Increasing Internet of Things(IoT)device connectivity makes botnet attacks more dangerous,carrying catastrophic hazards.As IoT botnets evolve,their dynamic and multifaceted nature hampers conventional detection method...Increasing Internet of Things(IoT)device connectivity makes botnet attacks more dangerous,carrying catastrophic hazards.As IoT botnets evolve,their dynamic and multifaceted nature hampers conventional detection methods.This paper proposes a risk assessment framework based on fuzzy logic and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)to address the risks associated with IoT botnets.Fuzzy logic addresses IoT threat uncertainties and ambiguities methodically.Fuzzy component settings are optimized using PSO to improve accuracy.The methodology allows for more complex thinking by transitioning from binary to continuous assessment.Instead of expert inputs,PSO data-driven tunes rules and membership functions.This study presents a complete IoT botnet risk assessment system.The methodology helps security teams allocate resources by categorizing threats as high,medium,or low severity.This study shows how CICIoT2023 can assess cyber risks.Our research has implications beyond detection,as it provides a proactive approach to risk management and promotes the development of more secure IoT environments.展开更多
For all-optical communication and information processing,it is necessary to develop all-optical logic gates based on photonic structures that can directly perform logic operations.All-optical logic gates have been dem...For all-optical communication and information processing,it is necessary to develop all-optical logic gates based on photonic structures that can directly perform logic operations.All-optical logic gates have been demonstrated based on conventional waveguides and interferometry,as well as photonic crystal structures.Nonetheless,any defects in those structures will introduce high scattering loss,which compromises the fidelity and contrast ratio of the information process.Based on the spin-valley locking effect that can achieve defect-immune unidirectional transmission of topological edge states in valley photonic crystals(VPCs),we propose a high-performance all-optical logic OR gate based on a VPC structure.By tuning the working bandwidth of the two input channels,we prevent interference between the two channels to achieve a stable and high-fidelity output.The transmittance of both channels is higher than 0.8,and a high contrast ratio of 28.8 dB is achieved.Moreover,the chirality of the logic gate originated from the spin-valley locking effect allows using different circularly polarized light as inputs,representing“1”or“0”,which is highly desired in quantum computing.The device’s footprint is 18μm×12μm,allowing high-density on-chip integration.In addition,this design can be experimentally fabricated using current nanofabrication techniques and will have potential applications in optical communication,information processing,and quantum computing.展开更多
Two-dimensional van der Waals(2D vdW)material-based heterostructure devices have been widely studied for high-end electronic applications owing to their heterojunction properties.In this study,we demonstrate graphene(...Two-dimensional van der Waals(2D vdW)material-based heterostructure devices have been widely studied for high-end electronic applications owing to their heterojunction properties.In this study,we demonstrate graphene(Gr)-bridge heterostructure devices consisting of laterally series-connected ambipolar semiconductor/Gr-bridge/n-type molybdenum disulfide as a channel material for field-effect transistors(FET).Unlike conventional FET operation,our Gr-bridge devices exhibit nonclassical transfer characteristics(humped transfer curve),thus possessing a negative differential transconductance.These phenomena are interpreted as the operating behavior in two series-connected FETs,and they result from the gate-tunable contact capacity of the Gr-bridge layer.Multi-value logic inverters and frequency tripler circuits are successfully demonstrated using ambipolar semiconductors with narrow-and wide-bandgap materials as more advanced circuit applications based on non-classical transfer characteristics.Thus,we believe that our innovative and straightforward device structure engineering will be a promising technique for future multi-functional circuit applications of 2D nanoelectronics.展开更多
Using the dynamical properties of the polarization bistability that depends on the detuning of the injected light,we propose a novel approach to implement reliable all-optical stochastic logic gates in the cascaded ve...Using the dynamical properties of the polarization bistability that depends on the detuning of the injected light,we propose a novel approach to implement reliable all-optical stochastic logic gates in the cascaded vertical cavity surface emitting lasers(VCSELs) with optical-injection.Here,two logic inputs are encoded in the detuning of the injected light from a tunable CW laser.The logic outputs are decoded from the two orthogonal polarization lights emitted from the optically injected VCSELs.For the same logic inputs,under electro-optic modulation,we perform various digital signal processing(NOT,AND,NAND,XOR,XNOR,OR,NOR) in the all-optical domain by controlling the logic operation of the applied electric field.Also we explore their delay storages by using the mechanism of the generalized chaotic synchronization.To quantify the reliabilities of these logic gates,we further demonstrate their success probabilities.展开更多
An all-optical cryptographic device for secure communication, based on the properties of soliton beams, is presented. It can encode a given bit stream of optical pulses, changing their phase and their amplitude as a f...An all-optical cryptographic device for secure communication, based on the properties of soliton beams, is presented. It can encode a given bit stream of optical pulses, changing their phase and their amplitude as a function of an encryption serial key that merge with the data stream, generating a ciphered stream. The greatest advantage of the device is real-time encrypting – data can be transmitted at the original speed without slowing down.展开更多
Aptamers are molecular recognition elements with high specificity that are selected from deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid (DNA/RNA) library. Compared with the traditional protein recognition elements,aptamers ha...Aptamers are molecular recognition elements with high specificity that are selected from deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid (DNA/RNA) library. Compared with the traditional protein recognition elements,aptamers have excellent properties such as cost-effective,stable,easy for synthesis and modification. In recent years,electrochemistry plays an important role in biosensor field because of its high sensitivity,high stability, fast response and easy miniaturization. Through the combination of these two technologies and our rational design,we constructed a series of biosensors and biochips that are simple,fast,cheap and miniaturized. Firstly,we designed an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) electrochemical biosensor based on the strand displacement strategy. We can detect as low as 10 nmol/L of ATP both in pure solution and complicated cell lysates. Secondly,we creatively split the aptamers into two fragments and constructed the sandwich assay platform only based on single aptamer sequence. We successfully transferred this design on biochips with multiple micro electrodes (6×6) and accomplished multiplex detection. In the fields of biochips and biocomputers,we designed several DNA logic gates with electric (electrochemical) signal as output which paves a new way for the development of DNA computer.展开更多
All-optical XNOR and AND logic gates using four-wave mixing (FWM) and cross-gain modulation (XGM) in a single semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with improved dynamics are simultaneously realized. By numerica...All-optical XNOR and AND logic gates using four-wave mixing (FWM) and cross-gain modulation (XGM) in a single semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with improved dynamics are simultaneously realized. By numerical simulation, the effects of the input optical wave powers and injection current on the critical factors of the logic gate performances, such as the ON-OFF contrast ratio, the power-output level of the logic '1', and the difference between power outputs of the logic '1', are investigated in detail. In addition, the effect of the counter-propagating CW pump on the gain recovery is analysed.展开更多
We propose a novel optical intensity modulator based on the combination of a symmetrical metal cladding optical waveguide (SMCW) and ferrofluid, where the ferrofluid is sealed in the waveguide to act as a guiding la...We propose a novel optical intensity modulator based on the combination of a symmetrical metal cladding optical waveguide (SMCW) and ferrofluid, where the ferrofluid is sealed in the waveguide to act as a guiding layer. The light matter interaction in the ferrofluid film leads to the formation of a regular nanoparticle pattern, which changes the phase match condition of the ultrahigh order modes in return. When two lasers are incident on the same spot of the waveguide chip, experiments illustrate all-optical modulation of one laser beam by adjusting the intensity of the other laser. A possible theoretical explanation may be due to the optical trapping and Soret effect since the phenomenon is considerable only when the control laser is effectively coupled into the waveguide.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to present an all-optical EXOR for cryptographic application based on spatial soliton beams. The device is based on the propagation and interactions properties of spatial soliton in a Kerr...The purpose of this paper is to present an all-optical EXOR for cryptographic application based on spatial soliton beams. The device is based on the propagation and interactions properties of spatial soliton in a Kerr nonlinear material. The interaction force between parallel soliton beam is analyzed from the analytical point of view and an exact solution is presented.展开更多
Supercapacitor diode is a novel ion device that performs both supercapacitor energy storage and ion diode rectification functions.However,previously reported devices are limited by their large size and complex process...Supercapacitor diode is a novel ion device that performs both supercapacitor energy storage and ion diode rectification functions.However,previously reported devices are limited by their large size and complex processes.In this work,we demonstrate a screen-printed micro supercapacitor diode(MCAPode)that based on the insertion of a finger mode with spinel ZnCo_(2)O_(4) as cathode and activated carbon as anode for the first time,and featuring an excellent area specific capacitance(1.21 mF cm^(-2)at 10 mV s^(-1))and high rectification characteristics(rectification ratioⅠof 11.99 at 40 mV s^(-1)).Taking advantage of the ionic gel electrolyte,which provides excellent stability during repeated flexing and at high temperatures.In addition,MCAPode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and rectification capability in"AND"and"OR"logic gates.These findings provide practical solutions for future expansion of micro supercapacitor diode applications.展开更多
Halide perovskites exhibit high performance in all sorts of optoelectronic and photonic areas, suggesting their huge potential in integrated photonic devices. However, until now, all optical logic gates based on perov...Halide perovskites exhibit high performance in all sorts of optoelectronic and photonic areas, suggesting their huge potential in integrated photonic devices. However, until now, all optical logic gates based on perovskites are still rarely explored, hindering the development of all-optical networks and computing. Herein, a new concept of all-optical logic gates is proposed based on the modulation of photoluminescence(PL) from perovskite nanocrystals(PNCs). A hierarchical photonic crystal(Hie PhC) is developed by self-assembling polystyrene(PS) and SiO2nanoparticles, which exhibit a higher PL enhancement than that of a monolayer PhC. Moreover, the light-controlled PL is realized by taking advantage of the high thermal response of the PL from PNCs/Hie PhC on polyethylene(PE) substrate, assisted by a graphene layer for light-heat conversion. Consequently, optical diode and triode are achieved based on the modulated PL, which exhibit contrast ratios(CR) of 24.7 and 74.0 dB, respectively.All-optical logic gates, including “AND”, “OR” and “NOT”, are realized based on the optical diode and triode.展开更多
We developed a general framework for parallel all-optical logic operations with independent phase control of arbitrary orthogonal polarization state enabled by a single-layer metasurface.A pair of orthogonal circular ...We developed a general framework for parallel all-optical logic operations with independent phase control of arbitrary orthogonal polarization state enabled by a single-layer metasurface.A pair of orthogonal circular polarized bases are used as two input channels of the logic operator,and their four combinations perfectly match various binary input states.Correspondingly,distinct phase profiles are encoded into the metasurface,which enables parallel operation of the two logic gates by way of polarization switching.It allows for an efficient and compact way to implement multi-channel multiplexed logic gate operations with the capability of fast optical computing at the chip scale.展开更多
文摘Increasing Internet of Things(IoT)device connectivity makes botnet attacks more dangerous,carrying catastrophic hazards.As IoT botnets evolve,their dynamic and multifaceted nature hampers conventional detection methods.This paper proposes a risk assessment framework based on fuzzy logic and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)to address the risks associated with IoT botnets.Fuzzy logic addresses IoT threat uncertainties and ambiguities methodically.Fuzzy component settings are optimized using PSO to improve accuracy.The methodology allows for more complex thinking by transitioning from binary to continuous assessment.Instead of expert inputs,PSO data-driven tunes rules and membership functions.This study presents a complete IoT botnet risk assessment system.The methodology helps security teams allocate resources by categorizing threats as high,medium,or low severity.This study shows how CICIoT2023 can assess cyber risks.Our research has implications beyond detection,as it provides a proactive approach to risk management and promotes the development of more secure IoT environments.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2022YFA1404201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11904255)the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(International Cooperation)(Grant No.201903D421052).
文摘For all-optical communication and information processing,it is necessary to develop all-optical logic gates based on photonic structures that can directly perform logic operations.All-optical logic gates have been demonstrated based on conventional waveguides and interferometry,as well as photonic crystal structures.Nonetheless,any defects in those structures will introduce high scattering loss,which compromises the fidelity and contrast ratio of the information process.Based on the spin-valley locking effect that can achieve defect-immune unidirectional transmission of topological edge states in valley photonic crystals(VPCs),we propose a high-performance all-optical logic OR gate based on a VPC structure.By tuning the working bandwidth of the two input channels,we prevent interference between the two channels to achieve a stable and high-fidelity output.The transmittance of both channels is higher than 0.8,and a high contrast ratio of 28.8 dB is achieved.Moreover,the chirality of the logic gate originated from the spin-valley locking effect allows using different circularly polarized light as inputs,representing“1”or“0”,which is highly desired in quantum computing.The device’s footprint is 18μm×12μm,allowing high-density on-chip integration.In addition,this design can be experimentally fabricated using current nanofabrication techniques and will have potential applications in optical communication,information processing,and quantum computing.
基金Y.T.L.acknowledges the financial support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(No.NRF-2021R1C1C1005235)D.K.H.acknowledges the financial support from the Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Institution Program(No.2E31532).
文摘Two-dimensional van der Waals(2D vdW)material-based heterostructure devices have been widely studied for high-end electronic applications owing to their heterojunction properties.In this study,we demonstrate graphene(Gr)-bridge heterostructure devices consisting of laterally series-connected ambipolar semiconductor/Gr-bridge/n-type molybdenum disulfide as a channel material for field-effect transistors(FET).Unlike conventional FET operation,our Gr-bridge devices exhibit nonclassical transfer characteristics(humped transfer curve),thus possessing a negative differential transconductance.These phenomena are interpreted as the operating behavior in two series-connected FETs,and they result from the gate-tunable contact capacity of the Gr-bridge layer.Multi-value logic inverters and frequency tripler circuits are successfully demonstrated using ambipolar semiconductors with narrow-and wide-bandgap materials as more advanced circuit applications based on non-classical transfer characteristics.Thus,we believe that our innovative and straightforward device structure engineering will be a promising technique for future multi-functional circuit applications of 2D nanoelectronics.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61475120)the Innovative Projects in Guangdong Colleges and Universities,China(Grant Nos.2014KTSCX134 and 2015KTSCX146)
文摘Using the dynamical properties of the polarization bistability that depends on the detuning of the injected light,we propose a novel approach to implement reliable all-optical stochastic logic gates in the cascaded vertical cavity surface emitting lasers(VCSELs) with optical-injection.Here,two logic inputs are encoded in the detuning of the injected light from a tunable CW laser.The logic outputs are decoded from the two orthogonal polarization lights emitted from the optically injected VCSELs.For the same logic inputs,under electro-optic modulation,we perform various digital signal processing(NOT,AND,NAND,XOR,XNOR,OR,NOR) in the all-optical domain by controlling the logic operation of the applied electric field.Also we explore their delay storages by using the mechanism of the generalized chaotic synchronization.To quantify the reliabilities of these logic gates,we further demonstrate their success probabilities.
文摘An all-optical cryptographic device for secure communication, based on the properties of soliton beams, is presented. It can encode a given bit stream of optical pulses, changing their phase and their amplitude as a function of an encryption serial key that merge with the data stream, generating a ciphered stream. The greatest advantage of the device is real-time encrypting – data can be transmitted at the original speed without slowing down.
基金100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Key Basic Research Program of China ("973"Program) (No. 2012CB932600)
文摘Aptamers are molecular recognition elements with high specificity that are selected from deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid (DNA/RNA) library. Compared with the traditional protein recognition elements,aptamers have excellent properties such as cost-effective,stable,easy for synthesis and modification. In recent years,electrochemistry plays an important role in biosensor field because of its high sensitivity,high stability, fast response and easy miniaturization. Through the combination of these two technologies and our rational design,we constructed a series of biosensors and biochips that are simple,fast,cheap and miniaturized. Firstly,we designed an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) electrochemical biosensor based on the strand displacement strategy. We can detect as low as 10 nmol/L of ATP both in pure solution and complicated cell lysates. Secondly,we creatively split the aptamers into two fragments and constructed the sandwich assay platform only based on single aptamer sequence. We successfully transferred this design on biochips with multiple micro electrodes (6×6) and accomplished multiplex detection. In the fields of biochips and biocomputers,we designed several DNA logic gates with electric (electrochemical) signal as output which paves a new way for the development of DNA computer.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60407001) and the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (Grant No 20060390246).
文摘All-optical XNOR and AND logic gates using four-wave mixing (FWM) and cross-gain modulation (XGM) in a single semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with improved dynamics are simultaneously realized. By numerical simulation, the effects of the input optical wave powers and injection current on the critical factors of the logic gate performances, such as the ON-OFF contrast ratio, the power-output level of the logic '1', and the difference between power outputs of the logic '1', are investigated in detail. In addition, the effect of the counter-propagating CW pump on the gain recovery is analysed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11274091 and 11274092)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Hohai University, China (Grant No. 2011B11014)
文摘We propose a novel optical intensity modulator based on the combination of a symmetrical metal cladding optical waveguide (SMCW) and ferrofluid, where the ferrofluid is sealed in the waveguide to act as a guiding layer. The light matter interaction in the ferrofluid film leads to the formation of a regular nanoparticle pattern, which changes the phase match condition of the ultrahigh order modes in return. When two lasers are incident on the same spot of the waveguide chip, experiments illustrate all-optical modulation of one laser beam by adjusting the intensity of the other laser. A possible theoretical explanation may be due to the optical trapping and Soret effect since the phenomenon is considerable only when the control laser is effectively coupled into the waveguide.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to present an all-optical EXOR for cryptographic application based on spatial soliton beams. The device is based on the propagation and interactions properties of spatial soliton in a Kerr nonlinear material. The interaction force between parallel soliton beam is analyzed from the analytical point of view and an exact solution is presented.
基金the financial support from the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(12131010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279166)+2 种基金the Special Project for Marine Economy Development of Guangdong Province(GDNRC[2023]26)the International Cooperation Base of Infrared Reflection Liquid Crystal Polymers and Device(2015B050501010)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B1515120019)。
文摘Supercapacitor diode is a novel ion device that performs both supercapacitor energy storage and ion diode rectification functions.However,previously reported devices are limited by their large size and complex processes.In this work,we demonstrate a screen-printed micro supercapacitor diode(MCAPode)that based on the insertion of a finger mode with spinel ZnCo_(2)O_(4) as cathode and activated carbon as anode for the first time,and featuring an excellent area specific capacitance(1.21 mF cm^(-2)at 10 mV s^(-1))and high rectification characteristics(rectification ratioⅠof 11.99 at 40 mV s^(-1)).Taking advantage of the ionic gel electrolyte,which provides excellent stability during repeated flexing and at high temperatures.In addition,MCAPode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and rectification capability in"AND"and"OR"logic gates.These findings provide practical solutions for future expansion of micro supercapacitor diode applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021YQ32)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20258,62175178,and 11604155)+2 种基金the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.tsqn201909117)the Foundation of Guangdong Education Committee(Grant No.2020KTSCX117)the Foundation of Shenzhen Science and Technology(Grant No.20200814100534001)。
文摘Halide perovskites exhibit high performance in all sorts of optoelectronic and photonic areas, suggesting their huge potential in integrated photonic devices. However, until now, all optical logic gates based on perovskites are still rarely explored, hindering the development of all-optical networks and computing. Herein, a new concept of all-optical logic gates is proposed based on the modulation of photoluminescence(PL) from perovskite nanocrystals(PNCs). A hierarchical photonic crystal(Hie PhC) is developed by self-assembling polystyrene(PS) and SiO2nanoparticles, which exhibit a higher PL enhancement than that of a monolayer PhC. Moreover, the light-controlled PL is realized by taking advantage of the high thermal response of the PL from PNCs/Hie PhC on polyethylene(PE) substrate, assisted by a graphene layer for light-heat conversion. Consequently, optical diode and triode are achieved based on the modulated PL, which exhibit contrast ratios(CR) of 24.7 and 74.0 dB, respectively.All-optical logic gates, including “AND”, “OR” and “NOT”, are realized based on the optical diode and triode.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFE0107400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52005147).
文摘We developed a general framework for parallel all-optical logic operations with independent phase control of arbitrary orthogonal polarization state enabled by a single-layer metasurface.A pair of orthogonal circular polarized bases are used as two input channels of the logic operator,and their four combinations perfectly match various binary input states.Correspondingly,distinct phase profiles are encoded into the metasurface,which enables parallel operation of the two logic gates by way of polarization switching.It allows for an efficient and compact way to implement multi-channel multiplexed logic gate operations with the capability of fast optical computing at the chip scale.