Evaluating new biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy:Role ofα2-macroglobulin,podocalyxin,α-L-fucosidase,retinol-binding protein-4,and cystatin C

BACKGROUND The intricate relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and diabetic nephropathy(DN)presents a challenge in understanding the significance of various biomarkers in diagnosis.AIM To elucidate the roles and diagnostic values ofα2-macroglobulin(α2-MG),podocalyxin(PCX),α-L-fucosidase(AFU),retinol-binding protein-4(RBP-4),and cystatin C(CysC)in DN.METHODS From December 2018 to December 2020,203 T2DM patients were enrolled in the study.Of these,115 were diagnosed with DN(115 patients),while the remaining 88 patients were classified as non-DN.The urinary levels ofα2-MG,PCX,and AFU and the serum concentrations RBP-4 and CysC were measured in conjunction with other relevant clinical indicators to evaluate their potential correlations and diagnostic utility.RESULTS After adjustments for age and gender,significant positive correlations were observed between the biomarkers CysC,RBP-4,α2-MG/urinary creatinine(UCr),PCX/UCr,and AFU/UCr,and clinical indicators such as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR),serum creatinine,urea,24-h total urine protein,and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR).Conversely,these biomarkers exhibited negative correlations with the estimated glomerular filtration rate(P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis further demonstrated the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers,with UACR showcasing the highest area under the ROC curve(AUC^(ROC))at 0.97.CONCLUSION This study underscores the diagnostic significance ofα2-MG,PCX,and AFU in the development of DN.The biomarkers RBP-4,CysC,PCX,AFU,andα2-MG provide promising diagnostic insights,while UACR is the most potent diagnostic biomarker in assessing DN.

血清AFP-L2与NIPT联合超声NT值在胎儿异常染色体筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨血清甲胎蛋白异质体L2(AFP-L2)、无创产前基因检测(NIPT)技术联合超声胎儿后颈部透明层的厚度(NT)值对24~28^(+6)胎儿染色体异常筛查的价值。方法选取2021年9月至2022年9月于医院接受早期孕检确认染色体异常的孕妇120例纳入染色体异常组,选取同期接受正常孕检且已完成胎儿染色体异常筛查的孕妇120名作为健康志愿者。对所有受检孕妇分别采取超声检查NT、血清AFP-L2检查、NIPT技术单独检测及三者联合检测。比较4种检测方式的阳性、阴性检出情况,以及4种检测方式对提高胎儿染色体异常筛查的诊断效能。结果与健康志愿者比较,染色体异常组胎儿AFP-L2检查水平较低,NT厚度较高(P<0.05)。与超声检查比较,血清AFP-L2检查、NIPT检查、联合检查阳性预测值、阴性预测值较高(P<0.05);与血清AFP-12检查比较,超声检查阳性预测值、阴性预测值较低,NIPT检查、联合检查阳性预测值、阴性预测值较高;与NIPT检查比较,血清AFP-12检查、超声检查阳性预测值、阴性预测值较低,联合检查阳性预测值、阴性预测值较高(P<0.05)。与超声检查比较,血清AFP-L2检查、NIPT检查、联合检查灵敏度、特异度和准确率较高(P<0.05);NIPT检查技术对于性染色体异常的总阳性预测值(PPV)为92.24%;对于54,X(含嵌合体)、54,XXX、54,XXY、54,XYY、性染色体微缺失微重复的PPV分别为49.05%、79.15%、85.55%、43.19%、57.69%。与血清AFP-12检查比较,超声检查灵敏度、特异度和准确率较低,NIPT检查、联合检查灵敏度、特异度和准确率较高,与NIPT检查比较,超声检查、血清AFP-12检查灵敏度、特异度和准确率较低,联合检查灵敏度、特异度和准确率较高(P<0.05)。结论通过超声检查、血清AFP-L2检查、NIPT技术对胎儿染色体不正常进行筛查,提高对胎儿染色体异常筛查的准确率,降低误诊率,具有良好的诊断效能。超声、血清AFP-L2检查联合NIPT技术对胎儿染色体异常筛查具有重要意义。

Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury

Norepinephrine plays an important role in motor functional recovery after a brain injury caused by ferrous chloride.Inhibition of norepinephrine release by clonidine is correlated with motor deficits after motor cortex injury.The aim of this study was to analyze the role ofα-adrenergic receptors in the restoration of motor deficits in recovering rats after brain damage.The rats were randomly assigned to the sham and injury groups and then treated with the following pharmacological agents at 3 hours before and 8 hours,3 days,and 20 days after ferrous chloride-induced cortical injury:saline,clonidine,efaroxan(a selective antagonist ofα-adrenergic receptors)and clonidine+efaroxan.The sensorimotor score,the immunohistochemical staining forα-adrenergic receptors,and norepinephrine levels were evaluated.Eight hours post-injury,the sensorimotor score and norepinephrine levels in the locus coeruleus of the injured rats decreased,and these effects were maintained 3 days post-injury.However,20 days later,clonidine administration diminished norepinephrine levels in the pons compared with the sham group.This effect was accompanied by sensorimotor deficits.These effects were blocked by efaroxan.In conclusion,an increase inα-adrenergic receptor levels was observed after injury.Clonidine restores motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury,an effect that was prevented by efaroxan.The underlying mechanisms involve the stimulation of hypersensitiveα-adrenergic receptors and inhibition of norepinephrine activity in the locus coeruleus.The results of this study suggest thatαreceptor agonists might restore deficits or impede rehabilitation in patients with brain injury,and therefore pharmacological therapies need to be prescribed cautiously to these patients.

F-box only protein 2 exacerbates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the hydroxyl CoA dehydrogenase alpha subunit

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a major health burden with an increasing global incidence.Unfortunately,the unavailability of knowledge underlying NAFLD pathogenesis inhibits effective preventive and therapeutic measures.AIM To explore the molecular mechanism of NAFLD.METHODS Whole genome sequencing(WGS)analysis was performed on liver tissues from patients with NAFLD(n=6)and patients with normal metabolic conditions(n=6)to identify the target genes.A NAFLD C57BL6/J mouse model induced by 16 wk of high-fat diet feeding and a hepatocyte-specific F-box only protein 2(FBXO2)overexpression mouse model were used for in vivo studies.Plasmid transfection,co-immunoprecipitation-based mass spectrometry assays,and ubiquitination in HepG2 cells and HEK293T cells were used for in vitro studies.RESULTS A total of 30982 genes were detected in WGS analysis,with 649 up-regulated and 178 down-regulated.Expression of FBXO2,an E3 ligase,was upregulated in the liver tissues of patients with NAFLD.Hepatocyte-specific FBXO2 overexpression facilitated NAFLD-associated phenotypes in mice.Overexpression of FBXO2 aggravated odium oleate(OA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells,resulting in an abnormal expression of genes related to lipid metabolism,such as fatty acid synthase,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha,and so on.In contrast,knocking down FBXO2 in HepG2 cells significantly alleviated the OA-induced lipid accumulation and aberrant expression of lipid metabolism genes.The hydroxyl CoA dehydrogenase alpha subunit(HADHA),a protein involved in oxidative stress,was a target of FBXO2-mediated ubiquitination.FBXO2 directly bound to HADHA and facilitated its proteasomal degradation in HepG2 and HEK293T cells.Supplementation with HADHA alleviated lipid accumulation caused by FBXO2 overexpression in HepG2 cells.CONCLUSION FBXO2 exacerbates lipid accumulation by targeting HADHA and is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD。

Alpha-2-macroglobulin as a radioprotective agent: a review

Radiation is an important modality in cancer treatment, and eighty percent of cancer patients need radiotherapy at some point during their clinical management. However, radiation-induced damage to normal tissues restricts the therapeutic doses of radiation that can be delivered to tumours and thereby limits the effectiveness of the treatment. The use of radioprotectors represents an obvious strategy to obtain better tumour control using a higher dose in radiotherapy. However, most of the synthetic radioprotective compounds studied have shown inadequate clinical efficacy owing to their inherent toxicity and high cost. Hence, the development of radioprotective agents with lower toxicity and an extended window of protection has attracted a great deal of attention, and the identification of alternative agents that are less toxic and highly effective is an absolute necessity. Recent studies have shown that alpha-2-macroglobulin（α2M） possesses radioprotective effects. α2M is a tetrameric, disulfide-rich plasma glycoprotein that functions as a nonselective inhibitor of different types of non-specific proteases and as a carrier of cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. α2M induces protein factors whose interplay underlies radioprotection, which supports the idea that α2M is the central effector of natural radioprotection in the rat. Pretreatment with α2M has also induced a significant reduction of irradiation-induced DNA damage and the complete restoration of liver and body weight. Mihailovi？ et al. concluded that the radioprotection provided by α2M was in part mediated through cytoprotection of new blood cells produced in the bone marrow; these authors also indicated that an important aspect of the radioprotective effect of amifostine was the result of the induction of the endogenous cytoprotective capability of α2M. The radioprotective effects of α2M are possibly due to antioxidant, antifibrosis, and anti-inflammatory functions, as well as the maintenance of homeostasis, and enhancement of the DNA repair and cell recovery processes. This review is the first to summarise the observations and elucidate the possible mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of α2M. The lacunae in the existing knowledge and directions for future research are also addressed.

C2神经酰胺对帕金森病模型鼠多巴胺能神经元的保护作用

背景:C2神经酰胺可减少Alpha突触核蛋白(Alpha-Synuclein,α-Syn)寡聚体的形成,其作为蛋白磷酸酶2A激动剂在中枢神经系统对细胞老化具有重要调节作用。目的:探究C2神经酰胺对多巴胺能神经元的保护作用机制。方法:将25只C57BL/6系小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及C2神经酰胺低、中、高剂量组,每组5只。除对照组之外,其他各组均通过左侧纹状体注射突变型A53Tα-Syn寡聚体建立帕金森病小鼠模型,在纹状体注射第30天后,3个C2神经酰胺各剂量组小鼠一次性经胃灌注溶于生理盐水中的各剂量C2神经酰胺(1,5,10μg/g),对照组及模型组同法灌注等量生理盐水,于造模后第30-90天,连续每天给药,共60 d,期间观察各组小鼠行为学变化。在纹状体注射第90天后,在适度麻醉条件下对各组小鼠灌注取脑,以免疫组织化学染色分析小鼠中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元的变化,以ELISA法检测小鼠中脑α-Syn寡聚化和磷酸化水平,并分析影响α-Syn磷酸化的相关酶活性变化。结果与结论:①C2神经酰胺对经纹状体注射的突变型A53Tα-Syn寡聚体所导致的小鼠帕金森病样运动障碍具有改善作用,且C2神经酰胺高剂量组对帕金森病模型鼠运动障碍的改善作用更为明显(P<0.01);②突变型A53Tα-Syn寡聚体致使小鼠中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元数目明显减少(P<0.01),而C2神经酰胺高剂量组黑质多巴胺能神经元数目则明显增多(P<0.01);③与模型组相比,C2神经酰胺高剂量组小鼠中脑内α-Syn寡聚体和磷酸化α-Syn水平明显降低(P<0.01),而神经酰胺的水平增高(P<0.05),蛋白磷酸酶2A活力明显上调(P<0.01);④上述数据说明,C2神经酰胺可通过改善小鼠中脑组织α-Syn的磷酸化修饰环境,缓解了由寡聚的α-Syn所诱导的神经毒性作用,保护了小鼠中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元数量的减少,从而减轻帕金森病的运动障碍程度。

A2M在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的表达及其与免疫细胞浸润的相关性

目的:研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者外周血α2巨球蛋白(alpha 2 macroglobulin,A2M)与免疫细胞浸润的相关性。方法:对GSE38974数据集进行综合分析。GO富集、KEGG分析和GSVA分析用于探索潜在的功能和通路。CIBERSORT用于评估组织浸润性免疫细胞。收集25例稳定期COPD患者和26例健康对照,分析外周血A2M水平与免疫细胞计数的相关性。ELISA检测血浆中A2M的浓度。RT-qPCR检测细胞和外周血中A2M mRNA的表达水平。Western blot法检测M2型巨噬细胞表面标志物精氨酸酶(arginase-1,Arg-1)的表达水平。采用Pearson相关分析进行相关性分析。ROC曲线判断A2M的诊断灵敏度与特异度。结果:对GSE38974数据集的差异表达基因进行生物信息学分析发现,A2M在COPD患者肺组织中表达下降,且与COPD患者肺组织的免疫细胞浸润相关。RT-qPCR和ELISA结果显示,A2M水平在COPD患者外周血中下调,与COPD患者淋巴细胞、单核细胞具有相关性。ROC曲线提示A2M具有诊断COPD的价值。进一步的通路分析提示A2M可能与巨噬细胞等调节免疫途径相关。在M2巨噬细胞中敲低A2M后Arg-1的表达降低。结论:A2M在COPD患者肺组织与外周血中表达降低,与COPD患者免疫细胞计数、免疫细胞浸润等密切相关,A2M可能在巨噬细胞向M2型极化的过程中发挥了重要作用。

Long non-coding RNA CDKN2B-AS1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via E2F transcription factor 1/G protein subunit alpha Z axis

BACKGROUND A series of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been reported to play a crucial role in cancer biology.Some previous studies report that lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 is involved in some human malignancies.However,its role in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has not been fully deciphered.AIM To decipher the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in the progression of HCC.METHODS CDKN2B-AS1 expression in HCC was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.The malignant phenotypes of Li-7 and SNU-182 cells were detected by the CCK-8 method,EdU method,and flow cytometry,respectively.RNA immunoprecipitation was executed to confirm the interaction between CDKN2B-AS1 and E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1).Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to verify the binding of E2F1 to the promoter of G protein subunit alpha Z(GNAZ).E2F1 and GNAZ were detected by western blot in HCC cells.RESULTS In HCC tissues,CDKN2B-AS1 was upregulated.Depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells,and the depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 also induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.CDKN2B-AS1 could interact with E2F1.Depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited the binding of E2F1 to the GNAZ promoter region.Overexpression of E2F1 reversed the biological effects of depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 on the malignant behaviors of HCC cells.CONCLUSION CDKN2B-AS1 recruits E2F1 to facilitate GNAZ transcription to promote HCC progression.

TFAP2A基因重组真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建转录因子增强子结合蛋白-2α的真核表达载体并进行鉴定,为TFAP2A的后续研究提供有效工具。方法采用限制性内切酶BamHⅠ和HindⅢ对真核表达载体CV702质粒进行酶切获得线性化载体;通过PCR扩增制备TFAP2A的cDNA片段,将线性化载体和TFAP2A的cDNA扩增产物进行体外环化连接,构建CV702-TFAP2A重组质粒。将连接产物进行细菌转化,挑取平板上的单克隆进行PCR鉴定,对阳性克隆进行测序及结果分析。将CV702-TFAP2A重组真核表达载体转染乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231,通过Western blot检测TFAP2A的表达效率。结果菌落PCR扩增和测序结果显示,CV702-TFAP2A重组真核表达载体构建成功;Western blot结果与Image J灰度值分析结果显示,与CV702对照载体相比,转染CV702-TFAP2A重组质粒的MDA-MB-231中的Flag-TFAP2A蛋白相对表达量更高(P<0.05)。结论成功构建CV702-TFAP2A的重组真核表达载体,证实转染CV702-TFAP2A的细胞中Flag-TFAP2A的表达水平升高。

转录因子HNF1A、HNF4A和FOXA2调节肝细胞蛋白质N-糖基化

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha(HNF1A),hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha(HNF4A),and forkhead box protein A2(FOXA2)are key transcription factors that regulate a complex gene network in the liver,cre-ating a regulatory transcriptional loop.The Encode and ChIP-Atlas databases identify the recognition sites of these transcription factors in many glycosyltransferase genes.Our in silico analysis of HNF1A,HNF4A.and FOXA2 binding to the ten candidate glyco-genes studied in this work confirms a significant enrich-ment of these transcription factors specifically in the liver.Our previous studies identified HNF1A as a master regulator of fucosylation,glycan branching,and galactosylation of plasma glycoproteins.Here,we aimed to functionally validate the role of the three transcription factors on downstream glyco-gene transcriptional expression and the possible effect on glycan phenotype.We used the state-of-the-art clus-tered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/dead Cas9(CRISPR/dCas9)molecular tool for the downregulation of the HNF1A,HNF4A,and FOXA2 genes in HepG2 cells-a human liver cancer cell line.The results show that the downregulation of all three genes individually and in pairs affects the transcrip-tional activity of many glyco-genes,although downregulation of glyco-genes was not always followed by an unambiguous change in the corresponding glycan structures.The effect is better seen as an overall change in the total HepG2 N-glycome,primarily due to the extension of biantennary glycans.We propose an alternative way to evaluate the N-glycome composition via estimating the overall complexity of the glycome by quantifying the number of monomers in each glycan structure.We also propose a model showing feedback loops with the mutual activation of HNF1A-FOXA2 and HNF4A-FOXA2 affecting glyco-genes and protein glycosylation in HepG2 cells.

Aldo-keto reductase family member C3(AKR1C3)promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth by producing prostaglandin F2α

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of death worldwide.Current therapies are effective for HCC patients with early disease,but many patients suffer recurrence after surgery and have a poor response to chemotherapy.Therefore,new therapeutic targets are needed.We analyzed gene expression profiles between HCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues from public databases and found that the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was significantly different.The analysis showed that AKR1C3 was upregulated in tumors,and high AKR1C3 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in HCC patients.In vitro,assays demonstrated that the knockdown of AKR1C3 or the addition of the AKR1C3 inhibitor indomethacin suppressed the growth and colony formation of HCC cell lines.Knockdown of AKR1C3 in Huh7 cells reduced tumor growth in vivo.To explore the mechanism,we performed pathway enrichment analysis,and the results linked the expression of AKR1C3 with prostaglandin F2 alpha(PGF2a)downstream target genes.Suppression of AKR1C3 activity reduced the production of PGF2a,and supplementation with PGF2a restored the growth of indomethacin-treated Huh7 cells.Knockdown of the PGF receptor(PTGFR)and treatment with a PTGFR inhibitor significantly reduced HCC growth.We showed that indomethacin potentiated the sensitivity of Huh7 cells to sorafenib.In summary,our results indicate that AKR1C3 upregulation may promote HCC growth by promoting the production of PGF2α,and suppression of PTGFR limited HCC growth.Therefore,targeting the AKR1C3-PGF2a-PTGFR axis may be a new strategy for the treatment of HCC.

长链非编码RNA alpha-2-巨球蛋白反义RNA 1靶向微小RNA-106b-5p调控氧化型低密度脂蛋白诱导的人脑微血管内皮细胞损伤

目的探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)alpha-2-巨球蛋白反义RNA 1(A2M-AS1)靶向微小RNA(miR)-106b-5p对氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的人脑微血管内皮细胞损伤的影响。方法用ox-LDL诱导人脑微血管内皮细胞设为ox-LDL组,正常培养细胞为对照(Ctrl)组;A2M-AS1过表达(pcDNA-A2M-AS1组)、空载体(pcDNA组)、miR-106b-5p抑制剂(anti-miR-106b-5p组)、阴性对照(anti-miR-NC组)、pcDNA-A2M-AS1与对照mimic NC(miR-NC组)、pcDNA-A2M-AS1与miR-106b-5p模拟物(miR-106b-5p mimics组)转染细胞后加ox-LDL处理,n=9;Real-time PCR检测A2M-AS1与miR-106b-5p表达;试剂盒检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)水平;流式细胞术及TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡;双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测A2M-AS1与miR-106b-5p靶向关系;Western blotting检测Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达量。结果与Ctrl组比较,ox-LDL组A2M-AS1表达水平、SOD和CAT活性、Bcl-2蛋白水平降低,miR-106b-5p表达水平、MDA水平、凋亡率、Bax蛋白水平升高(P<0.05);过表达A2M-AS1或干扰miR-106b-5p降低ox-LDL诱导细胞后MDA水平、凋亡率与Bax蛋白水平,升高SOD、CAT活性和Bcl-2蛋白水平(P<0.05);A2M-AS1靶向miR-106b-5p;上调miR-106b-5p逆转过表达lncRNA A2M-AS1对ox-LDL诱导的人脑微血管内皮细胞损伤的作用。结论A2M-AS1通过靶向miR-106b-5p减轻ox-LDL诱导的人脑微血管内皮细胞损伤。

凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物、纤溶酶-α2-纤溶酶抑制剂复合物和血栓弹力图评估肿瘤患者凝血功能的价值

目的 分析凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物(TAT)、纤溶酶-α2-纤溶酶抑制剂复合物(PIC)和血栓弹力图(TEG)评估肿瘤患者凝血功能的价值。方法 选取2022年1月—2023年8月中国医学科学院肿瘤医院深圳医院120例肿瘤患者(病例组),以同期体检健康者30名作为对照组。比较2组TAT、PIC、TEG各参数的差异。基于Caprini评分将肿瘤患者细分为不同血栓风险组,比较各组TAT、PIC、TEG各参数的差异。比较不同肿瘤类型患者3项指标的差异。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析TAT、PIC、TEG各参数诊断肿瘤患者凝血功能的效能。结果 病例组TAT、PIC高于对照组(P<0.05)。血栓极高风险组TAT、PIC高于中/低风险组(P<0.05);肝癌、肺癌、肠癌、胃癌患者TAT、PIC水平均升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TAT、PIC、TEG评价肿瘤患者血液高凝状态的敏感性分别为85.0%、55.0%、56.70%,特异性分别为93.3%、81.7%、70.0%,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.94、0.72、0.63。结论 TAT、PIC可早于TEG提示肿瘤患者凝血功能异常,能更好地提示肿瘤患者血液高凝状态。

重组人干扰素α2b凝胶联合阿奇霉素治疗慢性宫颈炎伴HPV感染患者的临床疗效

【目的】探讨重组人干扰素α2b凝胶联合阿奇霉素治疗慢性宫颈炎伴人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染患者的临床疗效。【方法】选取2021年3月至2023年3月本院收治的110例慢性宫颈炎伴HPV感染患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组55例。对照组采用重组人干扰素α2b凝胶治疗,观察组采用重组人干扰素α2b凝胶联合阿奇霉素治疗,均治疗14 d。比较两组患者临床疗效、乳酸杆菌减少率、白细胞酯酶(LE)阳性率、凝固酶(GADP)阳性率、阴道pH值>4.5占比、炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)]水平、HPV病毒载量、HPV转阴率及疾病复发率。【结果】观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组乳酸杆菌减少率、LE阳性率、GADP阳性率、阴道pH值>4.5占比均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组炎症因子水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组病毒载量均下降,且观察组病毒载量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组HPV转阴率高于对照组,复阳率、疾病复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】重组人干扰素α2b凝胶联合阿奇霉素治疗慢性宫颈炎伴HPV感染患者的效果显著,可降低炎症因子水平,减少HPV病毒载量,促进HPV转阴,值得临床推广。

组织TIPE2、Cath-D、GPX3与PTC发病关系及预测术后复发的相关性

目的探讨组织免疫负调控分子肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白8样分子2(TIPE2)、组织蛋白酶D(Cath-D)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶3(GPX3)与甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)发病及预测术后复发的相关性。方法选取2020年6月至2021年12月于新乡市中心医院接受手术治疗的176例(均完成1年随访)PTC患者为PTC组,同期176例甲状腺良性结节患者为对照组,根据PTC患者术后1年复发情况将其分为复发(64例)和未复发(112例)两个亚组。比较两组TIPE2、Cath-D、GPX3表达情况,比较复发和未复发患者癌组织中TIPE2、Cath-D、GPX3表达情况,比较不同病理学参数PTC患者癌组织中TIPE2、Cath-D、GPX3表达情况,分析组织中TIPE2、Cath-D、GPX3表达情况与PTC发病、PTC病理学参数及术后复发的相关性,偏回归分析PTC患者术后复发的影响因素。结果PTC组癌组织中TIPE2、GPX3阳性表达率低于对照组,Cath-D阳性表达率高于对照组(P<0.05);复发患者癌组织中TIPE2、GPX3阳性表达率低于未复发患者,Cath-D阳性表达率高于未复发患者(P<0.05);不同病理学参数PTC患者癌组织中TIPE2、GPX3阳性表达率比较:Ⅰ~Ⅱ期高于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期,高中分化高于低分化,无淋巴结转移高于有淋巴结转移(P<0.05);不同病理学参数PTC患者癌组织中Cath-D阳性表达率比较:Ⅰ~Ⅱ期低于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期,高中分化低于低分化,无淋巴结转移低于有淋巴结转移(P<0.05);PTC发病、复发、临床分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移与组织中TIPE2、GPX3阳性表达率呈负相关,与Cath-D阳性表达率呈正相关(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析发现,PTC患者癌组织TIPE2、GPX3阳性表达是PTC患者术后复发的保护因素,Cath-D阳性表达为危险因素(P<0.05)。结论组织中TIPE2、Cath-D、GPX3阳性表达率与PTC发生发展相关,且是PTC患者术后复发的影响因素。

丁苯酞软胶囊联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床观察及对血清HIF-1α、Lp-PLA、Sestrin2水平的影响

目的探究丁苯酞软胶囊联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗急性脑梗死患者的疗效及对血清缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA)、应激诱导蛋白2(Sestrin2)水平的影响。方法前瞻性选取2021年1月至2022年12月在秦皇岛市第一医院治疗的急性脑梗死患者101例作为研究对象,按照信封法将患者分为对照组(n=50)和研究组(n=51)。对照组行常规治疗并瑞舒伐他汀治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合丁苯酞软胶囊治疗。统计分析两组患者治疗前及治疗14 d后的美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、FuglMeyer评测法(FMA)评分、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、血流动力学指标(血浆黏度、全血高切黏度、低切黏度、红细胞压积、红细胞变形指数)、血清HIF-1α、Lp-PLA、Sestrin2水平并比较临床疗效的组间差异。结果治疗14 d后,两组患者的NIHSS评分和mRS评分均较治疗前降低,FMA较治疗前升高,且研究组患者的NIHSS评分和mRS评分分别为(4.03±0.38)、(3.01±0.45)分,均低于对照组,FMA为(80.64±9.16)分,高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗14 d后,两组患者的血浆黏度、全血高切黏度、低切黏度、红细胞压积均较治疗前降低,红细胞变形指数均较治疗前升高,且研究组的血浆黏度、全血高切黏度、低切黏度、红细胞压积分别为(1.56±0.33)mPa·s、(4.78±0.31)mPa·s、(9.81±0.64)mPa·s、(0.37±0.05)%,均低于对照组,红细胞变形指数为0.78±0.11,高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗14 d后,两组患者的血清HIF-1α、Lp-PLA、Sestrin2水平均降低,且研究组患者血清HIF-1α、Lp-PLA、Sestrin2水平分别为(690.56±65.12)ng/mL、(13.65±2.13)μg/L、(11.33±1.45)ng/mL,均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组近期疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组总有效率为90.20%,高于对照组(64.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用丁苯酞软胶囊联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗急性脑梗死患者可显著提高患者临床治疗效果,提高肢体活动能力,缓解神经功能损伤,降低血清HIF-1α、Lp-PLA、Sestrin2水平,具有较高的临床应用潜力。

离子阱质谱法测定食品中α2-受体激动剂残留量

目的:建立测定动物源性食品中10种α2-受体激动剂的超高效液相-三重四级杆/线性离子阱复合质谱法。方法:试样用碳酸钠缓冲溶液、乙酸乙酯提取,经固相萃取、超高效液相色谱分离后进行质谱检测。结果:10种α2-受体激动剂均在1~100 ng/mL的质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率均大于69%,相对标准偏差均小于8.32%,该方法对10种α2-受体激动剂的最低检出限达到1μg/kg。结论:该方法具有较好的选择性,较强的抗干扰能力,可以满足动物源性食品中10种α2-受体激动剂残留量的测定。

褶纹冠蚌alpha2巨球蛋白基因的分子克隆与序列分析

alpha2巨球蛋白（α2M）是一类广谱的蛋白酶抑制因子,存在于许多无脊椎或脊椎动物的血浆中[1]。它不仅可以与机体内过量的蛋白酶相结合产生α2M-蛋白酶复合物,清除血液中流动的蛋白酶[2],还能与细菌内毒素脂多糖,

利拉鲁肽联合锌alpha2糖蛋白对棕榈酸诱导的HepG2细胞凋亡、脂质代谢和炎症因子表达的影响

目的探讨利拉鲁肽联合锌alpha2糖蛋白(ZAG)对棕榈酸诱导的HepG2细胞凋亡、脂质代谢和炎症因子表达的影响。方法实时定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和蛋白质印迹法分析ZAG在非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NALFD)患者肝组织以及棕榈酸诱导的HepG2细胞中的表达水平。将HepG2细胞分为对照组、棕榈酸组、棕榈酸+利拉鲁肽组、棕榈酸+pcDNA-ZAG组、棕榈酸+利拉鲁肽+ZAG shRNA组、棕榈酸+利拉鲁肽+pcDNA-ZAG组。流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡情况。试剂盒测定细胞中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)水平,同时测定细胞培养液上清中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平。结果NALFD患者肝组织中ZAG mRNA和ZAG蛋白表达水平显著降低(P <0.05)。棕榈酸处理显著下调ZAG mRNA和ZAG蛋白表达,增加TC、TG、IL-6和TNF-α水平,增加HepG2细胞凋亡率(P <0.05)。利拉鲁肽处理或过表达pcDNA-ZAG显著抑制棕榈酸诱导的HepG2细胞凋亡,并降低TC、TG、IL-6和TNF-α水平(P <0.05)。沉默ZAG显著减弱利拉鲁肽对棕榈酸诱导的HepG2细胞凋亡、TC、TG、IL-6和TNF-α水平的影响(P <0.05)。过表达ZAG显著增强利拉鲁肽对棕榈酸诱导的HepG2细胞凋亡、TC、TG、IL-6和TNF-α水平的影响(P <0.05)。结论利拉鲁肽联合ZAG可抑制棕榈酸诱导的HepG2细胞凋亡、脂质沉积和炎症反应。

三角帆蚌alpha-2巨球蛋白cDNA全长的克隆及表达特征

alpha-2巨球蛋白是河蚌体内重要的天然免疫因子,参与广泛的免疫防御和调节。通过RACE法克隆了三角帆蚌α2M全长cDNA序列,提交Genbank,获得核苷酸序列登陆号:DQ993157.1。同时,采用生物信息学方法对alpha-2巨球蛋白进行了系统分析。该基因cDNA全长5124bp,其中编码区4836bp,5′端非编码区35bp,3′端非编码区为253bp(含polyA尾31bp),该基因能编码1611个氨基酸,其中前23个氨基酸残基为信号肽序列,成熟蛋白分子量为177571.8u,等电点为5.49。蛋白的不稳定系数为39.53,表明该蛋白是稳定的。在此基础上,以18S作为内标,利用半定量RT-PCR法检测α2M基因在三角帆蚌不同组织和不同生理状态下的表达情况。结果表明,alpha-2巨球蛋白仅在血细胞中有表达,而在外套膜、闭壳肌、肠和性腺中没有表达。经注射大肠杆菌和嗜水气单胞菌12h后,三角帆蚌体内α2M的表达水平都有一定量的升高,证明α2M是三角帆蚌基础免疫系统中的组成部分。本研究丰富了软体动物免疫学研究内容,为三角帆蚌抗病机理提供理论资料。