Relaxation of residual stresses in 20%SiC_w/6061Al composite as-extruded at high temperature

The residual stress in a 20%SiC w/6061Al composite as extruded was investigated by using X ray stress measurement method. It was found that, high residual stress existed in the composite and residual stress distribution in each direction are not uniform. Relaxation process of residual stress in the composite was dynamically measured during annealing at high temperature. It is verified that the relaxation of residual stress obeys the power law at high temperature. With the creep mechanism, the relaxation behavior of residual stresses at high temperature was analyzed. The results show that, the stress exponent and activation energy for stress relaxation of the composite are obviously higher than those of the matrix alloy.

Modification of residual stress in Al-[AlBO]_w/Al compound plate

The application of compound parts of Al [AlBO] w/Al not only reduces the cost of the parts but also improves its properties. However, there is a large thermal residual stress between Al and [AlBO] w/Al, and it is harmful for practical application. From the theoretical analyses and experimental results, it was found that by the compressive pre plastic deformation perpendicular to the interface between Al and [AlBO] w/Al, the interlayer residual stress of compound parts can be reduced, while the mechanical properties of compound parts can be improved. [

Influence of pre- plastic deformation on thermal residual stress and yield strength of SiC_w/Al composites

With a micro mechanical model, the feasibility of modification of thermal residual stress of the composites treated by tensile pre plastic deformation was analyzed. The relationship between pre plastic strain and variation of thermal residual stress was established. By using the method of tensile pre plastic deformation, the thermal residual stress in 20%SiC w/6061Al composites was modified. The results show that, with increasing tensile pre plastic strain, the tensile residual stress in the matrix was decreased to zero gradually, and then it was turned into compressive stress. By comparison, it was found that the changing tendency of the test results is similar to that of theoretical analysis. In addition, due to pre plastic deformation, the dislocation density in the matrix was increased, and the yield strength of the composites was improved. The increasing yield strength is mainly due to the decreasing tensile residual stress and the changing of distribution of dislocation in the matrix.

应力时效影响Al-10Zn-3Mg-3Cu合金带外纵筋筒形件组织性能研究

目的研究应力时效条件下Al-10Zn-3Mg-3Cu合金带外纵筋筒形件筋部试样的应力松弛行为,探明基体应力松弛机制以及强韧性协同提升机理。方法针对淬火态筋部试样,设计不同的初始应力值进行应力时效实验,然后采用数据分析与微观组织形貌表征方法研究试样组织性能。结果当施加的初始应力为250MPa时,筋部试样的应力松弛程度可达85.8%,同时,试样抗拉强度为736.40 MPa,屈服强度为697.53 MPa,延伸率为10.96%。结论在250MPa应力时效条件下,应力松弛机制主要为晶界Coble蠕变和位错运动,位错运动促进了亚晶的增殖,Coble蠕变使基体晶粒长大,这些行为促使试样应力耗散。同时,应力时效改变了析出相形态,发展了具有孪生界面的复合析出相。经分子动力学计算可知,该特征微结构有利于基体强韧性的协同提升。

不同应力水平对2195-T34 Al-Li合金时效行为的影响机制研究

研究了不同应力水平下2195-T34 Al-Li合金的时效特性变化。当应力低于材料的高温屈服强度(YS)时,低应力时效(LSA)和无应力时效(SFA)试样的屈服强度和延伸率(EL)相近。当应力超过材料的高温屈服强度时,试样的极限拉伸强度(UTS)和伸长率显著下降,表明应力的增加降低了材料的抗破坏性。透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的观察结果表明:应力对材料时效性能的影响归因于内部析出物特征和晶界富铜析出物的共同作用。应力的增加促使铜原子在晶界发生偏析形成富铜析出物,同时促进了晶界无沉淀区(PFZ)的形成,而富铜析出物是脆性相,可作为损伤的起始位置,容易导致裂纹萌生和发展,降低材料的延展性。

1060Al/Al-Al_(2)O_(3)/1060Al层状铝基复合材料热变形模型对比分析

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机在变形温度为25~400℃、应变速率为0.01~10s^(-1)和真应变为0.85的条件下,对1060Al/Al-Al_(2)O_(3)/1060Al层状铝基复合材料进行了热压缩试验,研究其热变形行为,建立了应变补偿的Arrhenius (SCA)、修正的Johnson-Cook (MJC)和修正的Zerilli-Armstrong (MZA) 3种本构模型,并对流变应力的预测值与实验值进行对比。结果表明,层状复合材料流变应力呈加工硬化型,并随温度升高或应变速率降低而降低;在100℃/0.5s^(-1)、200℃/0.1s^(-1)和300℃/0.1s^(-1)条件下,层状复合材料组元层间变形较为协调;3种本构模型中,MZA模型的相关系数最高,R为0.99085、平均绝对相对误差最低,e_(AARE)为0.046966,更适合描述1060Al/Al-Al_(2)O_(3)/1060Al层状铝基复合材料的热变形行为。

Physiological,Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Barley Seedlings to Aluminum Stress

Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is one of the most Aluminum(Al)sensitive cereal species.In this study,the physiological,biochemical,and molecular response of barley seedlings to Al treatment was examined to gain insight into Al response and tolerance mechanisms.The results showed that superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)activity were inhibited to different degrees following Al exposure.The MDA content also significantly increased with increasing Al concentrations.SRAP results indicated significant differences between Al treatments and controls in terms of SRAP profile,and the genomic template stability(GTS)decreased with increasing Al concentration and duration.These integrative results help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that the barley response to Al toxicity.

基于ALE算法的高速水射流对船体表面冲击特性研究

为探究水射流清洗附着物对船体表面的损伤影响,基于ALE算法研究了不同入射角θ和不同流速v冲击船体表面过程中射流的冲击压力特征和应力特征。结果显示,随着入射角θ增大,靶件所受冲击压力会出现水锤压力与滞止压力阶段。高压水射流动能在适当入射角θ增加,入射角过大(θ=20°)反而会使其降低。以一定入射角θ冲击靶体时,由于剪切效应加强靶体表面与内部应力分布比垂直冲击时更复杂,得出对船体表面材料影响最小的参数组合和最大主应力与射流参数入射角和速度的拟合公式。研究结果对水射流清洗船体表面附着物的应用具有较好的理论意义与实际应用价值。

波纹轧制制备Cu/Al复合板的应力分析及显微组织演变

建立三维有限元模型,并通过50%压下量的轧制试验验证模型的准确性。从时间角度分析整个波纹轧制过程中金属的流动规律。金属经历的变形可以分为两个阶段:填充阶段和压下阶段。填充阶段应力变化较为复杂,而压下阶段应力变化趋势一致。通过罗德参数和应力三轴度分析特征位置的应力状态,在开始变形时为两向拉应力一向压应力。采用EBSD技术分析Cu板的显微组织演变过程。与原始板材相比,铜板各特征位置晶粒均发生细化,而Cu板波谷处晶粒在发生细化后有长大的现象,这是由剧烈塑性变形产生的绝热温升现象造成的。

Effect of high-temperature pre-precipitation on mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking of Al-Zn-Mg alloys

In order to improve the stress corrosion cracking resistance of the weldable Al Zn Mg alloys with medium strength, the near solvus pre precipitation following high temperature solution treatment was performed on LC52 and 7039 aluminum alloys. The effect of the pre precipitation on the microstructure, age hardening and stress corrosion cracking of LC52 and 7039 alloy was investigated. The results show that the near solvus pre precipitation can be limited on grain boundary and can enhance the discontinuity of grain boundary precipitates. The stress corrosion cracking resistance of aged Al Zn Mg alloys can be improved with non deteriorated strength and plasticity via pre precipitation.

Stacking fault energy,yield stress anomaly, and twinnability of Ni_3Al:A first principles study

Using first principles calculations combined with the quasiharmonic approach, we study the effects of temperature on the elastic constants, generalized stacking fault energies, and generalized planar fault energies of Ni3Al. The antiphase boundary energies, complex stacking fault energies, superlattice intrinsic stacking fault energies, and twinning energies decrease slightly with temperature. Temperature dependent anomalous yield stress of Ni3Al is predicted by the energybased criterion based on elastic anisotropy and antiphase boundary energies. It is found that p increases with temperature and this can give a more accurate description of the anomalous yield stress in Ni3Al. Furthermore, the predicted twinnablity of Ni3Al is also decreasing with temperature.

Flow stress behavior of high-purity Al-Cu-Mg alloy and microstructure evolution

The flow stress behavior of high-purity Al-Cu-Mg alloy under hot deformation conditions was studied by Gleeble-1500,with the deformation temperature range from 300 to 500 °C and the strain rate range from 0.01 to 10 s-1. From the true stress-true strain curve, the flow stress increases with the increasing of strain and tends to be constant after a peak value, showing dynamic recover, and the peak value of flow stress increases with the decreasing of deformation temperature and the increasing of strain rate.When the strain rate is 10 s-1 and the deformation temperature is higher than 400 °C, the flow stress shows dynamic recrystallization characteristic. TEM micrographs were used to reveal the evolution of microstructures. According to the processing map at true strain of 0.7, the feasible deformation conditions are high strain rate(>0.5 s-1) or 440-500 °C and 0.01-0.02 s-1.

Microstructure and properties of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy exposed at 200℃ with and without stress

The effect of stress on the microstructure and properties of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy under-aged at 165 ℃ for 2 h during thermal exposure at 200 ℃ was investigated. The tensile experimental results show that the remained tensile strength of both specimens at room temperature after being exposed at 200 ℃ with and without applying stress rises firstly, and then drops with the increasing of exposure time. The peak value of the remained strength reaches 439 MPa for non-stress-exposure for 10 h, and 454 MPa after being exposed with stress loaded for 20 h at 220 MPa. The elongation change is similar to that of strength. After being exposed for 100 h, specimen exposed at 220 MPa still remains a tensile strength of 401 MPa, larger than that exposed without applying stress. TEM shows that the microstructure of under-aged alloy is dominated by - phase mainly and a little θ′ phase. The θ′ and - phases are believed competitive with increasing exposure time. The width of precipitation free zone(PFZ) increases and the granular second phase precipitates at grain-boundary correspondingly. It is shown that the mechanical properties of alloy decrease slightly and present good thermal stability after thermal exposure at 200 ℃ and 220 MPa for 100 h.

BEHAVIOUR AND MECHANISM OF STRESS CORROSION CRACKING FOR Al-Li-Cu-Mg ALLOY

Studies were made of the influence of aging conditions and applied potentials on the stress corrosion carcking(SCC)susceptibility for an Al-Li-Cu-Mg alloy by slow strain rate technique.The relationship between the relative hydrogen content on specimen surface,the applied potentials and elapsed time has also been examined.The SCC susceptibility was found to be dependent on aging conditions in which the peak aged condition gave the worst SCC resistance and the natural aged condition had the best one. The SCC susceptibility and surface hydrogen content relates to the applied potentials. The anodic potentials increase SCC susceptibility,while the cathodic ones below the critical potential accelerate SCC.It is considered that both the anodic dissolution and

Flow Stress Behavior and Processing Map of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy during Hot Compression

The hot deformation behavior of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag was studied by isothermal hot compression tests in the temperature range of 573-773 K and strain rate range of 0.001-1 s^-1 on a Gleeble 1500 D thermal mechanical simulator. The results show the flow stress of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy increases with strain rate and decreases after a peak value, indicating dynamic recovery and recrystallization. A hyperbolic sine relationship is found to correlate well the flow stress with the strain rate and temperature, the flow stress equation is estimated to illustrate the relation of strain rate and stress and temperature during high temperature deformation process. The processing maps exhibit two domains as optimum fields for hot deformation at different strains, including the high strain rate domain in 623-773 K and the low strain rate domain in 573-673 K.

Effects of heat treatment process on stress corrosion cracking and microstructures of 7A05 Al alloy plate

In order to improve the stress corrosion cracking(SCC) resistance of 7A05Al alloy, four different heat treatment processes were performed. After the heat treatments, the stress corrosion cracking resistance, mechanical properties and microstructures of 7A05A1 alloys were studied. The results show that the retrogression and reaging(RRA) treated specimens possess the highest SCC resistance with slightly reduced strength compared with the other specimens. Thus RRA is the best process in terms of the optimal combination of SCC resistance and strength. Further TEM observation reveals that the RRA treated specimens are characterized by the fine equiaxed grains, dispersed second phase and wide PFZ. The pre-aging treated specimens show lower SCC resistance but higher strength as compared with the RRA treated ones. Equiaxed grains are also observed in the pre-aging treated samples by TEM, indicating that the anisotropy is eliminated. However, the dual aging and deformation plus aging treated specimens are demonstrated by large anisotropy.

Effect of Impurities and Cerium on Stress Concentration Sensitivity of Al-Li Based Alloys

A notch sensitivity factor was derived in order to evaluate the stress concentration sensitivity of Al Li based alloys. The factor values for the Al Li alloy sheets containing various contents of impurities and cerium addition were evaluated by determining the mechanical properties. It is found that the impurities Fe, Si, Na and K significantly enhance the stress concentration sensitivity of the alloys 2090 and 8090, whereas cerium addition reduces the stress concentration sensitivity to a certain degree for the high strength alloys. However, an excess amount of cerium addition in the high ductility alloy 1420 can significantly increase the stress concentration sensitivity. As compared with conventional aluminum alloys, the Al Li based alloys generally show high stress concentration sensitivity. Therefore, a special attention must be paid to this problem in the practical application of Al Li based alloys.

Corrosion behavior of 2195 and 1420 Al-Li alloys in neutral 3.5% NaCl solution under tensile stress

The corrosion behaviors of 1420 and 2195 Al-Li alloys under 308 and 490 MPa tensile stress respectively in neutral 3.5% NaCl solution were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). It is found that the unstressed 1420 alloy is featured with large and discrete pits, while general corrosion and localized corrosion including intergranular corrosion and pitting corrosion occur on the unstressed 2195 alloy. As stress is applied to 1420 alloy, the pit becomes denser and its size is decreased. While, for the stressed 2195 alloy, intergranular corrosion is greatly aggravated and severe general corrosion is developed from connected pits. The EIS analysis shows that more severe general corrosion and localized corrosion occur on the stressed 2195 Al-Li alloy than on 1420 Al-Li alloy. It is suggested that tensile stress has greater effect on the corrosion of 2195 Al-Li alloy than on 1420 Al-Li alloy.

不同温度应力下陶封器件Au-Al键合可靠性研究

为研究不同温度应力对Au-Al键合的可靠性影响,对陶封器件采用温度循环试验、高温贮存试验,分析陶封器件Au-Al键合点的金属间化合物(IMC)微观组织结构。结果显示,两种温度应力条件下都出现明显分层现象,且由于固固扩散反应,分层界面处应力集中,裂纹更易萌生扩展,降低可靠性;对比3000次温循、150℃/360h、250℃/360h试验条件下分层界面处的裂纹形貌,裂纹长度逐渐增加,说明恒定温度应力更易促进IMC裂纹生长,且温度越高,裂纹生长越快,对器件可靠性影响也越大。

Coulomb Stress Perturbations Related to the Al Hoceima (Morocco) Earthquakes of 1994 and 2004

This paper exposes the results of the study of the stress perturbations caused by the Al Hoceima (Morocco) earthquakes of 1994 and 2004 by means of Coulomb modeling. Modeling was based on the compilation of all the studies carried out after both events, including seismological (location and depth of the main shocks and aftershocks), seismotectonic (source parameters, stress field), geodetic (GPS), tomographic and geological ones. It shows that the first earthquake is likely to have induced the second one when adopting appropriate epicenter locations, source and receiver fault planes. In detail, the model shows that motion along the N23E oriented Bousekkour-Aghbal fault in 1994 activated the eastern segment of a previously unknown NW-SE fault located at its southern end, which in turn originated the 2004 earthquake. The model also provides a suitable explanation for the distribution of the aftershock clusters. Finally, an attempt of prediction of the next event shows that it is likely to occur on NE-SW planes located to the NW (Bokkoya and offshore) and SE (reaching the Nekor fault) of the NW-SE fault, while Al Hoceima city should remain in a shadow zone.