Synthesis of a novel Al foam with a periodic architecture by introducing hollow Al tubes and Al/Mg powders

In this work,we synthesized a brand-new Al foam with a periodic structure via a simple powder metallurgical route.The periodic architecture consists of both hierarchical porous and bi-directional composition-graded structures.The results show that the hierarchical porous material includes large pores on millimeter scale inheriting from the hollow structure of the Al tubes,and small pores on mi-crometer scale produced by the sintering of Al/Mg powders.The bi-directional Mg concentration-graded structure is formed in the tube walls due to the condensation of Mg vapor in the inner tube wall.The addition of Mg powders achieves excellent metallurgical bonding between the Al powders and the hollow tubes at 550℃.The plateau stress and energy absorption capacity of the Al foam in y-axis compression are significantly higher than that in the x-axis due to their anisotropic structure.In general,the Al foam with Mg addition presents the most superior compression performance,and we believe that our find-ings could open up a unique strategy for developing high-performance metallic foams with the periodic architecture involving both hierarchical porous and bi-directional graded structure.

超声施振方式对消失模铸造Al/Mg双金属复合材料界面组织和力学性能的影响

研究了连续超声振动和间歇超声振动两种施振方式对消失模铸造Al/Mg双金属材料界面组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,未施加超声振动Al/Mg双金属界面由Al-Mg金属间化合物区和共晶组织区组成,两个区域边界存在一层氧化膜,阻碍了元素扩散,Mg_(2)Si相呈网状,团聚分布于金属间化合物区。两种超声施振方式均能通过超声空化效应和声流效应破碎和消除氧化膜,并使Mg_(2)Si相细化和分散于整个界面,部分共晶组织转变为金属间化合物,提高了界面组织和显微硬度分布均匀性。连续超声振动作用下Al/Mg双金属界面剪切强度达到53.9 MPa,相比未超声处理提升63.8%。间歇超声振动作用下,界面厚度较连续超声振动减小,然而局部区域存在孔洞缺陷和Mg_(2)Si相局部聚集,削弱了对界面的强化效果,但界面剪切强度仍达到49.5 MPa。

Ca-Mg-Al-Si系高性能泡沫陶瓷的制备

通过对钢渣和菱镁矿配方组成的优化,采用高温发泡法制备的兼具高强度和低热导率的Ca-Mg-Al-Si系高性能泡沫陶瓷,其主要原料为红柱石与粉砂质页岩,发泡剂为碳化硅,助熔剂为锂辉石。在测试其气孔率,体积密度与抗折强度等性能的同时,也使用Micro-CT、SEM、XRD、XRF等检测手段对泡沫陶瓷进行了表征。实验结果显示:当样品中加入11 wt%钢渣,7 wt%菱镁矿时综合性能最佳,此时抗折强度为11.15 MPa,热导率为0.091W/(m·K),总气孔率为61.02%,闭口气孔率为55.30%,体积密度为0.944 g/cm^(3)。

Fabrication of Open-cell Al Foam Core Sandwich by Vibration Aided Liquid Phase Bonding Method and Its Mechanical Properties

The open-cell Al foam core sandwiches（AFCSs） were successfully fabricated by using a specially designed Zn-Al-Cu based filler alloy via vibration aided liquid phase bonding method.The effects of the vibration on the bonding seam were investigated and the bonding strength between Al foam core and solid Al alloy face sheet was tested by shearing tests.The results show that vibration can significantly improve the quality of the bonding and the shearing strength of the bonding seam,which implies that this joining method has a good potential in practical applications.

Compressive behavior of Zn-22Al closed-cell foams under uniaxial quasi-static loading

Zn-22 Al alloy closed-cell foams were fabricated by melt foaming process using hydride foaming agent. The compressive properties were investigated under quasi-static condition. The structure of the foamed material was analyzed during compression test to reveal the relationship between morphology and compressive behavior. The results show that the stress-strain behavior is typical of closed-cell metal foams and mostly of brittle type. Governing deformation mechanism at plateau stage is identified to be brittle crushing. A substantial increase in compressive strength of Zn-22 Al foams was obtained. The agreement between compressive properties and Gibson-Ashby model was also detected.

Synthesis and Compression Property of Oxidation-Resistant Ni-Al Foams

Three different Ni-Al foams were synthesized by vapor aluminizing with control of aluminizing time. Oxidation tests under 1100 ℃ and compression tests were conducted to evaluate the oxidation resistance and compression properties of the foams. X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）tests were carried out to study the phase composition and microstructure of Ni-Al foams before and after oxidation. Results showed that vapor aluminizing process did not change the foam macro-and microstructure, and the phase composition became from β/γ＇-phase to single β-phase as the aluminizing time extending. The Ni-Al foams possessed excellent oxidation resistance, and decreased A1 content increased oxidation weight gain and altered oxidation products. Foams containing single β-phase presented obvious brittleness under compression tests, but the foam with β/γ＇-phase exhibited elasticity and toughness to a certain extent. The elasticity and toughness of the foams significantly can be improved after oxidation because of the phase changing in matrix during oxidation, and the pre-oxidized high-Al-content Ni-Al foams exhibited good compression properties, as well as excellent oxidation resistance.

整装式铝泡沫负载Pd催化剂Pd/AlOOH/Al-foam及其催化甲烷燃烧性能

以三维网络结构的铝泡沫板作为骨架基体和铝源,利用水热氧化法制备整装式拟薄水铝石(AlOOH/Al-foam)纳米阵列,随后通过丙酮辅助-初湿浸渍法,制备出整装式铝泡沫负载Pd催化剂Pd/AlOOH/Al-foam,用于低浓度甲烷催化燃烧反应。在制备条件优化过程中,发现催化剂性能受到纳米阵列的形貌特征、物相组成以及焙烧温度等因素的影响。其中,表面富含羟基的拟薄水铝石可促进Pd颗粒的均匀分散,也增强载体和Pd之间的相互作用,进而提高甲烷燃烧的低温活性。稳定性测试初期活性下降较快,主要原因是表层Al_(2)O_(3)纳米阵列载体和Pd纳米颗粒自身的不稳定性导致的Pd颗粒烧结。

泡沫Ni/In-48Sn复合焊料钎焊Al合金接头显微结构及力学性能研究

In-48Sn共晶焊料具有熔点低、延展性高、润湿性好等优点,在微波、通信等功能组件的钎焊连接中具有广泛应用。然而,In-48Sn共晶焊料力学性能较差,已难满足新一代功能组件的载荷要求。采用微合金化及微纳米颗粒、纤维强化等方法可在一定程度上提高焊料的强度,但钎焊接头的强度提升效果有限。基于此,本工作采用真空浸渗工艺制备了泡沫Ni强化In-48Sn复合焊料,并采用该复合焊料对表面含Ag镀层的Al合金进行了低温钎焊连接,重点研究了泡沫Ni孔隙率和钎焊时间对接头显微结构及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,Al合金表面形成了Ag2In金属间化合物(IMC)层,其随钎焊时间延长不断增厚,且在无Ni骨架阻挡时易向焊缝中生长形成块状结构。In-48Sn焊料与泡沫Ni骨架反应形成了(Ni,Cu)_(3)-(In,Sn)_(7)相,延长钎焊时间、减小泡沫Ni孔隙度均会促进该反应相的形成并加快In基焊料的消耗,最终焊缝完全由Ni骨架和IMCs组成,而钎焊接头的剪切强度也相应增加。采用50%Ni-In48Sn复合焊料钎焊120 min时接头剪切强度达到了34.34 MPa,相比In-48Sn共晶焊料钎焊接头提升了335.2%。

Spherical foam growth in Al alloy melt

Due to the demand of high-tech Al alloy foam with spherical pores, high strength and high energy-absorption capacity has become one of the research foci. The aim of this study is to ascertain the growth regularity of spherical foam in Al alloy melt. Three-dimensional packing model such as face-centered cubic is established to study the spherical foam growth. Theoretical results are compared with experimental ones, and the face-centered cubic model corresponds well with the experiment. It is reasonable to assume that the pores have the same radius, the total pore number keeps unchanged and spherical foam grows with face-centered cubic packing mode. This study presents a useful help to control the average pore radius and film thickness.

Tensile property of Al-Si closed-cell aluminum foam

Al-Si closed-cell aluminum foams of different densities were prepared by molten body transitional foaming process.The tensile behavior of Al-Si closed-cell aluminum foam was studied and the influence of relative densities on the tensile strength and elastic modulus was also researched.The results show that the fracture surfaces of Al-Si closed-cell aluminum foam display quasi-cleavage fracture consisting of brittle cleavages and ductile dimples.The tensile strength and elastic modulus are strictly affected by the relative density of Al-Si closed-cell aluminum foam.With increasing relative density,the tensile strength increases and the strain at which the peak strength is measured also increases;in addition,the elastic modulus increases with increasing relative density.

A novel technique for making open-cell Al_2O_3-ZrO_2 ceramic foam with plant seed template

The aim of the present research is to provide a technique for preparing open-cell Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramic foams with uniform cell size.This technique used plant seeds to array templates and centrifugal slip casting to obtain cell struts with high packing density.Aqueous Al2O3-ZrO2 slurries with up to 50 vol.% solid contents were prepared and the rheological characteristic of the slurries was investigated.Consolidation was performed at an acceleration of 2,860 g for 60 min.The effect of the characteristic of plant seeds on the drying behavior of Al2O3-ZrO2 green compact was analyzed.The effects of the solid contents of slurries on segregation phenomena of Al2O3 and ZrO2 particles and green compact uniformity were investigated.The compressive stress-strain curve and deformation behavior of Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramic foams prepared using plant seed template were analyzed.The results showed segregation phenomenon is negligible for highly stable slurry with 50 vol.% solid loading.The prepared cell struts of Al2O3-ZrO2 foams have high green density (61.9% TD), sintered density (99.1% TD) and homogeneous microstructure.When sintered at 1,550 ℃ for 2 h, the cell size of Al2O3-ZrO2 foam is approximately uniform and the diameter is about 1.1 mm.The porosity and compressive strength of sintered products is 66.2% and 5.86 MPa, respectively.

Sound insulation property of Al-Si closed-cell aluminum foam bare board material

Al-Si closed-cell aluminum foam bare boards of 1 240 mm×1 100 mm with different densities and thicknesses wereprepared by molten body transitional foaming process.The sound reduction index(R)of Al-Si closed-cell aluminum foam bareboards was investigated experimentally under different frequencies(100-4 000 Hz).It is found that sound reduction index(R)issmall under low frequencies,large under high frequencies and is controlled by different mechanisms.The sound insulation propertybasically conforms with the monolayer board sound insulation theory.The sound reduction index(R)increases with the even growthof thickness and density,but its rising trend is tempered.The single number sound reduction indexes(RW)of specimen with thicknessof 20 cm and density of 0.51 g/cm3are 30.8 dB and 33 dB respectively,which demonstrates good sound insulation property forlightmass materials.

Predicting model on ultimate compressive strength of Al_2O_3-ZrO_2 ceramic foam filter based on BP neural network

In present study, BP neural network model was proposed for the prediction of ultimate compressive strength of Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramic foam filter prepared by centrifugal slip casting. The inputs of the BP neural network model were the applied load on the epispastic polystyrene template （F）, centrifugal acceleration （v） and sintering temperature （T）, while the only output was the ultimate compressive strength （（7）. According to the registered BP model, the effects of F, v, T on 0 were analyzed. The predicted results agree with the actual data within reasonable experimental error, indicating that the BP model is practically a very useful tool in property prediction and process parameter design of the Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramic foam filter prepared by centrifugal slip casting.

闭孔泡沫Al-Cu填充铝合金薄壁管的低速冲击性能

目的研究闭孔泡沫Al-Cu填充铝合金薄壁管在低速冲击载荷下的力学及吸能性能,探究泡沫Al-Cu与铝合金薄壁管之间的交互作用。方法采用粉末冶金发泡法制备闭孔泡沫Al-Cu,并将其直接填充到铝合金薄壁管中,获得闭孔泡沫Al-Cu填充薄壁管(简称“填充管”)。采用万能电子试验机和冲击试验机对试样进行力学及吸能性能测试,采用VIC-3D系统和高速摄像机观察试样的宏观变形行为,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析试样的微观断口形貌。结果在不同冲击能量下,泡沫Al-Cu具有较稳定的吸能特性。在相同位移下,较大冲击能量下的填充管能够吸收更多能量。与薄壁管相比,受冲击后填充管的形变较小且其冲击曲线更加平稳,表明泡沫Al-Cu芯材的填入能够增强变形稳定性及整体吸能能力。与泡沫Al-Cu相比,填充管受应变率影响较小,可在较宽应变率范围内稳定吸能,较高应变率下的冲击会导致泡孔发生脆性断裂。结论填充泡沫Al-Cu芯材能够提高薄壁管受冲击载荷时的变形稳定性,两者之间的相互作用使填充管结构具有更好的吸能性能。

Comparative Study of the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Foamed Concrete with Local Materials

Living in a habitat with comfort is requested by all. Cinder block bricks have poor thermal properties, leading people to use fan heaters and air conditioners to regain comfort. To overcome this problem of thermal discomfort in buildings, we used lightweight concrete such as foamed concrete which is a material that has improved thermal properties for thermal comfort. In addition, this material was compared with local materials used for the construction of buildings such as BTC, adobe and BLT mixed with binders. The results showed that foamed concrete is a material that has good thermal and mechanical properties compared to local materials mixed with binders. The foamed concrete having acceptable thermo-mechanical properties was that having a density of 930 kg/m3. It has a thermal resistance of 0.4 m2·K/W for a thickness of 20 cm. The foamed concrete having acceptable thermo-mechanical properties was that having a density of 930 kg/m3. It has a thermal resistance of 0.4 m2·K/W for a thickness of 20 cm. For sunshine on a daily cycle equal to 12 hours, the characteristic thickness achieved by this material is 7.29 cm. It also has a shallow depth of heat diffusion having a lower thickness than other materials. This shows that foamed concrete is a promising material for the construction of buildings.

Zn-Al-Cu基合金无钎剂钎焊泡沫铝的界面结构及力学性能

以Zn-Al-Cu基合金为钎料,对74.7%—91.6%不同孔隙率的泡沫铝采用无钎剂钎焊方法进行连接实验。采用OM和SEM观察钎缝组织及界面结构,EDS测定界面元素分布,XRD分析界面物相,通过热力学分析验证钎料中Cu和Zn与母材中Al元素的相互作用和除膜机理,对钎焊接头试样进行拉伸和剪切性能实验,分析孔隙率与接头试样强度之间的关系。结果表明,该无钎剂钎焊方法在泡沫铝端面之间形成密实结构的连续钎料层,未改变母材结构特征;钎缝组织由Al(Zn)固溶体、Zn(Al)固溶体、Cu_4Zn及MgMnO_3组成;连接界面主要由Al(Zn)固溶体组成,Zn,Al和Cu在界面上相互扩散而形成一定扩散梯度,熔合良好,钎焊接头抗拉强度与母材相当,剪切强度略高于相同孔隙率母材的剪切强度,抗拉强度和剪切强度均随孔隙率增加而明显降低。

化学法制备Al_2O_3包覆TiH_2颗粒发泡剂

利用非均匀成核法 ,以 pH缓冲溶液作沉淀剂 ,研究了Al2 O3 包覆TiH2 粉末的包裹技术。结果表明 ,Al3 + 浓度对包覆层显微结构有影响 ,当Al3 + 浓度为 0 .0 5mol/L ,pH值为 4.5时 ,可以获得好的氧化铝前驱体包覆TiH2 颗粒 ,经 35 0℃煅烧可得到均匀、致密的Al2 O3 /TiH2 包覆颗粒。当包覆层厚大于 1.42 μm时 ,Al2 O3 /TiH2 包覆颗粒释放氢气过程被显著地延迟 ,这种延迟效应对泡沫铝制备具有重要的实用价值。采用Al2 O3 /TiH2包覆粉体作为发泡剂 ,成功制备出多孔泡沫铝材料。

非常规孔结构Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器的吸声性能研究

以渗流法制备的宽孔径孔结构、周期孔结构及梯度孔结构三类非常规孔结构Al-Si12泡沫为芯材,制作了Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器,对其吸声性能进行了研究。结果表明,宽孔径孔结构Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器的吸声效果明显优于常规孔结构Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器;梯度孔结构Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器的吸声性能比宽孔径孔结构泡沫铝芯消声器优越;周期孔结构的泡沫铝芯消声器与宽孔径孔结构泡沫铝芯吸声性能相当;Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器的吸声性能与扩张室结构及流阻有关;与传统吸声材料芯消声器相比,宽孔径孔结构的Al-Si12泡沫芯消声器的吸声性能介于离心玻璃棉芯消声器及聚氨酯泡沫芯消声器之间。

Al_2O_3/TiH_2包覆粉体的制备及其释氢性能的研究

The technique to prepare TiH\-2 coated with layers of Al\-2O\-3 particles by heterogeneous nucleation method with HAc\|NaAc buffer solution as precipitation reagent was studied. The results show that the microscopic structure of Al\-2O\-3 coating layers depends on the pH value and Al\+\{3+\} concentration range in the solution. The homogeneous and compact coating layers with Al\-2O\-3\|coated TiH\-2 particles can be obtained at 0.05 mol/L and pH=4.5, after heating at 350 ℃. The hydrogen releasing of Al\-2O\-3/TiH\-2 particle is notably delayed with the increase of the temperature, and the delay effect can be used in the production of Al foams.

泡沫Al合金的压缩性能及其能量吸收

研究了泡沫纯铝和泡沫ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ０．４５在单向压缩条件下的应力－应变（σ－ε）曲线，分析了它们的变形行为，并讨论了其能量吸收和能量吸收效率结果表明：泡沫纯铝与泡沫 Ａｌ合金的σ—ε曲线均由弹性变形段、平缓段和紧实段组成；在压缩过程中，泡沫纯铝的骨架变形以弯曲为主，泡沫 ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ０．４５的骨架变形主要由局部断裂产生；在相同孔隙率下，泡沫 ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ０．４５的能量吸收大于泡沫纯铝；能量吸收效率与应变有关。