Effect of irrigation regime on grain yield,water productivity,and methane emissions in dry direct-seeded rice grown in raised beds with wheat straw incorporation

Dry direct-seeded rice grown in raised beds is becoming an important practice in the wheat–rice rotation system in China.However,little information has been available on the effect of various irrigation regimes on grain yield,water productivity(WP),nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),and greenhouse gas emission in this practice.This study investigated the question using two rice cultivars in 2015 and 2016 grown in soil with wheat straw incorporated into it.Rice seeds were directly seeded into raised beds,which were maintained under aerobic conditions during the early seedling period.Three irrigation regimes:continuous flooding(CF),alternate wetting and drying(AWD),and furrow irrigation(FI),were applied from 4.5-leaf-stage to maturity.Compared with CF,both AWD and FI significantly increased grain yield,WP,and internal NUE,with greater increases under the FI regime.The two cultivars showed the same tendency in both years.Both AWD and FI markedly increased soil redox potential,root and shoot biomass,root oxidation activity,leaf photosynthetic NUE,and harvest index and markedly decreased global warming potential,owing to substantial reduction in seasonalThe results demonstrate that adoption of either AWD or FI could increase grain yield and resource-use efficiency and reduce environmental risks in dry direct-seeded rice grown on raised beds with wheat straw incorporation in the wheat–rice rotation system.

Effects of zeolite application on grain yield,water use and nitrogen uptake of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation

With the increasing scarcity of water resources and growing population,the dual goal of saving irrigation water and increasing grain yield has become a major challenge in rice production around the world.A two-year lysimetric experiment was conducted to assess the effects of zeolite application(Z_(0):0 and Z1:15 t/hm^(2) and water regimes(W_(0):continuous flooding irrigation,W1:energy-controlled irrigation,W2:alternate wetting and drying irrigation)on grain yield,water use and total nitrogen uptake of rice.Zeolite addition to paddy field significantly increased grain yield,total N uptake,and water use efficiency(WUE),despite a negligible effect on amount of irrigation water used.Compared with W_(0),the separate use of W_(1) and W_(2) each considerably decreased irrigation water.However,W2-grown rice showed a significant decline in grain yield.In contrast,W1 showed comparable grain yield with W_(0),and achieved the highest WUE.Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with effective panicles,spikelets per panicle,water consumption,and total N uptake.It is concluded that the combination of zeolite application at the rate of 15 t/hm^(2) and energy-controlled irrigation could be recommended to benefit farmers by reducing irrigation water while improving grain yield on a clay loam soil.

施氮量和灌溉方式的交互作用对水稻产量和品质影响

本研究旨在探讨氮肥和灌溉方式对水稻产量和品质的影响及其互作效应,这对指导水稻高产、优质和高效栽培有重要意义。将两优培九(籼稻)和扬粳4038(粳稻)种植于土培池,设置常规灌溉、轻干湿交替灌溉和重干湿交替灌溉3种灌溉方式及0氮(0kghm–2)、中氮(240kghm–2)和高氮(360kghm–2)3种氮素水平,观察其对产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明,在中氮和高氮水平下,产量、稻米的整精米率、外观品质和崩解值,以轻干湿交替灌溉显著高于或优于常规灌溉。在中氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉的产量和稻米品质显著低于或劣于常规灌溉;在高氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉的产量高于常规灌溉,稻米品质在这两种灌溉方式间差异不显著。轻干湿交替灌溉显著提高了灌浆期剑叶光合速率、籽粒中ATP酶活性及根系中吲哚-3-乙酸、玉米素+玉米素核苷和脱落酸含量。说明灌溉方式和氮肥对产量和稻米品质具明显互作效应。在轻干湿交替灌溉和中氮水平下根系、叶片和籽粒生理活性增强是水稻产量提高和稻米品质改善的重要生理原因。