To investigate the potential role of allelopathy in plant interference and in the successful invasion of alien species Solidago canadensis, aqueous and ethanolic extracts from rhizomes, stems and leaves of S. canadens...To investigate the potential role of allelopathy in plant interference and in the successful invasion of alien species Solidago canadensis, aqueous and ethanolic extracts from rhizomes, stems and leaves of S. canadensis were prepared and used as treatment solutions to assess their effects on seed germination and seedling growth in four target species, mulberry (Morus alba); morning glory (Pharbitis nil), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rape (Brassiea campestris). Reduction and/or growth in germination and growth of the target plant species in the presence of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts at different concentrations indicated that the responses were species-specific and concentration-dependent. Generally, ethanolic extracts (especially from leaves) imposed stronger effects on both seed germination and seedling growth. Extracts with lower concentration at 0.001 g/ml dw could stimulate the seedling growth of rape and morning glory, whereas extracts at any given concentrations have inhibitory effects on wheat and mulberry. It is suggested that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of all the three parts of S. canadensis have significant allelopathic effects. Although both inhibition and stimulation occurred in the germination and growth of the target species, extracts with higher concentrations definitely inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of all target plants. We suggest that allelopathy plays a more important role than other mechanisms do in the out-competition ofS. canadensis over other plants, and make it invasive in new habitats.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Torreya fargesii aril. [Method] By indoor bioassay, the effects of different con-centrations (10, 20,40, 80 g/L) of aqueous extract of T...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Torreya fargesii aril. [Method] By indoor bioassay, the effects of different con-centrations (10, 20,40, 80 g/L) of aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril on seed germination rate, seedling root length, seedling height, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and anti oxidative enzyme activities of radish, mustard and cabbage were analyzed and compared. [ Result] Different concentrations of aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of three crops, and the inhibitory effects were enhanced with the increase of concentration. Seedling height and fresh weight of three crops were improved by low concentrations of aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril and inhibited by high concentrations of aqueous extract. Overall, aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril exhibited allelopathic inhibitory effects on three crops, and the level of allelopath-ic inhibitory effects demonstrated a descending order of radish 〉 mustard 〉 cabbage. Compared with the control group, 80 g/L aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril almost significantly reduced seed germination rate, seedling root length, seedling height, fresh weight and chlorophyll content, and significantly improved MDA con-tent and antioxidative enzyme (SOD, CAT, POD) activities of radish, mustard and cabbage (P 〈 0 .0 5 ) . [ Conclusion] Aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril exhibited remarkable allelopathic inhibitory effects on seed germination of radish, mustard and cabbage, which indicated that there might be dormancy-associated germination in-hibiting allelochemicals in T. fargesii aril. This study provided theoretical basis for subsequent clarification of the mechanism of seed dormancy of T. fargesii.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to understand allelopathy of gaseous volatiles of Eupatorium adenophorum stems and leaves on seed germination and seedling growth of P/nus yunnanens/s. [ Method] P. yunnanens/s seeds were tr...[ Objective] The paper was to understand allelopathy of gaseous volatiles of Eupatorium adenophorum stems and leaves on seed germination and seedling growth of P/nus yunnanens/s. [ Method] P. yunnanens/s seeds were treated by fresh stems and leaves of E. adenophorum in translucent airtight container under high concentration (0.069 4 g/cm3 ), middle concentration (0.023 1 g/cm3 ) and lower concentration (0. 007 7 g/cm3 ), respectively. [ Result] Gaseous volatiles affected seed germination process; with the increasing processing concentration, the day on which seeds began to germinate and the day reaching germination peak were delayed, and the germination quantity on the day reaching germination peak was decreased ; the day on which the germination quantity began to significantly re- duce was delayed ; the process curve was developed from sudden increase and sudden decrease to gentle change, and nearly became a beeline at high concentration. The effects of gaseous volatiles on seed germination ( seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index) and seedling growth (fresh weight, dry weight, radicle length, hypceotyl length) of P. yunnanens/s were basically consistent, showing a regularity that high concentration had stronger inhibition effect and the inhibition effect became weaker with the decreasing concentration of E. adenophorum. E. adenophorum was widely distributed under P. yunnanens/s forests, and might affect natural regeneration and growth of P. yunnanens/s via allelopathy. [ Conclusion ] The paper provides reference for scientific management of P. yunnanens/s forests.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide reference for plant landscaping,optimization of planting structure and rational allocation of species in Cedrus deodara gardens.[Methods]With three common garden plants ...[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide reference for plant landscaping,optimization of planting structure and rational allocation of species in Cedrus deodara gardens.[Methods]With three common garden plants in northern China,Trifolium repens L.,Poa pratensis L.and Trifolium pratense L.,as receptors,the effects of four concentrations(0.025,0.05,0.075 and 0.10 g/ml)of C.deodara needle extract on seed germination and early seedling growth of the three turfgrasses were studied by the Petri dish filter paper method,using a clear water treatment(0 g/ml)as control check(CK).Data were subjected to analysis of variance(ANOVA)and multiple comparisons(Duncan)using SPSS16.0.[Results]Different concentrations of C.deodara needle extract had significant inhibitory effects on seed germination,radicle and seedling height growth of T.repens,T.pratense and P.pratensis(P<0.05),and the inhibitory effects increased with the increase of concentration.When the concentration reached 0.075 g/ml,seed germination and seedling growth of T.repens stopped,and radicle and seedling growth of T.pratense and P.pratensis also stopped.When the concentration was equal to 0.10 g/ml,germination of T.pratense and P.pratensis seeds was inhibited,and the absolute values of allelopathic index was the largest,that is,the inhibitory effects were the largest.And with the increase of concentration,the absolute value of synthetical allelopathic index also increased.The extract of C.deodara needles contained main allelochemicals leading to the scarcity of understory vegetation.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for reasonable garden plant configuration during C.deodara greening and garden landscaping.展开更多
Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of low power microwave radiation on germination and growth rate in seeds. In the present paper, the bioeffects of low power (non-thermal intensity) microwave modul...Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of low power microwave radiation on germination and growth rate in seeds. In the present paper, the bioeffects of low power (non-thermal intensity) microwave modulated with 1 KHz square wave have been studied. Experiments were performed in X-band frequencies using klystron based microwave test bench. Microwave parameters like frequency, power, exposure time and power density were varied while irradiating seed samples to study their influence on germination. The seed samples used for the experiment included wheat (Triticum aestivum), bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), green gram (Vigna radiate) and moth bean (Vigna Aconitifolia). Seed germination %, plant height, root length and dry matter % (biomass %) were recorded and compared with control seeds. The effects of different treatments were found to be stimulating the germination and seedling vigour of plants especially in power and exposure time treatments while increase in frequency and power density has reduced the seed germination and seedling vigour. The effect also varied with the nature of seeds.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of the extracts of Asteraceae plants on plant seeds and seedlings.[Methods]The effects of the extracts of three Asteraceae plants(Erigeron a...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of the extracts of Asteraceae plants on plant seeds and seedlings.[Methods]The effects of the extracts of three Asteraceae plants(Erigeron annuus,Bidens pilosa and Inula japonica)on the seed germination and seedling growth of four plants(Setaria viridis,Erigeron canadensis,Chenopodium album and Lactuca sativa)were studied by the Petri dish filter paper method and bioassay method.[Results]Different concentrations(10,20,40,100,200 mg/ml)of the extracts of E.annuus,B.pilosa and I.japonica had different allelopathic effects on the seed germination of the same recipient plant,and with the increase of the concentrations of the extracts,the inhibitory effects were more significant.The extract of B.pilosa had the strongest inhibitory effect.The extracts at the low concentration(10 mg/ml)had no significant effects on the germination rates and germination energy of the four kinds of plant seeds.In terms of root growth and biomass,the extracts of E.annuus and I.japonica showed the effect of low promotion and high inhibition.Under the treatment with high concentrations(100,200 mg/ml)of the extracts from the three Asteraceae plants,the germination of plant seeds,plant root length,stem height and biomass were inhibited.With the concentrations of the extracts of the three Compositae plants increasing,the chlorophyll contents of the four plants showed a downward trend,and the activity of SOD,POD,CAT and other antioxidant protective enzymes showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.[Conclusions]These three species of Asteraceae plants had certain allelopathic inhibitory effects on the germination and growth of the four kinds of plant seeds,including S.viridis,E.canadensis,C.album and L.sativa,and they have potential in the development of botanical herbicides or plant protection.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to explore the effect of water extract of Erigeron canadensis L. on seed germination of plants. [Method] Using constant temperature culture method, the effects of water extracts of roots, ste...[Objective] The paper was to explore the effect of water extract of Erigeron canadensis L. on seed germination of plants. [Method] Using constant temperature culture method, the effects of water extracts of roots, stems and leaves of E. canadensis on seed germination of 14 species of test plants (crops and weeds) were studied. [Result] Water extracts of roots, stems and leaves of E. canadensis had obvious inhibition effect on seed germination of test plants. The water extract of leaves had the strongest inhibition effect, which could completely inhibit the seed germination of Crepis tectorum L., Amaranthus tricolor L. and Chrysanthemum coronarium L. under the lower concentrations of 0.050 and 0.075 g/ml, and completely inhibit seed germination of all the plants under the concentration of 0.400 g/ml except Zea maize L. and Allium fistulosum L.; followed by water extract of stems, and the water extract of roots had the lowest the inhibition effect, except for completely restraining seed germination of Lycopersicum esculentum L. under the concentration of 0.300 g/ml, it still could not completely restrain seed germination of the other plants under the highest concentration of 0.500 g/ml. The inhibition effect of water extract of E. canadensis on seed germination of plants had obvious selectivity, which had more obvious effect on dicotyledonous plants than monocotyledonous plants. [Conclusion] The study provided reference for screening and utilization of allelochemicals of E. canadensis and research on its allelopathy mechanism.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different heavy metal stresses on seed germination,in order to provide a theoretical basis for phytoremediation of soil heavy metal pollution.[Methods...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different heavy metal stresses on seed germination,in order to provide a theoretical basis for phytoremediation of soil heavy metal pollution.[Methods]With the seeds of A.julibrissin as an experimental material,the germination test of A.julibrissin seeds under different concentrations of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+) and Pb^(2+) was carried out.The germination potential,germination rate,germination index,radicle length,embryo length and other indexes were measured.[Results]①Different heavy metals had different effects on the germination of A.julibrissin seeds.Low concentrations of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+) and Pb^(2+) stresses had certain promotion effects on the germination of A.julibrissin seeds,but high concentrations of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),Pb^(2+) stresses had obvious inhibitory effects on the germination of A.julibrissin seeds.②There were obvious differences in the tolerance of A.julibrissin seeds to different metal ion stresses.According to the comparison of the average values of membership functions,the order of their tolerance to different heavy metal ions was:Zn^(2+)>Cu^(2+)>Pb^(2+).[Conclusions]In the case of light pollution,the germination of A.julibrissin seeds was not inhibited,and the use of this plant for the remediation of lightly contaminated soil with heavy metals can also be considered.展开更多
文摘To investigate the potential role of allelopathy in plant interference and in the successful invasion of alien species Solidago canadensis, aqueous and ethanolic extracts from rhizomes, stems and leaves of S. canadensis were prepared and used as treatment solutions to assess their effects on seed germination and seedling growth in four target species, mulberry (Morus alba); morning glory (Pharbitis nil), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rape (Brassiea campestris). Reduction and/or growth in germination and growth of the target plant species in the presence of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts at different concentrations indicated that the responses were species-specific and concentration-dependent. Generally, ethanolic extracts (especially from leaves) imposed stronger effects on both seed germination and seedling growth. Extracts with lower concentration at 0.001 g/ml dw could stimulate the seedling growth of rape and morning glory, whereas extracts at any given concentrations have inhibitory effects on wheat and mulberry. It is suggested that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of all the three parts of S. canadensis have significant allelopathic effects. Although both inhibition and stimulation occurred in the germination and growth of the target species, extracts with higher concentrations definitely inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of all target plants. We suggest that allelopathy plays a more important role than other mechanisms do in the out-competition ofS. canadensis over other plants, and make it invasive in new habitats.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31470568)Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJ1401204)Program for Innovation Team Building of Yangtze Normal University(2014XJTD06)
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Torreya fargesii aril. [Method] By indoor bioassay, the effects of different con-centrations (10, 20,40, 80 g/L) of aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril on seed germination rate, seedling root length, seedling height, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and anti oxidative enzyme activities of radish, mustard and cabbage were analyzed and compared. [ Result] Different concentrations of aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of three crops, and the inhibitory effects were enhanced with the increase of concentration. Seedling height and fresh weight of three crops were improved by low concentrations of aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril and inhibited by high concentrations of aqueous extract. Overall, aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril exhibited allelopathic inhibitory effects on three crops, and the level of allelopath-ic inhibitory effects demonstrated a descending order of radish 〉 mustard 〉 cabbage. Compared with the control group, 80 g/L aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril almost significantly reduced seed germination rate, seedling root length, seedling height, fresh weight and chlorophyll content, and significantly improved MDA con-tent and antioxidative enzyme (SOD, CAT, POD) activities of radish, mustard and cabbage (P 〈 0 .0 5 ) . [ Conclusion] Aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril exhibited remarkable allelopathic inhibitory effects on seed germination of radish, mustard and cabbage, which indicated that there might be dormancy-associated germination in-hibiting allelochemicals in T. fargesii aril. This study provided theoretical basis for subsequent clarification of the mechanism of seed dormancy of T. fargesii.
基金Supported by Provincial Level Key Constructive Disciplines of Yunnan Province"Silviculture Fund"(xkz200906)
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to understand allelopathy of gaseous volatiles of Eupatorium adenophorum stems and leaves on seed germination and seedling growth of P/nus yunnanens/s. [ Method] P. yunnanens/s seeds were treated by fresh stems and leaves of E. adenophorum in translucent airtight container under high concentration (0.069 4 g/cm3 ), middle concentration (0.023 1 g/cm3 ) and lower concentration (0. 007 7 g/cm3 ), respectively. [ Result] Gaseous volatiles affected seed germination process; with the increasing processing concentration, the day on which seeds began to germinate and the day reaching germination peak were delayed, and the germination quantity on the day reaching germination peak was decreased ; the day on which the germination quantity began to significantly re- duce was delayed ; the process curve was developed from sudden increase and sudden decrease to gentle change, and nearly became a beeline at high concentration. The effects of gaseous volatiles on seed germination ( seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index) and seedling growth (fresh weight, dry weight, radicle length, hypceotyl length) of P. yunnanens/s were basically consistent, showing a regularity that high concentration had stronger inhibition effect and the inhibition effect became weaker with the decreasing concentration of E. adenophorum. E. adenophorum was widely distributed under P. yunnanens/s forests, and might affect natural regeneration and growth of P. yunnanens/s via allelopathy. [ Conclusion ] The paper provides reference for scientific management of P. yunnanens/s forests.
基金Supported by Gansu Provincial Forestry and Grassland Bureau Science and Technology Project(2019KJ089)Tianshui Science and Technology Program Support Project(2020NCK2106)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide reference for plant landscaping,optimization of planting structure and rational allocation of species in Cedrus deodara gardens.[Methods]With three common garden plants in northern China,Trifolium repens L.,Poa pratensis L.and Trifolium pratense L.,as receptors,the effects of four concentrations(0.025,0.05,0.075 and 0.10 g/ml)of C.deodara needle extract on seed germination and early seedling growth of the three turfgrasses were studied by the Petri dish filter paper method,using a clear water treatment(0 g/ml)as control check(CK).Data were subjected to analysis of variance(ANOVA)and multiple comparisons(Duncan)using SPSS16.0.[Results]Different concentrations of C.deodara needle extract had significant inhibitory effects on seed germination,radicle and seedling height growth of T.repens,T.pratense and P.pratensis(P<0.05),and the inhibitory effects increased with the increase of concentration.When the concentration reached 0.075 g/ml,seed germination and seedling growth of T.repens stopped,and radicle and seedling growth of T.pratense and P.pratensis also stopped.When the concentration was equal to 0.10 g/ml,germination of T.pratense and P.pratensis seeds was inhibited,and the absolute values of allelopathic index was the largest,that is,the inhibitory effects were the largest.And with the increase of concentration,the absolute value of synthetical allelopathic index also increased.The extract of C.deodara needles contained main allelochemicals leading to the scarcity of understory vegetation.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for reasonable garden plant configuration during C.deodara greening and garden landscaping.
文摘Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of low power microwave radiation on germination and growth rate in seeds. In the present paper, the bioeffects of low power (non-thermal intensity) microwave modulated with 1 KHz square wave have been studied. Experiments were performed in X-band frequencies using klystron based microwave test bench. Microwave parameters like frequency, power, exposure time and power density were varied while irradiating seed samples to study their influence on germination. The seed samples used for the experiment included wheat (Triticum aestivum), bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), green gram (Vigna radiate) and moth bean (Vigna Aconitifolia). Seed germination %, plant height, root length and dry matter % (biomass %) were recorded and compared with control seeds. The effects of different treatments were found to be stimulating the germination and seedling vigour of plants especially in power and exposure time treatments while increase in frequency and power density has reduced the seed germination and seedling vigour. The effect also varied with the nature of seeds.
基金Supported by Excellent Youth Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province(18B461)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2019NK4170)Double First-class Applied Characteristic Discipline in Hunan Province(Plant protection)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of the extracts of Asteraceae plants on plant seeds and seedlings.[Methods]The effects of the extracts of three Asteraceae plants(Erigeron annuus,Bidens pilosa and Inula japonica)on the seed germination and seedling growth of four plants(Setaria viridis,Erigeron canadensis,Chenopodium album and Lactuca sativa)were studied by the Petri dish filter paper method and bioassay method.[Results]Different concentrations(10,20,40,100,200 mg/ml)of the extracts of E.annuus,B.pilosa and I.japonica had different allelopathic effects on the seed germination of the same recipient plant,and with the increase of the concentrations of the extracts,the inhibitory effects were more significant.The extract of B.pilosa had the strongest inhibitory effect.The extracts at the low concentration(10 mg/ml)had no significant effects on the germination rates and germination energy of the four kinds of plant seeds.In terms of root growth and biomass,the extracts of E.annuus and I.japonica showed the effect of low promotion and high inhibition.Under the treatment with high concentrations(100,200 mg/ml)of the extracts from the three Asteraceae plants,the germination of plant seeds,plant root length,stem height and biomass were inhibited.With the concentrations of the extracts of the three Compositae plants increasing,the chlorophyll contents of the four plants showed a downward trend,and the activity of SOD,POD,CAT and other antioxidant protective enzymes showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.[Conclusions]These three species of Asteraceae plants had certain allelopathic inhibitory effects on the germination and growth of the four kinds of plant seeds,including S.viridis,E.canadensis,C.album and L.sativa,and they have potential in the development of botanical herbicides or plant protection.
文摘[Objective] The paper was to explore the effect of water extract of Erigeron canadensis L. on seed germination of plants. [Method] Using constant temperature culture method, the effects of water extracts of roots, stems and leaves of E. canadensis on seed germination of 14 species of test plants (crops and weeds) were studied. [Result] Water extracts of roots, stems and leaves of E. canadensis had obvious inhibition effect on seed germination of test plants. The water extract of leaves had the strongest inhibition effect, which could completely inhibit the seed germination of Crepis tectorum L., Amaranthus tricolor L. and Chrysanthemum coronarium L. under the lower concentrations of 0.050 and 0.075 g/ml, and completely inhibit seed germination of all the plants under the concentration of 0.400 g/ml except Zea maize L. and Allium fistulosum L.; followed by water extract of stems, and the water extract of roots had the lowest the inhibition effect, except for completely restraining seed germination of Lycopersicum esculentum L. under the concentration of 0.300 g/ml, it still could not completely restrain seed germination of the other plants under the highest concentration of 0.500 g/ml. The inhibition effect of water extract of E. canadensis on seed germination of plants had obvious selectivity, which had more obvious effect on dicotyledonous plants than monocotyledonous plants. [Conclusion] The study provided reference for screening and utilization of allelochemicals of E. canadensis and research on its allelopathy mechanism.
基金Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(GKZ 0832273)Laboratory for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Rocky Desertification in Karst Areas in Northwest Guangxi(XZF[2016]91)Hechi University Master s Professional Degree Construction Fund(2016HJA007).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different heavy metal stresses on seed germination,in order to provide a theoretical basis for phytoremediation of soil heavy metal pollution.[Methods]With the seeds of A.julibrissin as an experimental material,the germination test of A.julibrissin seeds under different concentrations of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+) and Pb^(2+) was carried out.The germination potential,germination rate,germination index,radicle length,embryo length and other indexes were measured.[Results]①Different heavy metals had different effects on the germination of A.julibrissin seeds.Low concentrations of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+) and Pb^(2+) stresses had certain promotion effects on the germination of A.julibrissin seeds,but high concentrations of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),Pb^(2+) stresses had obvious inhibitory effects on the germination of A.julibrissin seeds.②There were obvious differences in the tolerance of A.julibrissin seeds to different metal ion stresses.According to the comparison of the average values of membership functions,the order of their tolerance to different heavy metal ions was:Zn^(2+)>Cu^(2+)>Pb^(2+).[Conclusions]In the case of light pollution,the germination of A.julibrissin seeds was not inhibited,and the use of this plant for the remediation of lightly contaminated soil with heavy metals can also be considered.