Objective This study aims to establish and evaluate the methodology of isolated rabbit eye （IRE） test. Methods IRE test was performed according to modifications of the in vitro toxicology （INVITTOX） Protocol No.85...Objective This study aims to establish and evaluate the methodology of isolated rabbit eye （IRE） test. Methods IRE test was performed according to modifications of the in vitro toxicology （INVITTOX） Protocol No.85： Rabbit enucleated eye test by European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods （ECVAM）, and then 26 chemicals and 26 cosmetic products were tested in both in vitro IRE and in vivo Draize tests. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine the relevance of the IRE test to the data generated in the Draize test. Results IRE test was established successfully in our laboratory. It was shown that ranking correlation and class concordance were fairly well between the IRE test and the Draize test for 26 reference chemicals （Fisher＇s Exact Test X2=51.314, P〈0.001; McNemar P=0.261; Gamma=0.960, P〈0.001; Kappa=0.843, P〈0.001） and 26 cosmetic products （Fisher＇s Exact Test X^2=15.522, P〈0.O01; McNemar P=0.311; Gamma=0.967, P〈0.001; Kappa=0.611, P〈0.O01）. Conclusion IRE test was established successfully for in vitro testing of eye irritation as an alternative to Draize test.展开更多
Summary: To examine the relationship between host survival and the type of immune response in different organs during disseminated candidiasis, the murine model of disseminated candidiasis was established by injecti...Summary: To examine the relationship between host survival and the type of immune response in different organs during disseminated candidiasis, the murine model of disseminated candidiasis was established by injection with Candida albicans via tail vein. The survival time was observed for up to 60 days. And the expression levels of cytokines in the spleen and kidney, including IFN-γ and IL-4, were determined with RT-PCR. Our results showed that in the spleen, both non-fatal and fatal inoculum caused a type Ⅱimmune response with steady expression levels of IFN-γ and the obviously increased levels of IL-4. While in the kidney, non-fatal inoculum induced a typeⅠimmune response with the obviously increased levels of IFN-γ and the steady expression levels of IL-4. However, fatal inoculum induced a type Ⅱ immune response with a constant expression of IFN-γ and the evidently increased levels of IL-4. It is concluded that in disseminated candidiasis, host survival is associated with the type of immune responses in the kidney, but not in the spleen.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China for the Alternative to animals Testing project,200802080
文摘Objective This study aims to establish and evaluate the methodology of isolated rabbit eye （IRE） test. Methods IRE test was performed according to modifications of the in vitro toxicology （INVITTOX） Protocol No.85： Rabbit enucleated eye test by European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods （ECVAM）, and then 26 chemicals and 26 cosmetic products were tested in both in vitro IRE and in vivo Draize tests. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine the relevance of the IRE test to the data generated in the Draize test. Results IRE test was established successfully in our laboratory. It was shown that ranking correlation and class concordance were fairly well between the IRE test and the Draize test for 26 reference chemicals （Fisher＇s Exact Test X2=51.314, P〈0.001; McNemar P=0.261; Gamma=0.960, P〈0.001; Kappa=0.843, P〈0.001） and 26 cosmetic products （Fisher＇s Exact Test X^2=15.522, P〈0.O01; McNemar P=0.311; Gamma=0.967, P〈0.001; Kappa=0.611, P〈0.O01）. Conclusion IRE test was established successfully for in vitro testing of eye irritation as an alternative to Draize test.
文摘Summary: To examine the relationship between host survival and the type of immune response in different organs during disseminated candidiasis, the murine model of disseminated candidiasis was established by injection with Candida albicans via tail vein. The survival time was observed for up to 60 days. And the expression levels of cytokines in the spleen and kidney, including IFN-γ and IL-4, were determined with RT-PCR. Our results showed that in the spleen, both non-fatal and fatal inoculum caused a type Ⅱimmune response with steady expression levels of IFN-γ and the obviously increased levels of IL-4. While in the kidney, non-fatal inoculum induced a typeⅠimmune response with the obviously increased levels of IFN-γ and the steady expression levels of IL-4. However, fatal inoculum induced a type Ⅱ immune response with a constant expression of IFN-γ and the evidently increased levels of IL-4. It is concluded that in disseminated candidiasis, host survival is associated with the type of immune responses in the kidney, but not in the spleen.
