Background: The high protein (HP) breakfast reduced gastric emptying and the most satiat-ing macronutrient appears to be dietary protein. Few studies have investigated the effects of protein to energy ratio in breakfa...Background: The high protein (HP) breakfast reduced gastric emptying and the most satiat-ing macronutrient appears to be dietary protein. Few studies have investigated the effects of protein to energy ratio in breakfast on mood, alertness and attention. Objective: This study was designed to investigate whether the HP breakfast is more beneficial to mood, alertness and attention of the healthy undergraduate student than adequate-protein (AP) breakfast through the rising body temperature and re-maining stable blood glucose or through other physiologic processes. Methods: Thirteen healthy male undergraduate students (18 - 23 y) were studied in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. Blood samples, body tem-perature, satiety, mood and Continuous Per-formance Test (CPT) were assessed after the consumption of two isocaloric breakfasts that differed in their protein and carbohydrate con-tent: an HP breakfast (50%, 30%, and 20% of energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat, re-spectively) or an AP breakfast (10%, 70%, and 20% of energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat, respectively). Results: Consumption of an HP breakfast resulted in more steady glucose and insulin than AP breakfast consumption (p < 0.05). Satiety scores and body temperature were higher after HP breakfast consumption (p < 0.05). And most important, the positive mood and CPT scores were higher after HP breakfast than after AP breakfast intake (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HP breakfast can effectively stabilize postprandial serum glucose concentration and elevate post-prandial temperature of healthy male under-graduate students. Our present findings dem-onstrate the relationship between HP breakfast and mood, alertness and attention. This study indicated that HP breakfast may enhance human performance probably by increasing the thermic effect of a food and elevating body temperature.展开更多
In order to classify the alertness status, 19 channels of electroencephalogram(EEG) signals from 5 subjects were acquired during daytime nap. Ten different types of features(including time domain features, frequency d...In order to classify the alertness status, 19 channels of electroencephalogram(EEG) signals from 5 subjects were acquired during daytime nap. Ten different types of features(including time domain features, frequency domain features and nonlinear features) were extracted from EEG signals, and an improved self-organizing map(ISOM) neuron network was proposed, which successfully identify three different brain status of the subjects: awareness, drowsiness and sleep. Compared with traditional SOM, the experiment results show that the ISOM generates much better classification accuracy, reaching as high as 89.59%.展开更多
In-cab alerts warn commercial vehicle drivers of upcoming roadway incidents, slowdowns and work zone construction activities. This paper reports on a study evaluating the driver response to in-cab alerts in Ohio. Driv...In-cab alerts warn commercial vehicle drivers of upcoming roadway incidents, slowdowns and work zone construction activities. This paper reports on a study evaluating the driver response to in-cab alerts in Ohio. Driver response was evaluated by measuring the statistical trends of vehicle speeds after the in-cab alerts were received. Vehicle speeds pre and post in-cab alert were collected over a 47 day period in the fall of 2023 for trucks traveling on interstate roadways in Ohio. Results show that approximately 22% of drivers receiving Dangerous Slowdown alerts had reduced their speeds by at least 5 mph 30 seconds after receiving such an alert. Segmenting this analysis by speed found that of vehicles traveling at or above 70 mph at the time of alerting, 26% reduced speeds by at least 5 mph. These speed reductions suggest drivers taking actional measures after receiving alerts. Future studies will involve further analysis on the impact of the types of alerts shown, roadway characteristics and overall traffic conditions on truck speeds passing through work zones.展开更多
Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) platforms are critical for organizations to monitor and manage their security operations centers. However, organizations using SIEM platforms have several challenges su...Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) platforms are critical for organizations to monitor and manage their security operations centers. However, organizations using SIEM platforms have several challenges such as inefficiency of alert management and integration with real-time communication tools. These challenges cause delays and cost penalties for organizations in their efforts to resolve the alerts and potential security breaches. This paper introduces a cybersecurity Alert Distribution and Response Network (Adrian) system. Adrian introduces a novel enhancement to SIEM platforms by integrating SIEM functionalities with real-time collaboration platforms. Adrian leverages the uniquity of mobile applications of collaboration platforms to provide real-time alerts, enabling a two-way communication channel that facilitates immediate response to security incidents and efficient SIEM platform management. To demonstrate Adrian’s capabilities, we have introduced a case-study that integrates Wazuh, a SIEM platform, to Slack, a collaboration platform. The case study demonstrates all the functionalities of Adrian including the real-time alert distribution, alert customization, alert categorization, and enablement of management activities, thereby increasing the responsiveness and efficiency of Adrian’s capabilities. The study concludes with a discussion on the potential expansion of Adrian’s capabilities including the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) for enhanced alert prioritization and response automation.展开更多
Light plays an essential role in psychobiological and psychophysiological processes,such as alertness.The alerting effect is influenced by light characteristics and the timing of interventions.This meta-analysis is th...Light plays an essential role in psychobiological and psychophysiological processes,such as alertness.The alerting effect is influenced by light characteristics and the timing of interventions.This meta-analysis is the first to systematically review the effect of light intervention on alertness and to discuss the optimal protocol for light intervention.In this meta-analysis,registered at PROSPERO(Registration ID:CRD42020181485),we conducted a systematic search of the Web of Science,PubMed,and PsycINFO databases for studies published in English prior to August 2021.The outcomes included both subjective and objective alertness.Subgroup analyses considered a variety of factors,such as wavelength,correlated color temperature(CCT),light illuminance,and timing of interventions(daytime,night-time,or all day).Twenty-seven crossover studies and two parallel-group studies were included in this meta-analysis,with a total of 1210 healthy participants(636(52%)male,mean age 25.62 years).The results revealed that light intervention had a positive effect on both subjective alertness(standardized mean difference(SMD)=-0.28,95%confidence interval(CI):-0.49 to-0.06,P=0.01)and objective alertness in healthy subjects(SMD=-0.34,95%CI:-0.68 to-0.01,P=0.04).The subgroup analysis revealed that cold light was better than warm light in improving subjective alertness(SMD=-0.37,95%CI:-0.65 to-0.10,P=0.007,I2=26%)and objective alertness(SMD=-0.36,95%CI:-0.66 to-0.07,P=0.02,I2=0).Both daytime(SMD=-0.22,95%CI:-0.37 to-0.07,P=0.005,I2=74%)and night-time(SMD=-0.32,95%CI:-0.61 to-0.02,P=0.04,I2=0)light exposure improved subjective alertness.The results of this meta-analysis and systematic review indicate that light exposure is associated with significant improvement in subjective and objective alertness.In addition,light exposure with a higher CCT was more effective in improving alertness than light exposure with a lower CCT.Our results also suggest that both daytime and night-time light exposure can improve subjective alertness.展开更多
文摘Background: The high protein (HP) breakfast reduced gastric emptying and the most satiat-ing macronutrient appears to be dietary protein. Few studies have investigated the effects of protein to energy ratio in breakfast on mood, alertness and attention. Objective: This study was designed to investigate whether the HP breakfast is more beneficial to mood, alertness and attention of the healthy undergraduate student than adequate-protein (AP) breakfast through the rising body temperature and re-maining stable blood glucose or through other physiologic processes. Methods: Thirteen healthy male undergraduate students (18 - 23 y) were studied in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. Blood samples, body tem-perature, satiety, mood and Continuous Per-formance Test (CPT) were assessed after the consumption of two isocaloric breakfasts that differed in their protein and carbohydrate con-tent: an HP breakfast (50%, 30%, and 20% of energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat, re-spectively) or an AP breakfast (10%, 70%, and 20% of energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat, respectively). Results: Consumption of an HP breakfast resulted in more steady glucose and insulin than AP breakfast consumption (p < 0.05). Satiety scores and body temperature were higher after HP breakfast consumption (p < 0.05). And most important, the positive mood and CPT scores were higher after HP breakfast than after AP breakfast intake (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HP breakfast can effectively stabilize postprandial serum glucose concentration and elevate post-prandial temperature of healthy male under-graduate students. Our present findings dem-onstrate the relationship between HP breakfast and mood, alertness and attention. This study indicated that HP breakfast may enhance human performance probably by increasing the thermic effect of a food and elevating body temperature.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51007063)
文摘In order to classify the alertness status, 19 channels of electroencephalogram(EEG) signals from 5 subjects were acquired during daytime nap. Ten different types of features(including time domain features, frequency domain features and nonlinear features) were extracted from EEG signals, and an improved self-organizing map(ISOM) neuron network was proposed, which successfully identify three different brain status of the subjects: awareness, drowsiness and sleep. Compared with traditional SOM, the experiment results show that the ISOM generates much better classification accuracy, reaching as high as 89.59%.
文摘In-cab alerts warn commercial vehicle drivers of upcoming roadway incidents, slowdowns and work zone construction activities. This paper reports on a study evaluating the driver response to in-cab alerts in Ohio. Driver response was evaluated by measuring the statistical trends of vehicle speeds after the in-cab alerts were received. Vehicle speeds pre and post in-cab alert were collected over a 47 day period in the fall of 2023 for trucks traveling on interstate roadways in Ohio. Results show that approximately 22% of drivers receiving Dangerous Slowdown alerts had reduced their speeds by at least 5 mph 30 seconds after receiving such an alert. Segmenting this analysis by speed found that of vehicles traveling at or above 70 mph at the time of alerting, 26% reduced speeds by at least 5 mph. These speed reductions suggest drivers taking actional measures after receiving alerts. Future studies will involve further analysis on the impact of the types of alerts shown, roadway characteristics and overall traffic conditions on truck speeds passing through work zones.
文摘Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) platforms are critical for organizations to monitor and manage their security operations centers. However, organizations using SIEM platforms have several challenges such as inefficiency of alert management and integration with real-time communication tools. These challenges cause delays and cost penalties for organizations in their efforts to resolve the alerts and potential security breaches. This paper introduces a cybersecurity Alert Distribution and Response Network (Adrian) system. Adrian introduces a novel enhancement to SIEM platforms by integrating SIEM functionalities with real-time collaboration platforms. Adrian leverages the uniquity of mobile applications of collaboration platforms to provide real-time alerts, enabling a two-way communication channel that facilitates immediate response to security incidents and efficient SIEM platform management. To demonstrate Adrian’s capabilities, we have introduced a case-study that integrates Wazuh, a SIEM platform, to Slack, a collaboration platform. The case study demonstrates all the functionalities of Adrian including the real-time alert distribution, alert customization, alert categorization, and enablement of management activities, thereby increasing the responsiveness and efficiency of Adrian’s capabilities. The study concludes with a discussion on the potential expansion of Adrian’s capabilities including the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) for enhanced alert prioritization and response automation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82172530(to QT)Science and Technology Program of Guangdong,No.2018B030334001(to CRR)Guangzhou Science and Technology Project,No.202007030012(to QT).
文摘Light plays an essential role in psychobiological and psychophysiological processes,such as alertness.The alerting effect is influenced by light characteristics and the timing of interventions.This meta-analysis is the first to systematically review the effect of light intervention on alertness and to discuss the optimal protocol for light intervention.In this meta-analysis,registered at PROSPERO(Registration ID:CRD42020181485),we conducted a systematic search of the Web of Science,PubMed,and PsycINFO databases for studies published in English prior to August 2021.The outcomes included both subjective and objective alertness.Subgroup analyses considered a variety of factors,such as wavelength,correlated color temperature(CCT),light illuminance,and timing of interventions(daytime,night-time,or all day).Twenty-seven crossover studies and two parallel-group studies were included in this meta-analysis,with a total of 1210 healthy participants(636(52%)male,mean age 25.62 years).The results revealed that light intervention had a positive effect on both subjective alertness(standardized mean difference(SMD)=-0.28,95%confidence interval(CI):-0.49 to-0.06,P=0.01)and objective alertness in healthy subjects(SMD=-0.34,95%CI:-0.68 to-0.01,P=0.04).The subgroup analysis revealed that cold light was better than warm light in improving subjective alertness(SMD=-0.37,95%CI:-0.65 to-0.10,P=0.007,I2=26%)and objective alertness(SMD=-0.36,95%CI:-0.66 to-0.07,P=0.02,I2=0).Both daytime(SMD=-0.22,95%CI:-0.37 to-0.07,P=0.005,I2=74%)and night-time(SMD=-0.32,95%CI:-0.61 to-0.02,P=0.04,I2=0)light exposure improved subjective alertness.The results of this meta-analysis and systematic review indicate that light exposure is associated with significant improvement in subjective and objective alertness.In addition,light exposure with a higher CCT was more effective in improving alertness than light exposure with a lower CCT.Our results also suggest that both daytime and night-time light exposure can improve subjective alertness.
