Antecedents and performance consequences of governance structures in R&D alliances

Traditionally governance structures are classified into ＂hierarchy or market＂ or ＂equity or non-equity.＂ However,such classifications may not be effective in characterizing all governance structures of research and development（R D） alliances.Therefore,the first objective of this study is to investigate why there exist different organizational governance structures in managing R D alliances;the second objective of this study is to give strategic advice in choosing appropriate forms with respect to various characteristics of R D alliances.Through the theoretical lens that integrate both transaction cost economics（TCE） and the resource-based view（RBV）,a model that focuses on six major factors is developed for determining governance structure choices,namely,technological uncertainty,cultural difference,asset specificity,technology complementarity,appropriability of the individual firm＇s know-how,and trust.An R D alliance with higher technological uncertainty,larger cultural differences,and greater concerns for protecting an individual＇s know-how is more likely to adopt non-integrated alliances as the governing structure.An R D alliance with a higher degree of asset-specificity,greater technology complementarity and greater trust among partnering organizations is more likely to adopt integrated alliances as the governing structure;an R D alliance in the face of lower technological uncertainty will tend to adopt integrated alliances.The more aligned the choice of the governance structure with its determinants,the better the R D alliance will perform,and vice versa.

Study on the knowledge management of strategic alliances in high technology enterprises

With the development of knowledge economy, the competition between high teehnology enterprises has gradually evolved into the competition of core competence based on knowledge, because high technology enterprises are typical knowledge-based enterprises. Few enterprises, especially for high technology firms, have all of the knowledge they need to compete effectively in the marketplace both at home and abroad, so more and more high technology companies are taking the advantage of strategic alliances to get their complementary knowledge. Since knowledge is the source of an enterprise＇ s competitiveness, knowledge management has become the most important means for enterprises to gain competitive advantage. There has been an increased growth in the literature on strategic alliances in recent decades. But what is less discussed in the existing literature on strategic alliances is the issue of knowledge management of strategic alliances in high technology enterprises. Based on the characteristics of strategic alliances in high technology enterprises, and in line with the implication and the goal of knowledge management, this study tries to delve into this issue. The paper analyzes the key factors relevant to the knowledge management of strategic alliances in high technology enterprises and proposes guidelines on the process and measures that should be taken in the knowledge management of strategic alliances in high technology enterprises.

Study on the main factors that contribute to the success or failure of strategic alliances

Strategic alliance is an effective way for enterprise to realize its development and to enhance its competitiveness; however, the success rate of strategic alliances is less than fifty percent. According to this problem, this paper makes systematic research on the factors that relevant to the failure or success of strategic alliance based on comprehensive analysis on internal and external motivation for the formation of strategic alliance, the purpose of which is to give some references and supports for successfully constructing the strategic alliance.

Managing Strategic Alliances in China （2） --- Analysis and Successful Factors

A creating effective strategic alliance is a useful method for the global expansion of intemational companies and managing strategic alliances is an important research project to the success of strategic alliances. This paper focuses on the practical problems of strategic alliances in China and explores how to manage such alliances. This research aims to introduce the basic background of strategic alliances, analyze the primary reason for the current situation of strategic alliances, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of strategic alliances, then give the successful factors managing strategic alliances and discuss what should be done in future research about strategic alliances.

The Research Mode Concerning with Chinese Enterprises Dynamic Strategic Alliances and Risk Defenses

China enterprises should develop dynamic strategic alliances if they want to participate in global contests and share strategic targets of global resources. The effective risk defenses system must be set up to make dynamic strategic alliances run successfully. This paper puts forward a mode of risk defenses internal system through analyzing the facts of China enterprises dynamic strategic alliances＇ creative models.

Investigating the Effect of External Alliances on Innovation Behavior in the European Union Industrial Sector

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of collaboration with suppliers and lead users in new product development (NPD) on innovation behavior. Such collaborations are regarded as advanced forms of external alliances. Survey data from two hundred and fifty-two manufacturing companies were collected from the European Union. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that both suppliers’ and lead users’ collaboration in NPD significantly affected innovation behavior. Lead users’ collaboration showed higher impact on innovation behavior compared with suppliers’ collaboration.

An Analysis of Knowledge Sharing Approaches for Emerging-technology-based Strategic Alliances in Electronic Industry

Emerging technologies are now initiating new industries and transforming old ones with tremendous power. They are different games compared with established technologies with distinctive characteristics of knowledge management in knowledge-based and technological-innovation-based competition. How to obtain knowledge advantage and enhance competences by knowledge sharing for emerging-technology-based strategic alliances （ETBSA） is what we concern in this paper. On the basis of our previous work on emerging technologies＇ distinctive attributes, we counter the wide spread presumption that the primary purpose of strategic alliances is knowledge acquiring by means of learning. We offers new insight into the knowledge sharing approaches of ETBSAs - the knowledge integrating approach by which each member firm integrates its partner＇s complementary knowledge base into the products and services and maintains its own knowledge specialization at the same time. So that ETBSAs should plan and practice their knowledge sharing strategies from the angle of knowledge integrating rather than knowledge acquiring. A four-dimensional framework is developed to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these two knowledge sharing approaches. Some cases in electronic industry are introduced to illustrate our point of view.

A Study of Learning Strategic Alliances from an Evolutionary Perspective

We present and strategic alliance partnerships from an an exploratory framework based on an amalgamation of organizational learning literatures. It highlights the importance of understanding learning in alliance evolutionary perspective. The research proposes that as alliances progress from awareness through commitment phases, learning priorities change

Analysis of the Legal Relation Among Members of Dynamic Alliances and Own ership of Intellectual Property

During the course of knowledge economic, setting up e nterprise dynamic alliances is gradually becoming the most effective way for the enterprises, which seek fast development. There are many researches about enter prise dynamic alliances in other fields, but there is few research about leg al relationship among members of enterprise dynamic alliances and ownership of i ntellectual property achievements which are brought by dynamic alliances. Th is paper discusses legal relationship among members of dynamic alliances and own ership of intellectual property achievements under various legal relationshi ps from the point of view of law.

The Impact of“America First”on US-ROK and US-Japan Alliances

Under the“America First”foreign policy,the Trump administration has taken a series of measures toward its East Asian allies the Republic of Korea(ROK)and Japan,in order to force them to make substantial concessions on defense cost-sharing and trade issues.As a result,concerns over the reliability of the alliance with the United States have been raised in the two countries,posing new challenges to the US-ROK and US-Japan alliances.

On Factors for Successful Strategic Alliances

The study on strategic alliance has been a hot point in academic cycle. The paper＇s subject is to make a deep analysis on the factors for the successful strategic alliances. On the basis of the study and analysis on domestic and foreign literatures, the paper abstracts three criterions to measure the success of strategic alliance and discusses the related factors which will influence the success of strategic alliance from three aspects in the selection of partner, the design on the alliance structure and the management of the alliance.

Theoretical Considerations of Vocational Education School-Enterprise Cooperation Alliances Based on Institutional Mechanism Innovation

In the current global economic landscape, vocational education plays a vital role in nurturing technical and vocational skills while serving as a driving force for societal development and innovation. However, the vocational education sector faces challenges related to educational quality, employment rates, and alignment with industries. School-enterprise cooperation alliances have emerged as crucial mechanisms to enhance vocational education. This paper explores theoretical considerations of vocational education school-enterprise cooperation alliances, emphasizing institutional and mechanistic innovation. The study investigates key aspects, including formation, development, operational models, and effects and evaluations of such alliances. Through comprehensive research, this paper aims to provide theoretical support and policy recommendations for the sustainable advancement of vocational education school-enterprise cooperation alliances. The research’s significance lies in its potential to influence collaboration between educational institutions and businesses, impact students’ career development, and contribute to societal economic growth.

Partitioning a Graph into Defensive k-Alliances

A defensive k-alliance in a graph is a set S of vertices with the property that every vertex in S has at least k more neighbors in S than it has outside of S. A defensive k-alliance S is called global if it forms a dominating Set. In this paper we study the problem of partitioning the vertex set of a graph into （global） defensive k-alliances. The （global） defensive k-alliance partition number of a graph Г = （V, E）, ψkgd（F）） ψkd（F）, is defined to be the maximum number of sets in a partition of V such that each set is a （global） defensive k-alliance. We obtain tight bounds on ψkd（F） and ψkgd（F） in terms of several parameters of the graph including the order, size, maximum and minimum degree, the algebraic connectivity and the isoperimetric number. Moreover, we study the close relationships that exist among partitions of F1 × F2 into （global） defensive （kl ＋ k2）-alliances and partitions of Fi into （global） defensive ki-alliances, i ∈ {1, 2}.

Research on Alliance Decision of Dual-Channel Remanufacturing Supply Chain Considering Bidirectional Free-Riding and Cost-Sharing

This study delves into the formation dynamics of alliances within a closed-loop supply chain(CLSC)that encom-passes a manufacturer,a retailer,and an e-commerce platform.It leverages Stackelberg game for this exploration,contrasting the equilibrium outcomes of a non-alliance model with those of three differentiated alliance models.The non-alliance model acts as a crucial benchmark,enabling the evaluation of the motivations for various supply chain entities to engage in alliance formations.Our analysis is centered on identifying the most effective alliance strategies and establishing a coordination within these partnerships.We thoroughly investigate the consequences of diverse alliance behaviors,bidirectional free-riding and cost-sharing,and the resultant effects on the optimal decision-making among supply chain actors.The findings underscore several pivotal insights:(1)The behavior of alliances within the supply chain exerts variable impacts on the optimal pricing and demand of its members.In comparison to the non-alliance(D)model,the manufacturer-retailer(MR)and manufacturer-e-commerce platform(ME)alliances significantly lower both offline and online resale prices for new and remanufactured goods.This adjustment leads to an enhanced demand for products via the MR alliance’s offline outlets and the ME alliance’s online platforms,thereby augmenting the profits for those within the alliance.Conversely,retailer-e-commerce platform(ER)alliance tends to increase the optimal retail price and demand across both online and offline channels.Under specific conditions,alliance behavior can also increase the profits of non-alliance members,and the profits derived through alliance channels also exceed those from non-alliance channels.(2)The prevalence of bidirectional free-riding behavior largely remains constant across different alliance configurations.Across these models,bidirectional free-riding typically elevates the equilibrium prices in offline channel while negatively affecting the equilibrium prices in other channel.(3)The effect of cost-sharing shows relative uniformity across the various alliance models.Across all configurations,cost-sharing tends to reduce the manufacturer’s profits.Nonetheless,alliances initiated by the manufacturer can counteract these negative impacts,providing a strategic pathway to bolster CLSC profitability.

An Energy Trading Method Based on Alliance Blockchain and Multi-Signature

Blockchain,known for its secure encrypted ledger,has garnered attention in financial and data transfer realms,including the field of energy trading.However,the decentralized nature and identity anonymity of user nodes raise uncertainties in energy transactions.The broadcast consensus authentication slows transaction speeds,and frequent single-point transactions in multi-node settings pose key exposure risks without protective measures during user signing.To address these,an alliance blockchain scheme is proposed,reducing the resource-intensive identity verification among nodes.It integrates multi-signature functionality to fortify user resources and transac-tion security.A novel multi-signature process within this framework involves neutral nodes established through central nodes.These neutral nodes participate in multi-signature’s signing and verification,ensuring user identity and transaction content privacy.Reducing interactions among user nodes enhances transaction efficiency by minimizing communication overhead during verification and consensus stages.Rigorous assessments on reliability and operational speed highlight superior security performance,resilient against conventional attack vectors.Simulation shows that compared to traditional solutions,this scheme has advantages in terms of running speed.In conclusion,the alliance blockchain framework introduces a novel approach to tackle blockchain’s limitations in energy transactions.The integrated multi-signature process,involving neutral nodes,significantly enhances security and privacy.The scheme’s efficiency,validated through analytical assessments and simulations,indicates robustness against security threats and improved transactional speeds.This research underscores the potential for improved security and efficiency in blockchain-enabled energy trading systems.

Research on Operation Optimization of Energy Storage Power Station and Integrated Energy Microgrid Alliance Based on Stackelberg Game

With the development of renewable energy technologies such as photovoltaics and wind power,it has become a research hotspot to improve the consumption rate of new energy and reduce energy costs through the deployment of energy storage.To solve the problem of the interests of different subjects in the operation of the energy storage power stations(ESS)and the integrated energy multi-microgrid alliance(IEMA),this paper proposes the optimization operation method of the energy storage power station and the IEMA based on the Stackelberg game.In the upper layer,ESS optimizes charging and discharging decisions through a dynamic pricing mechanism.In the lower layer,IEMA optimizes the output of various energy conversion coupled devices within the IEMA,as well as energy interaction and demand response(DR),based on the energy interaction prices provided by ESS.The results demonstrate that the optimization strategy proposed in this paper not only effectively balances the benefits of the IEMA and ESS but also enhances energy consumption rates and reduces IEMA energy costs.

WAA and Informa Tech hold a roundtable meeting in Barcelona

The World WLAN Application Alliance(WAA),a non-profit independent organization,and Informa Tech held the roundtable meeting themed creating a secure and sustainable home Wi-Fi network on February 28 in Barcelona,Spain.Sponsored by Huawei Technologies Co..

Japan’s Quasi-Alliance Strategy:Motivations,Practices and Constraints

The quasi-alliance strategy is part of the national security strategy and lies in the grey area between alliance and neutrality.1 In recent years,major countries,including Japan,have positioned quasi-alliance as a feasible unwritten option in their respective national security strategies.2 Japan’s quasialliance strategy was already in its infancy when former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe first came to power in September 2006 but was put on hold after his resignation in September 2007.

Evolution of United States Technology Alliance Strategy and Reshaping of International Strategic Landscape

Building a technology alliance is the main strategy for the United States to maintain its scientific and technological hegemony under its technopolitical strategic framework.After Joe Biden took office,the United States implemented“small yard with high fences”strategy for scientific and technological competition,as the first step toward building a technology alliance.The main goal is to restrict the flow of strategic emerging technologies and factors of innovation to rival countries.

A Study on the Structural Contradictions in the US-Turkey Alliance Relations

After the Cold War and especially since the Justice and Development Party administration led by Erdogan,the US-Turkey alliance relations have declined.The two countries have sharp structural contradictions on a series of issues.Due to the profound geopolitical landscape changes,the interdependence on security and defense between the United States and Turkey has been severely weakened,leading to significant divergence in threat definition and pursuit of interests.Turkey has continuously enhanced its diplomatic autonomy,seeking to change its weak position in the original alliance relations,and striving to become a regional leader.These structural contradictions inevitably trigger the hedging of policies and interests between the United States and Turkey.