Postharvest quality and reactive oxygen species metabolism improvement of Coprinus comatus mushroom using allyl isothiocyanate fumigation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of allyl isothiocyanate(AITC)on the reactive oxygen species(ROS)metabolism and quality of postharvest Coprinus comatus(C.comatus).Fresh mushrooms were stored at 4℃with AITC at 5,10,and 20μL/L for 18 d,respectively.Sampling was performed every 3 d,and physicochemical parameters and ROS metabolism related enzymes activities were analyzed.Compared with the control,the application of AITC at 10μL/L significantly(P<0.05)decreased xanthine oxidase activity after 9 d of storage,while it significantly(P<0.05)improved the activities of succinic dehydrogenase,glutathione reductase,peroxidase,catalase,and ascorbate peroxidase in the middle and later stages of storage.Furthermore,the Ca^(2+)-ATPase and superoxide dismutase activities in sample treated by 10μL/L were all significantly(P<0.05)higher than those in the control.Therefore,the accumulation trends of malondialdehyde and ROS were retarded and membrane integrity was maintained.However,high-concentration AITC(20μL/L)treatment accelerated the ROS generation and increased electrolyte leakage rate.All AITC treatments significantly(P<0.05)inhibited the respiration rate during the first 9 d of storage and retarded browning of C.comatus during the storage of 18 d.These findings suggested that AITC treatment would be a promising method to maintain C.comatus quality,but the concentrations need to be optimized.

Antinociceptive activity of transient receptor potential channel TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPM8 antagonists in neurogenic and neuropathic pain models in mice

The aim of this research was to assess the antinociceptive activity of the transient receptor potential （TRP） channel TRPV1, TRPM8, and TRPA1 antagonists in neurogenic, tonic, and neuropathic pain models in mice. For this purpose, TRP channel antagonists were administered into the dorsal surface of a hind paw 15 min before capsaicin, allyl isothiocyanate （AITC）, or formalin. Their antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic efficacies after intraperitoneal ad- ministration were also assessed in a paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain model. Motor coordination of paclitaxel- treated mice that received these TRP channel antagonists was investigated using the rotarod test. TRPV1 antagonists, capsazepine and SB-366791, attenuated capsaicin-induced nociceptive reaction in a concentration-dependent manner. At 8 pg/20 pl, this effect was 51% （P〈0.001） for capsazepine and 37% （P〈0.05） for SB-366791. A TRPA1 antagonist, A-967079, reduced pain reaction by 48% （P〈0.05） in the AITC test and by 54% （P〈0.001） in the early phase of the formalin test. The test compounds had no influence on the late phase of the formalin test. In paclitaxel-treated mice, they did not attenuate heat hyperalgesia but N-（3-aminopropyl）-2-{[（3-methylphenyl）methyl]oxy}-N-（2-thienylmethyl） benzamide hydrochloride salt （AMTB）, a TRPM8 antagonist, reduced cold hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia by 31% （P〈0.05） and 51% （P〈0.01）, respectively. HC-030031, a TRPA1 channel antagonist, attenuated tactile allodynia in the von Frey test （62%; P〈0.001）. In conclusion, distinct members of TRP channel family are involved in different pain models in mice. Antagonists of TRP channels attenuate nocifensive responses of neurogenic, tonic, and neuropathic pain, but their efficacies strongly depend on the pain model used.