Allium自膨胀覆膜支架治疗复杂性输尿管狭窄的远期安全性及有效性评价

目的:评估Allium自膨胀覆膜支架治疗复杂性输尿管狭窄的长期疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2020年4月至2021年12月,在重庆医科大学第一附属医院泌尿外科置入Allium自膨胀覆膜支架的输尿管狭窄患者临床资料及长期随访结果。对符合正态分布的关键性指标行配对样本T检验,对不符合正态分布指标行相关样本非参数检验。结果:通过排除标准严格选择后,本研究共纳入22例通过内镜下Allium自膨胀覆膜支架置入的输尿管狭窄患者。平均年龄为(48.3±10.6)岁,中位随访时间为36.5个月。手术时间为86(35~270)min,围术期没有严重并发症发生。随访结果显示,有17例(77.3%)覆膜支架始终保持在位且通畅,其中16例随访终点时肾积水消失,1例由术前重度积水改善为轻度积水。1例患者因肾积水无法缓解选择拔出支架后行机器人输尿管重建手术。4例患者因并发结石取出支架,其中1例患者取出支架后无肾积水,1例患者积水减轻,其余2例患者仍为重度积水,但尿液排泄通畅无腰痛症状。随访期间患者未见明显手术并发症及严重支架管相关症状。患者的术前平均血肌酐浓度为(103.6±31.1)μmol/L,终末随访时血肌酐浓度下降为(102.2±27.7)μmol/L,差异无统计学意义(P=0.942)。最大肾积水宽度术前为(5.9±2.1)cm,术后为(1.7±1.2)cm,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。与术后相比,终末最大肾积水宽度为(0.35±0.25)cm,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。结论:Allium自膨胀覆膜支架管在复杂输尿管狭窄治疗的长期观察中能有效改善患者肾积水。支架管症状、疼痛、感染等并发症保持较低的发生率,并且可长期留置,减少患者更换支架的频率。

Flower morphology of Allium(Amaryllidaceae)and its systematic significance

Allium is a complicated genus that includes approximately 1000 species.Although its morphology is well studied,the taxonomic importance of many morphological traits,including floral traits,are poorly understood.Here,we examined and measured the floral characteristics of 87 accessions of 74 Allium taxa(belonging to 30 sections and nine subgenera)from Central to Eastern Asian countries.We then examined the taxonomic relationships between select flower characteristics and a phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences.Our results confirm that floral morphology provides key taxonomic information to assess species delimitation in Allium.We found that perianth color is an important characteristic within the subg.Melanocrommyum,Polyprason,and Reticulatobulbosa.In subg.Allium,Cepa,and Rhizirideum,significant characteristics include ovary shape,perianth shape,and inner tepal apex.For species in subg.Angunium,the key taxonomic character is ovule number(only one ovule in per locule).In the subg.Allium,Cepa,Polyprason,and Reticulatobulbosa,which belong to the third evolutionary line of Allium,hood-like appendages occur in the ovary,although these do not occur in subg.Rhizirideum.Our results also indicated that the flower morphology of several species in some sections are not clearly distinguished,e.g.,sect.Sacculiferum(subg.Cepa)and sect.Tenuissima(subg.Rhizirideum).This study provides detailed photographs and descriptions of floral characteristics and information on general distributions,habitats,and phenology of the studied taxa.

Integrating high-volume molecular and morphological data into the evolutionary studies of Allium

The genus Allium(Amaryllidaceae),which includes economically important plants such as onions,garlic,and leeks,is one of the most species-rich and diverse genera of monocotyledon plants in the Northern Hemisphere(Govaerts et al.,2021),with approximately 1000 species.The evolution of Allium is characterized by ecological diversification,with most species preferring open.

Phylotranscriptomic discordance is best explained by incomplete lineage sorting within Allium subgenus Cyathophora and thus hemiplasy accounts for interspecific trait transition

The transition of traits between genetically related lineages is a fascinating topic that provides clues to understanding the drivers of speciation and diversification.Much can be learned about this process from phylogeny-based trait evolution.However,such inference is often plagued by genome-wide gene-tree discordance(GTD),mostly due to incomplete lineage sorting(ILS)and/or introgressive hybridization,especially when the genes underlying the traits appear discordant.Here,by collecting transcriptomes,whole chloroplast genomes(cpDNA),and population genetic datasets,we used the coalescent model to turn GTD into a source of information for ILS and employed hemiplasy to explain specific cases of apparent“phylogenetic discordance”between different morphological traits and probable species phylogeny in the Allium subg.Cyathophora.Both concatenation and coalescence methods consistently showed the same phylogenetic topology for species tree inference based on single-copy genes(SCGs),as supported by the KS distribution.However,GTD was high across the genomes of subg.Cyathophora:~27%e38.9%of the SCG trees were in conflict with the species tree.Plasmid and nuclear incongruence was also present.Our coalescent simulations indicated that such GTD was mainly a product of ILS.Our hemiplasy risk factor calculations supported that random fixation of ancient polymorphisms in different populations during successive speciation events along the subg.Cyathophora phylogeny may have caused the character transition,as well as the anomalous cpDNA tree.Our study exemplifies how phylogenetic noise can be transformed into evolutionary information for understanding character state transitions along species phylogenies.

The Beneficial Effects of Components of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the Poultry Industry

Plant-based antimicrobial agents are readily available, cost-effective, and exhibit low toxicity, making them promising alternatives in combatting microbial infections. Among these plants, garlic (Allium sativum) stands out for its traditional medicinal use in effectively combating various microorganisms. In the poultry industry, preventing avian virus and bacterial infections is paramount for chicken husbandry. However, using conventional drugs poses potential risks to human health. Garlic, a widely used Asian plant in traditional medicine for various pathologies, has shown potential as an herbal prophylactic remedy against viral and bacterial infections. Recently, researchers explored garlic and its derivatives as a scientific strategy in veterinary practices for diverse purposes, such as improving poultry production characteristics and acting as antibiotic growth promoters. This comprehensive review delves into garlic and its derivatives as preventive and corrective treatments for viral diseases in laying hens and broilers. The paper highlights their potential effectiveness and safety as a natural means to enhance poultry health and welfare while mitigating the risks associated with conventional drug usage in the food industry.

Physicochemical and Biochemical Characterization, Total Phenolic and Energy Value from Bulbs of Different Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties in Senegal

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties of some local varieties of onion (Allium cepa L.) and compare them with an imported variety, all collected in May 2021. Proteins, reducing sugars, lipids, and polyphenol content were estimated according to the AFNOR standardized methods. The determination of calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium and phosphorus was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results highlighted an average acidity of 0.377% ± 0.002% lower than the value of the imported variety which is 0.520% ± 0.001%. Local varieties have a pH ranging from 6.35 ± 0.003 to 6.42 ± 0.004, while the variety has a pH of 6.36 ± 0.003. The ash and dry matter contents vary respectively from 4.788% ± 0.004% to 8.253% ± 0.003% and 7.945% ± 0.021% to 11.945% ± 0.007% for the local varieties. Moreover, the imported one has ash and dry matter contents of 5.175% ± 0.007% and 10.035% ± 0.021% respectively. The results show that the protein, reducing sugar and lipid contents in the local onion varieties vary respectively from 2.815 ± 0.000 to 15.634 ± 0.001 g·100 g-1;4.691 ± 0.001 to 12.596 ± 0.002 g·100 g-1 and 0.006 ± 0.001 to 0.050 ± 0.057 g·100 g-1. Furthermore, the imported variety has a protein, reducing sugar and lipid content of 5.649 ± 0.002;8.565 ± 0.002 g·100 g-1 and 0.011 ± 0.010 g·100 g-1 respectively. The maximum levels of total polyphenols are obtained in the imported variety, Bellani and Gandiol, respectively 9.973 ± 0.001, 4.535 ± 0.002, and 3.425 ± 0.006 mg EAG/g of dry matter. The local varieties have a significant calorific intake of between 35.451 ± 0.001 and 112.980 ± 0.003 kcal·100 g-1 compared to the imported one with an energy value of 56.953 ± 0.001 kcal·100 g-1 of dry matter. The bulbs of different onion varieties studied have a fairly high content of mineral elements. The potassium content of local varieties is between 502.16 ± 0.06 mg·100 g-1 and 582.77 ± 0.04 mg·100 g-1 while the imported variety has a content of 536.62 ± 1.30 mg·100 g-1. They note that the local varieties have a better calcium content (249.75 ± 0.07 to 434.20 ± 0.57 mg·100 g-1) and magnesium (142.15 ± 0.07 to 162.60 ± 0.42 mg·100 g-1) than the imported variety (229.58 ± 0.04 mg·100 g-1) except for the varieties White Grano (228.29 ± 0.01 mg·100 g-1) and Rouge Amposta (117.00 ± 0.42 mg·100 g-1) respectively. These results reveal that Gandiol, Dayo and Orient F1 are nutritionally found better due to their higher antioxidant property, proteins, carbohydrates, and reducing sugar and should be included in diets to supplement our daily allowance needed by the body.

Occurrence and Control of Main Pest Groups in Allium tuberosum Fields in Shijiazhuang

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the species and occurrence patterns of main pests in the Chinese chive(Allium tuberosum)fields in Shijiazhuang.[Methods]Our research group conducted a systematic investigation on the types and occurrence of major pests in Chinese chive fields in Shijiazhuang from April 2019 to November 2020 using the Malaise net method.[Results]The main pests harming Chinese chives in the region included Thrips tabaci,Bradysia odoriphaga,Luperomorpha suturalis,Acrolepla alliella,Liriomyza chinensis,and Neotoxoptera formosana.The pest populations in the region mainly experienced two peak periods,from mid June to mid July and from late August to late September.Meanwhile,corresponding green prevention and control measures were proposed based on the occurrence characteristics and biological characteristics of different pests in local chive fields.[Conclusions]Predicting the occurrence of pests in Chinese chive fields can provide basis for farmers to take timely prevention and control measures,reduce the damage of pests in the field to Chinese chives and realize high-quality production of Chinese chive.

Allium球部尿道支架用于男性复发性复杂尿道狭窄的治疗体会

目的:初步评价置入Allium球部尿道支架治疗男性复发性复杂尿道狭窄的疗效及并发症。方法:回顾性分析2020年2月至2022年12月厦门大学附属第一医院收治的外伤骨盆骨折术后患者15例,其中14例曾行尿道成形术,1例行尿道狭窄内切开术2次,8例有多次尿道狭窄球囊扩张病史。采用全麻下经尿道输尿管镜下球囊扩张尿道狭窄后置入Allium支架,7例患者经会阴部固定支架,8例未行固定。术后第一天夹闭膀胱造瘘管,开始观察患者的排尿情况,并行骨盆平片了解Allium支架位置。门诊随访尿流率,观察疗效及并发症发生情况。结果:13例患者术后第1天即可排尿,8例患者术后4d~3个月因支架发生远端移位进行调整或更换新支架,其中包括2例之前已行支架固定的患者,2例出现排尿不适,1例发生明显肉眼血尿,4例术后息肉堵塞支架,1例支架内膜多发细小结石。留置时间为2~11个月,平均5.5个月,平均随访11.9个月(2~24个月),术后最大尿流率(Qmax)平均值为10.6ml/s,排尿满意者8例(53.3%)。结论:Allium球部尿道支架治疗失败的主要原因与术后支架移位有关,可临时用于治疗尿道成形术后复发而不愿或不适宜手术的患者。

Production of autotetraploid plants by in vitro chromosome engineering in Allium hirtifolium

Persian shallot has been propagated vegetatively through daughter bulbs and has a narrow genetic base.In the present study,to create genetic diversity in terms of ploidy level,the effects of in vitro polyploidization were investigated on morphological,physiological and phytochemical traits.Different colchicine treatments(0,0.3%,0.5% and 0.7% concentrations)for 24,36 and 48 h and oryzalin treatments(0,0.001%,0.002% and 0.004% concentrations)for 4,6 and 8 h were used.A sterile basal plate of bulbs was used for the induction of polyploidy in liquid and solid media.After obtaining plantlets,root tip chromosomes were counted for the determination of ploidy levels.Flow cytometry was performed to confirm the chromosome counting results.The regenerated diploid and tetraploid plantlets were transferred to ex vitro conditions.Colchicine and oryzalin were both successful in inducing polyploids and the polyploids induced were tetraploids and mixoploids.The highest induction of polyploidy was obtained in solid media using 0.5%(w/v)colchicine for 36 h(35.0% polyploidy induction)and in 0.001%(w/v)Oryzalin for 8 h(45.5% polyploidy induction).Differences in plantlet height and weight,bulblet weight,density,stomatal width and length,and chlorophyll content were observed between tetraploid and diploid plants.Chromosome duplication,as a result of tetraploid induction,significantly influenced the antioxidant content and enzyme activities.The results showed that total phenolic content,allicin,and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in the tetraploid plantlets than that in the diploid plantlets.SRAP loci polymorphisms indicated that the 12 autotetraploid plants(with high allicin content)had different genotypes from the parental diploid plant.Besides,in vitro polyploidy induction not only duplicated chromosomes but also altered the DNA sequence in Allium hirtifolium.In vitro induction of tetraploids in A.hirtifolium can be a reliable way to obtain suitable plant material for breeding programs to generate new genotypic variations.

Characteristics and expression of the TCP transcription factors family in Allium senescens reveal its potential roles in drought stress responses

Allium senescens,is an important economic and ecological grassland plant with drought-resistant characteristics.A TCP protein transcription factor is important in the regulation of plant development and adverse responses.However,the mechanism by which TCP transcription functions in drought resistance in Allium senescens is still not clear.Here,we obtained a total of 190,305 transcripts with 115,562 single gene clusters based on RNA-Seq sequencing of Allium senescens under drought stress.The total number of bases was 97,195,096 bp,and the average length was 841.06 bp.Furthermore,we found that there were eight genes of the TCP family that showed an upregulated expression trend under drought stress in Allium senescens.We carried out an investigation to determine the evolution and function of the AsTCP family and how they produce an effect in drought resistance.The 14 AsTCP genes were confirmed and divided into class I and class II containing CIN and CYC/TBI subfamilies,respectively.We also found that the expression of AsTCP17 was remarkably upregulated with drought treatment.Besides,the transformation of AsTCP17 in Arabidopsis revealed that the protective enzymes,namely polyphenol oxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD),were increased by 0.4 and 0.8 times,respectively.Chlorophyll content was also increased,while the H2O2 and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents were decreased.Staining assays with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine(DAB)also suggested that the AsTCP17 downregulates reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation.In addition,overexpression of the AsTCP17 affected the accumulation of drought-related hormones in plants,and the synthesis of ABA.The expression of AtSVP and AtNCED3,related ABA synthesis pathway genes,indicated that the level of expression of AtSVP and AtNCED3 was obviously enhanced,with the overexpression of line 6 showing a 20.6-fold and 7.0-fold increase,respectively.Taken together,our findings systematically analyze the AsTCPs family at the transcriptome expression level in Allium senescens,and we also demonstrated that AsTCP17 protein,as a positive regulator,was involved in drought resistance of Allium senescens.In addition,our research contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the drought stress defense mechanism in herbaceous plants.

Allium覆膜支架在泌尿外科中的临床应用

输尿管支架是泌尿外科的重要武器,可用于上尿路引流、治疗输尿管狭窄、解除尿路梗阻等方面。随着医疗技术的发展及科技的进步,新型输尿管支架层出不穷,比如Resonance支架、尿道金属支架、Allium覆膜支架等,其中以Allium覆膜支架为代表的新型输尿管支架在泌尿外科治疗中得到广泛的应用。本文就Allium覆膜支架在泌尿外科的临床应用中展开论述。

Allium支架植入后移位的原因分析与处理方法探讨

目的分析Allium支架移位的原因并探讨其处理方法。方法回顾性分析本院2例行Allium支架置入术后发生覆膜支架向上移位患者的临床资料和随访结果。结果2例患者术后均出现Allium支架移位,且均有结核病史。第一位患者累计放置3次Allium支架,并成功运用球囊辅助调整1次Allium支架位置,前2次留置Allium支架后均出现移位,第3次改进留置Allium支架手术方法,术后3个月未发现移位且肾积水明显减轻,现在进行规律复查;第二位患者放置Allium支架7个月后出现移位,球囊辅助调整Allium支架位置后留置2根双J管,留置1月后复查肾积水减轻,现双J管已拔除。结论Allium支架是治疗输尿管狭窄的有效方法,移位是其常见并发症,多发于UPJO及UVJO患者,但减少肾盂段长度和增加膀胱段长度可降低覆膜支架移位的风险;结核可能是Allium支架移位的危险因素;对于早期轻度的Allium支架移位患者,临床医生应积极尝试手术方法来调整支架位置。

Allium覆膜输尿管支架长期留置治疗输尿管狭窄的疗效分析

目的分析采用Allium覆膜输尿管支架长期留置治疗输尿管狭窄的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2020年8月—2022年12月在陆军军医大学第二附属医院因输尿管狭窄行内镜下Allium覆膜输尿管支架置入术治疗的患者的临床资料,记录患者手术情况及术后随访期内的不良反应事件发生情况,对患者术前和术后1、3、6、12个月的血肌酐、血尿素氮、肾小球滤过率(GFR)、超声下肾盂宽度等数据进行比较。结果共纳入52例患者,其输尿管狭窄长度1.1(0.7~2.0)cm。所有患者均手术顺利,手术时间82.5(70~114)min,术中出血量20(10~20)mL;术后住院天数1(1~2)d;术后随访时间(13.2±7.8)个月,其中有14例患者发生支架移位,5例患者出现结石阻塞支架管,7例患者出现偶尔活动后血尿,9例患者出现间歇性腰腹部疼痛,1例患者出现反复泌尿系感染;术后1、3、6、12个月的血肌酐、血尿素氮、超声下肾盂宽度较术前均明显降低,GFR均明显升高。结论Allium覆膜输尿管支架长期留置治疗输尿管狭窄疗效可观,但支架移位发生率高,应引起重视。

Radioprotective Potencies of Allium Cepa Extract (ACE) against Radiation-Induced Hepatoxicity in Wistar Rats

Background and Purpose: All types of ionizing radiations generate ions which can lead to the formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess production of free radicals or decrease in antioxidants level leads to oxidative stress. It is a harmful process that induces damage to cell structures, lipids, proteins, RNA and DNA which leads to a number of diseases. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of plant extract (Allium Cepa Extract (ACE)) on the kidney of wistar rats exposed to radiation using and assaying some biochemical enzymes. Material and Method: 60 wistar rats weighing 170 ± 20 g were equally divided into six groups for the study. Group 1 (control): neither received ACE nor irradiation. Group 2 (ACE): received 1000 mg/Kg b.wt of ACE. Group 3 (4 Gy-Irradiated): were exposed to 4 Gy TBI on day 14. Group 4 (6 Gy-Irradiated): were exposed to 6 Gy TBI on day 14. Group 5 (ACE + 4 Gy): were treated with 1000 mg/Kg b.wt of ACE once daily for twenty-eight days but exposed to 4 Gy TBI on day 14. Group 6 (ACE + 6 Gy): were treated with 1000 mg/Kg b.wt of ACE once daily for twenty-eight days but exposed to 6 Gy TBI on day 14. All the groups received distilled water and feed ad libitum during the acclimatization and experimental periods. Four animals in each group were sacrificed 24 h after irradiation and the 4 remaining animals were sacrificed on day 29 for biochemical assay and histopathological evaluation, the statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the data editor SPSS version 28. Results: From the biochemical enzymes, the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in group 2 when compared to group 1 was almost the same, which was not statically significant with (p > 0.05), but groups 3 and 4 show a significant increase in the level of MDA with (p < 0.05) while group 5 and 6 showed no significant increase in MAD with (p > 0.05). The other enzymes like SOD, CAT, GST, and GSH followed suit. Conclusion: From the results it is a clear indication that Allium Cepa Extract can ameliorate the effect of radiation induced disease.

Inventory and Management of Fungi Associated with Banana Plant through the Use of Allium ampeloprasum and Cymbopogon citratus Extracts

Despite the nutritional, economic and medicinal values of banana plant, independent of the region and production system is confronted with some diseases such as the fungi disease. These fungal diseases are responsible for the low yields. The objective of this study was to improve the sanitary state of banana plant. To achieve this objective, fungi associated with banana leaves were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) culture medium and their identification was done on the basis of morphological and microscopic characteristics using reference documents. Antifungal activity of Allium ampeloprasum and Cymbopogon citratus extracts were evaluated in vitro on agar medium on the development of Pseudocercospora fijiensis, P. musicola and Pestalopsis sp. The results showed that banana plant harbours a diversity of fungal species, the most frequent being P. fijiensis (51.58%), Pestalopsis sp. (15.47%) and P. musicola (12.03%). Aqueous extracts of C. citratus at the concentration of 15 mg/ml, inhibited 100% of the radial growth of P. fijiensis and Pestalopsis sp with a fungitoxic activity. Similarly, ethanolic extract A. ampeloprasum inhibited at 100% the radial growth of Pestalopsis sp. This antifungal activity was fungistatic. These results suggest that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the tested plants could be used as alternatives to chemical products in the fight against banana diseases especially Sigatoka. Hence further studies need to be undertaken to isolate the active compounds from these extracts with fungicidal potential.

Allium覆膜金属输尿管支架置入治疗输尿管狭窄的疗效评价

目的初步评价置入Allium覆膜金属输尿管支架治疗输尿管狭窄的疗效及并发症。方法回顾性分析2018年8月至2019年4月收治的39例诊断输尿管狭窄的患者资料,男22例,女17例;年龄18~67岁,平均(46±10)岁。术前B超及CTU检查均提示患侧肾脏积水,7例患者为双侧狭窄,共46侧输尿管狭窄。采用输尿管镜经尿道逆行置入Allium支架,均通过X线造影的方式确定狭窄部位并且在透视下留置支架。术后1个月及3个月复查B超、血肌酐,如出现反复发热或置入侧腰痛等梗阻症状则提前复查。随访观察疗效及并发症发生情况。结果本组46侧输尿管狭窄中,36侧输尿管狭窄置入1根Allium支架,3侧输尿管狭窄串联式置入2根Allium支架,7侧输尿管狭窄串联式置入3根Allium支架。术后随访3~9个月。4例患者术后1个月复查时仍提示患侧输尿管狭窄再次行Allium支架管置入,1例患者发生支架管移位后予以拔除支架,其余患者复查B超及血肌酐较术前均明显缓解,复查支架管位置正常。结论Allium覆膜金属输尿管支架用于治疗输尿管狭窄安全有效。对于长段输尿管狭窄,尤其是放疗后输尿管狭窄患者,需要多根串联置入,以达到理想的治疗效果。

韭(Allium tuberosum)叶绿体基因组及其特征分析

以韭(Allium tuberosum)叶绿体基因组为研究对象,利用Illumina NovaSep高通量测序技术对韭叶绿体基因组进行测序,研究了韭叶绿体基因组结构、密码子偏好性、简单重复序列、叶绿体基因组的比较和系统发育,以期为韭分子标记开发、种质资源鉴定和开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明:韭叶绿体基因组全长154056bp,共注释133个基因,包括tRNA38个,rRNA8个,蛋白编码基因87个;韭cpDNA密码子偏爱以A或U结尾,Leu使用频率最高,Cys使用频率最低;在叶绿体基因组中共检测250个SSR位点,其中单核苷酸重复数量最多(164个),六核苷酸重复最少(1个);基因组IR边界未出现明显的扩张和收缩;系统发育分析显示,野韭和韭亲缘关系最近。

Antibacterial Effect of Extracts from Allium mongolicum Regel

[Objective] Study on antibacterial activity and stability of the ethanol extracts from Allium mongolicum Regel.[Method] Taking Allium mongolicum Regel.(AMR)as experimental material,the antibacterial and stability test,antibacterial capacity and antibacterial activity substance stability of extracts were studied.[Result] Size order of antibacterial effect of extracts on these 5 strains tended to be:Saccharomyces cerevisiae > Penicillium sp.> Aspergillusniger> Staphylococcusaureus> Escherichia coli;under neutral or slight alkaline conditions,optimum antibacterial effect presented best;and UV light irradiation basically had no influence on tested strains.[Conclusion] Antibacterial effect of ethanol extract shows great difference among these strains,and antibacterial activity substance is of good heat and UV light stability.

Ultrastructural Observation on the Intra-and Intercellular Microtrabecular Network of the Pollen Mother Cells in Onion ( Allium cepa )

Using DGD embedment_free electron microscopy, ultrastructural observation on the intra_ and intercellular microtrabecular network (MN) of the pollen mother cells (PMC) of the whole meiotic prophase Ⅰ in onion ( Allium cepa L.) was performed. Complex nuclear MN was observed in the nucleus of PMCs, spreading throughout the nuclear region. The nucleolus and chromosomes were connected with the MN filament network. The uniformity of nuclear MN changed with the development of the PMCs. A lamina_like structure surrounded the nucleus and joined the MN in nucleus and in cytoplasm, but it disassembled at the end of prophase Ⅰ. There was also a complex cytoplasmic MN in PMCs, without obvious variation during the prophase Ⅰ. Furthermore, MN in cytoplasmic connections (plasmodesmata and cytoplasmic channels) was noticed to link the frameworks in two neighboring PMCs into one entity. Cytomixis was observed at synizesis of prophase Ⅰ in this experiment, and MN in cytoplasm and in nucleus was noticed to distribute in these granules which migrated from one PMC into its neighboring cell. At this time the nucleus moved aside from center of the PMC, but the rest of the cell was still fulfilled with MN filaments. The relationships of nuclear MN with nucleolus and chromosomes, lamina with nucleus, as well as intra_ and intercellular MN with cytomixis are discussed in this paper.

ALLIUM■覆膜输尿管支架治疗输尿管狭窄7例报告

目的:评估ALLIUM?覆膜输尿管支架(URS)治疗输尿管狭窄的安全性和有效性。方法:2019年9-12月收治7例输尿管狭窄患者行ALLIUM?覆膜URS置入术。其中3例为宫颈癌术后放疗致单侧或双侧输尿管狭窄,2例为孤立肾先天性肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻(UPJO)术后狭窄复发,1例为输尿管镜激光碎石术后单侧输尿管狭窄,1例为孤立肾合并盆腔脂肪增多症致输尿管壁内段狭窄。均采用URS(10~100 mm或10~120mm规格),全部支架经尿道逆行置入,先行球囊扩张,再置入URS。其中2例为双侧支架置入,1例单侧输尿管置入叠放2根URS。共置入10根,中位随访时间4个月(4~7个月)。结果:6例术后肾积水即刻明显缓解,无尿外渗,无腰部胀痛,无血尿和泌尿系感染,1例出现轻度盆腔积液,所有患者通过腹部X线平片和CT证实对狭窄病变的完全支撑。中位术后住院时间3d。随访中2例观察到支架移位,其中1例术后2个月支架脱落至膀胱内,后通过膀胱镜安全移除。另1例支架随肾结石下移后出现输尿管不完全梗阻,予以输尿管镜激光碎石处理。其余支架在随访中位置良好,患者未出现腰痛、血尿、尿路刺激症等不适。结论:短期结果显示ALLIUM?覆膜URS治疗输尿管狭窄安全有效,但仍需更多的病例和更长时间的随访证实疗效。