chinese Glacier Inventory(CGI). The results showed that the total number, area, and volume of the studied glaciers in the Aksu River Basin decreased by 202(7.65%), 965.7 km^2(25.88%), and 74.85–78.52 km^3(23.72%–24.3%), respectively. The rate of glacier retreat in the basin was slower in the north, northwest and west, but reached the highest in the east(measuring 0.86% yr^(-1)). Furthermore, there were significant regional differences in the distribution and change of glaciers, the Kumalak River Basin had the largest glacier number and area, about 63.15% and 76.47% of the studied basin, and the rate of glacier retreat in the Kumalak River Basin was 0.65% yr^(-1), it was higher than the Toxkan River Basin which reached 0.57% yr^(-1). We found the shrinkage rate of glacier for different periods in the past 41 years, during 1975–1990 the glaciers showed the greatest retreat, while the rate of glacier area retreat slowed down significantly from 1990 to 2000. In recent 16 years since 2000, the rate of glacier retreat in the Toxkan River Basin was higher compared with 1990–2000. The RGI50^(-1)3.04920 glacier of Kumalak River Basin had been in a state of retreat since 1990. Over the past 41 years, the temperature and precipitation in the Aksu River Basin increased obviously, and the warming temperatures were clearly the main reason for glacier retreat in the region, while the increased precipitation in the mountain area may have a direct relation with the retreating rate of glaciers.

Assessing the impact of climate change on potential evapotranspiration in Aksu River Basin

Evapotranspiration is one of the key components of hydrological processes. Assessing the impact of climate factors on evapotranspiration is helpful in understanding the impact of climate change on hydrological processes. In this paper, based on the daily meteorological data from 1960 to 2007 within and around the Aksu River Basin, reference evapotranspiration （RET） was estimated with the FAO Penman-Monteith method. The temporal and spatial variations of RET were analyzed by using ARCGIS and Mann-Kendall method. Multiple Regression Analysis was employed to attribute the effects of the variations of air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, vapour pressure and wind speed on RET. The results showed that average annual RET in the eastern plain area of the Aksu River Basin was about 1100 mm, which was nearly twice as much as that in the western mountainous area. The trend of annual RET had significant spatial variability. Annual RET was reduced significantly in the southeastern oasis area and southwestern plain area and increased slightly in the mountain areas. The amplitude of the change of RET reached the highest in summer, contributing most of the annual change of RET. Except in some high elevation areas where relative humidity predominated the change of the RET, the variations of wind velocity predominated the changes of RET almost throughout the basin. Taking Kuqa and Ulugqat stations as an example, the variations of wind velocity accounted for more than 50% of the changes of RET.

Discovery of deerite from the Aksu Precambrian blueschist terrane and its geological significance

Deerite [Fe 12 2+ Fe 6 3+ Si12O40 (OH)10] was first discovered in the metamorphic magnetite-bearing quartzites which are interlayered with blueschists in Aksu Precambrian blueschist terrane. The deerite-bearing mineral association includes (1) deerite + riebeckite + stilpnomelane + ilvaite + magnetite + quartz and (2) deerite + stilpnomelane + magnetite +quartz based on the investigation under microscope. The study of mineral chemistry shows that the deerites from Aksu Precambrian blueschist are Mn-poor deerite similar to that from Alps. But the deerite from Aksu is the nearest to the end member of deerite. According to the equilibrium P-T region of deerite determined by Lattard and Breton (1994), the deerites in metamorphic magnetite-bearing quartzites from Aksu Precambrian blueschists were formed under the conditions of pressure lower than 1.0 Gpa, temperature ranging from 300 to 400°C and about the l0°C/km geothermal gradient.The deerite in metamorphic magnetite-bearing quartzites from Aksu blueschists is the only one Precambrian deerite reported now. This suggests that the earth began to cool, and the modern cooling subduction regime between plates started at Late Proterozoic. The Late Proterozoic may be the important period during the evolution of the earth.

Estimation of the shortening rate since late Pleistocene in the Aksu area on the southern flank of the Tianshan,China

This research focused on the Aksu area in the central part of the southern Tianshan. Along the 60 km wide Aksu fold-and-thrust belt, active thrusts reach the surface and offset the youngest sediments. Our research was based on the geomorphologic study that examined the advance and retreat of glaciers cut by thrusts in the Tomur area in the north of Aksu. Our fieldwork revealed that two fault scarps were clearest across three different moraines that represent the maximum of advance of glaciers during three glacial periods along the Tailan River in the Tomur area. The measured heights of the fault scarps that cut the moraines, together with the moraines-inferred age, imply a shortening rate of 1.85 mm/a on the Aksu area since late Pleistocene. This rate, similar to that of the Korla area on its east side and of the Kaping area on its west side, but lower than that of the Kashgar area farther west and of the Manas area in the northern margin of the belt, implies that the distribution of shortening across the Tianshan changed markedly along the mountain.

2000—2020年阿克苏河流域植被动态变化及驱动机制

[目的]探究阿克苏河流域植被动态特征及其与潜在影响因子的响应关系,为干旱区生态环境保护和治理提供理论依据。[方法]基于MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)、气候、地形、土壤类型及土地利用等数据,利用趋势分析和地理探测器方法对2000—2020年阿克苏河流域植被动态及驱动机制进行分析。[结果]①2000—2020年阿克苏河流域NDVI呈显著增加趋势,增速为0.0032/a,且人类活动区增速显著大于非人类活动区。②潜在因子对NDVI变化的解释力存在时间和空间差异;土地利用转化是人类活动区NDVI变化重要驱动因子,海拔、土壤类型、距冰川积雪距离、距水体距离是非人类活动区NDVI变化重要驱动因子。因子间交互作用可以提高对NDVI变化的解释力,在人类活动区土地利用转化与土壤类型的相互作用对NDVI变化的解释力最强;背景因子、距补给水源的距离与其他因子的交互是非人类活动区NDVI变化的重要因子组合。③2000—2020年阿克苏河流域超过10%的面积发生土地利用转化,主要表现为裸地和草地的相互转化,耕地、林地、灌木地、人造地表面积显著增加。[结论]阿克苏河流域人类活动区和非人类活动区NDVI变化时空特征及驱动机制存在差异,应因地制宜,合理管理,促使该流域生态环境良性发展。

“双电”法检测技术在新疆洼地水库超大面积土工膜渗漏检测的应用

土工膜防渗检测是防止库区渗漏的关键技术步骤,也是大型水库面临的重要工程问题。通过介绍电火花法和双电极法土工膜渗漏检测方法的工作原理、应用范围、操作步骤等,依托新疆阿克苏地区洼地水库工程,对超大面积水库库底及边坡进行实际应用检测,结果表明“双电”法检测精度准确、效率高,可精确发现水库土工膜铺设施工中的缺陷,减少水库运行期渗漏水量,消除了渗漏带给水库的安全隐患,为土工膜渗漏检测提供了技术支撑,为类似工程提供了借鉴。

地域文化融入高职院校课程思政的教学实践探讨——以阿克苏职业技术学院护理礼仪课程为例

做好课程思政是高校专业课老师面临的重要课题。文章以阿克苏职业技术学院护理礼仪课程为例,探讨课程思政教学的新路径、新方法。教学实施过程中,把以“柯柯牙精神”为主的阿克苏地域文化元素融入教学目标、课程内容、课程资源和教学模式中,以调查问卷方式调查学习效果,并梳理项目实施的积极意义和存在的问题。结果显示:实验组学生对本地文化思政内容更为关注,表现为本地就业意向、本地经济文化熟知度和教学模式满意度等方面有显著提高,但学生对当地的时事新闻、经济和文化关注度相对较低。具有地域特色的思政元素融入课程教学是高校课程思政建设的一条有效途径,对提高学生对当地经济文化认知度和促进在当地就业具有积极的意义。

阿克苏地区天然林保护工程区植被覆盖度变化及驱动因子研究

本文以阿克苏地区天然林保护工程区为研究区域,基于MODIS卫星影像资料,首先利用像元二分法模型制作了研究区2000—2020年生长季(5—9月)植被覆盖度产品,然后分析了长时序植被覆盖度时间变化规律和空间分布特征,最后利用地理探测器模型分析植被覆盖度变化驱动机制。结果显示,2000—2020年阿克苏天保区植被覆盖度以0.23%/a的速度呈显著上升趋势,植被覆盖度显著增加面积占比达50.4%。在众多影响因子中,土地利用是影响研究区植被覆盖的主要影响因子,解释力达0.59;人口密度、蒸散发及GDP对植被的解释力是次要影响因子,分别为0.360、0.357、0.308。本文有助于更好地理解人类活动和自然因素对植被生态质量变化的影响及其相互作用机制。

治广以狭与人地相宜:晚清南疆二道政区变迁及基层职官的选任

清代收复新疆后,南疆地区的喀什噶尔道和阿克苏道于光绪八年建置,是新疆建省的重要准备,也是清朝国家政治制度在边疆地区不断深化的具体表现。其后以“量地置邑”及“治广以狭”为基本理念进行的政区增置和调整,则是政区设置对边防危机与治理困境的反应,突出表现了政区设置对巩固边防、完善基层治理的作用,并奠定了现今南疆地区行政区划的基本格局。在政区设置的同时进行政区分等,与之相对应的还有一套较为成熟的职官选任体系。为最大限度地使地方社会治理“人地相宜”,作为新设政区,南疆二道虽有明确的缺分等第,却并未照章办理。政区分等与职官选拔基本背离,成为光绪三十四年五月全国州县“停部选”的先声。

塔里木盆地西北部震旦系—寒武系不整合面成因——来自沉积学的证据

【目的】塔里木盆地西北部阿克苏地区广泛发育震旦系—寒武系平行不整合面,目前对其形成机制还存在争议。【方法】以沉积学方法为手段,基于上震旦统奇格布拉克组顶部的沉积相及其岩溶现象,通过详细的野外观察和镜下鉴定,对上述不整合面的成因开展研究。【结果】阿克苏地区奇格布拉克组顶部主要发育于台地边缘和斜坡环境。台地边缘包括颗粒滩和台缘礁,岩相为厚层—块状鲕粒白云岩、中—厚层状砂屑白云岩以及块状叠层石礁白云岩。斜坡环境包括的岩相有滑塌角砾白云岩、浊积岩以及薄层状粒泥白云岩。震旦纪晚期,阿克苏地区东部的沉积水体更深,岩溶发育程度也明显强于西部,垂向上以潜流带为主。此外,寒武纪早期沉积的玉尔吐斯组保持了与奇格布拉克组顶部相一致的沉积趋势,两者自西向东均表现为水体加深的地层序列。【结论】该不整合面由震旦纪末期台缘构造活动诱导的掀斜运动形成,导致阿克苏西部发生抬升,并形成了向东流动的大气淡水水文系统,使得东部台缘带岩溶作用强烈。该研究可为该区域震旦系白云岩储层的油气勘探提供参考。

新疆阿克苏地区春油菜品种鉴选及综合评价

针对新疆油菜目前存在品种混杂退化、单产偏低、含油量偏低、品质低、高产品种缺乏等问题,以67个高产高抗的春油菜品种为供试材料,以一级分枝数、二级分枝数、有效分枝总数、株高、主序角果数、主序长度、每角粒数、单株角果数、千粒重、产量及倒伏率等指标为鉴选依据,采用加权隶属函数、主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析进行综合评价,以期建立新疆油菜综合评价指标体系,筛选出适宜新疆栽培的高产油菜品种。结果表明:参试品种的产量范围为1857~5314.5 kg·hm^(-2),变异系数为0.151。油菜有效分枝总数、株高、茎粗、主序角果数、每角粒数、单株角果数、产量和倒伏率可以作为衡量春油菜综合评分的主要性状,其中有效分枝总数和每角粒数与综合评价(D值)相关系数最高,分别达到0.82和0.81(P<0.01)。通过逐步回归分析构建回归方程发现,各品种估计精度高于90%,表明构建的回归方程中14个农艺参数对油菜高产性具有较明显影响,该方程也可用于油菜高产评价。根据各品种的综合表现,鉴选出‘青杂12号’和‘陇油19号’为适宜在新疆阿克苏地区种植的春油菜品种。

40年来新疆阿克苏河流域地下水流场演化及成因模式

西北干旱内陆河流域经历了水土资源的大规模开发,对区域地下水和生态环境产生重要影响,但地下水长期演化机制认识尚不够清晰。本研究以新疆阿克苏河流域为典型区,通过最新地下水位数据和历史数据对比,分析流域地下水流场和埋深时空变化历史过程、特征及成因模式,探讨该区地下水长期演化与土地利用变化之间的关系,揭示人类活动影响下的地下水演化机制。结果表明:1979年以来,随着耕地面积增加,区域地下水流场经历了近天然状态到人类活动强烈影响的历史过程,潜水位和承压水头均有不同程度下降,局部地区承压水流向以及与潜水的补排关系发生改变。承压水主要依靠侧向径流补给,但人工开采强度远远大于侧向补给量,导致承压水头明显下降。以研究区中部英艾日克乡-喀拉塔勒镇一线为界,北部地区潜水水位和承压水水头降幅均大于南部地区,原因在于土地利用变化造成地下水补排条件发生改变,北部地区潜水水质较好,被大量开采用于农业灌溉,而南部因地下水质较差,以引用地表水灌溉为主,地下水开采强度较低,因此南部地下水下降不如北部地区明显。研究成果可为新疆阿克苏河流域及类似地区地下水的可持续开发利用与生态保护提供科学依据。