The corrosion of refractories results from reactive transport,namely,transport of agents and chemical reactions of these agents with impregnated medium. On one hand,the transport involves either diffusion or impregnat...The corrosion of refractories results from reactive transport,namely,transport of agents and chemical reactions of these agents with impregnated medium. On one hand,the transport involves either diffusion or impregnation depending on the state of the corrosive agents and the microstructure of the host media. On the other hand,chemical reactions may be very numerous and complex.This study focused on the reactive impregnation of Al2O3- CaO slag into porous high alumina refractory. The transport properties of the refractory material were identified by means of a dedicated capillary rising test. Chemical reactions between the solid high alumina skeleton and Al2O3- CaO slag involve successive dissolution / precipitation mechanisms forming aluminates of lime. Contrary to the thermodynamic properties of the binary system,the kinetics of these solid / liquid reactions is not well known.Corrosion tests associated with the quenching method,XRD analyses were performed for a better understanding of the kinetics. The results of this study open up a coupling approach for predicting the corrosion wear of refractory.展开更多
In order to improve oxidation resistance and ther- mal shock resistance of Al2O3-C refractories, two groups of specimens were prepared with phenolic resin as binder, adding 0, 2 wt% , 4 wt% and 6 wt% commercial SiC or...In order to improve oxidation resistance and ther- mal shock resistance of Al2O3-C refractories, two groups of specimens were prepared with phenolic resin as binder, adding 0, 2 wt% , 4 wt% and 6 wt% commercial SiC or ZrO2-SiC composite powder synthesized from zircon respectively to Al2O3- C refractories, pressing at 200 MPa, drying fully at 250℃, and then carbon embedded firing at 1400℃ for 2 h. Oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance were researched, phase composition was analyzed by XRD. The results showed that the oxidation of SiC in additives could protect carbon in specimens effectively and thus decreased the mass loss ratio and oxidation area, and improved the oxidation resistance of the specimen. Thermal shock resistance was improved owing to the micro crack toughening of ZrO2 and grain toughening of SiC. In this experiment, the specimens with 6 wt% ZrO2 -SiC composite powder or 6 wt% SiC powder had the best oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance.展开更多
The combination of SiC and andalusite with calcium aluminate binder for castables in high corrosive gasifying environments is a promising alternative refractory system for many different slag systems. After sintering,...The combination of SiC and andalusite with calcium aluminate binder for castables in high corrosive gasifying environments is a promising alternative refractory system for many different slag systems. After sintering,a glassy protective layer has been identified. Beside the interactions of the refractories with intermediate slag also the thermomechanical properties,the thermal shock performance and the microstructure have been evaluated as a function of different binder systems.展开更多
This standard specifies the sort, technical requirement, test method, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, storage and quality certification of high alumina refractory bricks for electric arc furnace ro...This standard specifies the sort, technical requirement, test method, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, storage and quality certification of high alumina refractory bricks for electric arc furnace roofs.展开更多
Al2O3-C refractories are widely used as functional elements like nozzles, well blocks, sliding gate plates and stoppers in the continuous casting process of steel production. Application of silicon as a metallic agent...Al2O3-C refractories are widely used as functional elements like nozzles, well blocks, sliding gate plates and stoppers in the continuous casting process of steel production. Application of silicon as a metallic agent in Al2O3-C slide gate plate production is usual. In fact, a non-oxide bond can be generated due to the reaction between silicon and carbon under reducing atmosphere in the plate matrix. This non-oxide bond can enhance the mechanical strength and abrasion resistance. In order to improve the mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties, functional additives can be aimed to lower the sinte- ring temperature and tailor the microstructure. For this reason, the effect of a special solid state sintering aid addition on the microstructure and thermo-mechanical properties of Al2O3-C slide gate plates in the presence of Si as a metallic component has been investigated. Two types of specimens were pressed at 150 MPa, tempered at 200 ℃ and fired in coke bed at 1 400 ℃ , respectively. Physical （ BD and AP ） , mechanical （ CCS and MOR ） and thermo-mechanical （ HMOR ） properties were determined; in addition, phase composition was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis （ XRD ） and microstructure of specimens was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM）. Results have shown that the addition of sintering aid increased the generation of cation vacancy in Al2O3 structure which enhanced the cation diffusion and densification process ; consequently, CCS, MOR and HMOR of specimens increased drasticallywhile bulk density and apparent porosity remained un- changed.展开更多
1 Scope This standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, quality appraisal procedure, packing, marking, transportation, storage and quality certificate of high alumina refractory mort...1 Scope This standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, quality appraisal procedure, packing, marking, transportation, storage and quality certificate of high alumina refractory mortars.展开更多
JC/T 494-92(96) 1 ScopeThis standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, and storage of fused cast alumina refractory products for glass melting furn...JC/T 494-92(96) 1 ScopeThis standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, and storage of fused cast alumina refractory products for glass melting furnace. This standard is applicable to the fused cast alumina refractory products for glass melting furnace (called products for short).2 Normative ReferencesGB 2997 Test method for apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density and true porosity of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5072 Test method for cold crushing strength of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5989 Test method for refractoriness under load of dense shaped refractory products (Differential, with rising temperature)GB 7320 Test method for thermal expansion of refractory productsGB 10204 Test method for corrosion resistance of refractories for glass melting furnace to molten glassGB 10325 Stacking, sampling, acceptance, storage and transportation of shaped refractory productsGB 10326 Inspections of dimension, appearance and section of refractory productsGB/T 14351 Chemical analysis method of fused cast alumina refractoriesYB 4015 Sample preparation for testing of refractory products for glass melting furnaceYB 4016 Sampling and inspection of refractory products for glass melting furnaceJC 493 Fused cast zirconia corundum refractory products for glass melting furnace展开更多
1 Subject and Scope The standard specifies the requirement, testing method, inspection rule and requirements for the labeling, packing, shipping and storing of the fused cast alumina refractory products for glass tanks.
Newly developed Al2O3-Si3N4 composite refractories used for blast furnace is introduced in this work. Al2O3-Si3N4 composite refractories attacked by alkali vapor and blast furnace slag was investigated. High performan...Newly developed Al2O3-Si3N4 composite refractories used for blast furnace is introduced in this work. Al2O3-Si3N4 composite refractories attacked by alkali vapor and blast furnace slag was investigated. High performance Al2O3-Si3N4 composite refractories was produced and used at both 2560m^3 blast furnaces of Tan-gsteel and No. 5 blast furnace of Shaosteel.展开更多
1 Scope ：This standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packing, marking, transportation, storage and quality certificate of alumina carbon refractory products fo...1 Scope ：This standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packing, marking, transportation, storage and quality certificate of alumina carbon refractory products for continuous casting.展开更多
Regarding the morphology of alumina,effect of the heredity of raw materials on properties of aluminamagnesia refractory castables was investigated by adding platelet alumina as the specific template.In-situ spinel pla...Regarding the morphology of alumina,effect of the heredity of raw materials on properties of aluminamagnesia refractory castables was investigated by adding platelet alumina as the specific template.In-situ spinel platelet formed derived from platelet alumina.By comparing phase evolution,apparent porosity,bulk density,permanent linear expansion and strength,it was demonstrated that the utilization of the microstructures＇ heredity of platelet alumina was a new alternative for controlling properties of alumina-magnesia refractory castables.展开更多
A colloidal silica sol bonded product range is introduced by an example targeting high temperature applications in steel making. Placement and setting characteristics are shown. The thermal mechanical properties and r...A colloidal silica sol bonded product range is introduced by an example targeting high temperature applications in steel making. Placement and setting characteristics are shown. The thermal mechanical properties and resulting advantages are presented as well as the performance enhancement in corrosion resistance. Properties are compared to a common ULCC product. Results of the industrial trial phase are discussed.展开更多
High alumina slag will cause severe corrosion at the interface of alumina refractory,and the wetting behavior of slag is a key factor influencing the corrosion resistance of refractory ceramics.The static magnetic fie...High alumina slag will cause severe corrosion at the interface of alumina refractory,and the wetting behavior of slag is a key factor influencing the corrosion resistance of refractory ceramics.The static magnetic field is a promising solution for improvement in the slag resistance of refractory.The wetting of alumina refractory ceramics with different basicities of high alumina slags under a weak static magnetic field was analyzed,given that a weak static magnetic field can affect the corrosion behavior of refractory ceramics.Taking slag S_(3) as an example,when there was an external static magnetic field of 1.0 mT at 1600 ℃,the thickness of calcium aluminate reaction layer at the interface decreased by 36.7%,the denting depth of interface decreased by 35.6%,and the apparent wetting angle increased by 20%.The living radicals and their formation path in oxide melts were verified by first-principles calculation combined with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis.The influence of the flux density of a weak static magnetic field on the wetting behavior of slags was also explored.The contact angle of the slags increased owing to the inhibitory effect of magnetic field on the radicalinvolved reaction at the interface of the slag and the alumina refractory ceramic.The relationships between the magnetic flux density,diffusion coefficient,slag microstructure(hyperfine coupling constant),and contact angle were established.This provides a theoretical basis for the field control of radical involved reactive wetting between inorganic oxide slags and solid oxide ceramics.展开更多
基金the Federation for International Refractory Research and Education ( Fire) and to the General Council of Loiret ( CG45) for partial supports of this work
文摘The corrosion of refractories results from reactive transport,namely,transport of agents and chemical reactions of these agents with impregnated medium. On one hand,the transport involves either diffusion or impregnation depending on the state of the corrosive agents and the microstructure of the host media. On the other hand,chemical reactions may be very numerous and complex.This study focused on the reactive impregnation of Al2O3- CaO slag into porous high alumina refractory. The transport properties of the refractory material were identified by means of a dedicated capillary rising test. Chemical reactions between the solid high alumina skeleton and Al2O3- CaO slag involve successive dissolution / precipitation mechanisms forming aluminates of lime. Contrary to the thermodynamic properties of the binary system,the kinetics of these solid / liquid reactions is not well known.Corrosion tests associated with the quenching method,XRD analyses were performed for a better understanding of the kinetics. The results of this study open up a coupling approach for predicting the corrosion wear of refractory.
文摘In order to improve oxidation resistance and ther- mal shock resistance of Al2O3-C refractories, two groups of specimens were prepared with phenolic resin as binder, adding 0, 2 wt% , 4 wt% and 6 wt% commercial SiC or ZrO2-SiC composite powder synthesized from zircon respectively to Al2O3- C refractories, pressing at 200 MPa, drying fully at 250℃, and then carbon embedded firing at 1400℃ for 2 h. Oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance were researched, phase composition was analyzed by XRD. The results showed that the oxidation of SiC in additives could protect carbon in specimens effectively and thus decreased the mass loss ratio and oxidation area, and improved the oxidation resistance of the specimen. Thermal shock resistance was improved owing to the micro crack toughening of ZrO2 and grain toughening of SiC. In this experiment, the specimens with 6 wt% ZrO2 -SiC composite powder or 6 wt% SiC powder had the best oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance.
文摘The combination of SiC and andalusite with calcium aluminate binder for castables in high corrosive gasifying environments is a promising alternative refractory system for many different slag systems. After sintering,a glassy protective layer has been identified. Beside the interactions of the refractories with intermediate slag also the thermomechanical properties,the thermal shock performance and the microstructure have been evaluated as a function of different binder systems.
文摘This standard specifies the sort, technical requirement, test method, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, storage and quality certification of high alumina refractory bricks for electric arc furnace roofs.
文摘Al2O3-C refractories are widely used as functional elements like nozzles, well blocks, sliding gate plates and stoppers in the continuous casting process of steel production. Application of silicon as a metallic agent in Al2O3-C slide gate plate production is usual. In fact, a non-oxide bond can be generated due to the reaction between silicon and carbon under reducing atmosphere in the plate matrix. This non-oxide bond can enhance the mechanical strength and abrasion resistance. In order to improve the mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties, functional additives can be aimed to lower the sinte- ring temperature and tailor the microstructure. For this reason, the effect of a special solid state sintering aid addition on the microstructure and thermo-mechanical properties of Al2O3-C slide gate plates in the presence of Si as a metallic component has been investigated. Two types of specimens were pressed at 150 MPa, tempered at 200 ℃ and fired in coke bed at 1 400 ℃ , respectively. Physical （ BD and AP ） , mechanical （ CCS and MOR ） and thermo-mechanical （ HMOR ） properties were determined; in addition, phase composition was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis （ XRD ） and microstructure of specimens was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM）. Results have shown that the addition of sintering aid increased the generation of cation vacancy in Al2O3 structure which enhanced the cation diffusion and densification process ; consequently, CCS, MOR and HMOR of specimens increased drasticallywhile bulk density and apparent porosity remained un- changed.
文摘1 Scope This standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, quality appraisal procedure, packing, marking, transportation, storage and quality certificate of high alumina refractory mortars.
文摘JC/T 494-92(96) 1 ScopeThis standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, and storage of fused cast alumina refractory products for glass melting furnace. This standard is applicable to the fused cast alumina refractory products for glass melting furnace (called products for short).2 Normative ReferencesGB 2997 Test method for apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density and true porosity of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5072 Test method for cold crushing strength of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5989 Test method for refractoriness under load of dense shaped refractory products (Differential, with rising temperature)GB 7320 Test method for thermal expansion of refractory productsGB 10204 Test method for corrosion resistance of refractories for glass melting furnace to molten glassGB 10325 Stacking, sampling, acceptance, storage and transportation of shaped refractory productsGB 10326 Inspections of dimension, appearance and section of refractory productsGB/T 14351 Chemical analysis method of fused cast alumina refractoriesYB 4015 Sample preparation for testing of refractory products for glass melting furnaceYB 4016 Sampling and inspection of refractory products for glass melting furnaceJC 493 Fused cast zirconia corundum refractory products for glass melting furnace
文摘1 Subject and Scope The standard specifies the requirement, testing method, inspection rule and requirements for the labeling, packing, shipping and storing of the fused cast alumina refractory products for glass tanks.
文摘Newly developed Al2O3-Si3N4 composite refractories used for blast furnace is introduced in this work. Al2O3-Si3N4 composite refractories attacked by alkali vapor and blast furnace slag was investigated. High performance Al2O3-Si3N4 composite refractories was produced and used at both 2560m^3 blast furnaces of Tan-gsteel and No. 5 blast furnace of Shaosteel.
文摘1 Scope ：This standard specifies the classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packing, marking, transportation, storage and quality certificate of alumina carbon refractory products for continuous casting.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51502214
文摘Regarding the morphology of alumina,effect of the heredity of raw materials on properties of aluminamagnesia refractory castables was investigated by adding platelet alumina as the specific template.In-situ spinel platelet formed derived from platelet alumina.By comparing phase evolution,apparent porosity,bulk density,permanent linear expansion and strength,it was demonstrated that the utilization of the microstructures＇ heredity of platelet alumina was a new alternative for controlling properties of alumina-magnesia refractory castables.
文摘A colloidal silica sol bonded product range is introduced by an example targeting high temperature applications in steel making. Placement and setting characteristics are shown. The thermal mechanical properties and resulting advantages are presented as well as the performance enhancement in corrosion resistance. Properties are compared to a common ULCC product. Results of the industrial trial phase are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272022)Key Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2021CFA071).
文摘High alumina slag will cause severe corrosion at the interface of alumina refractory,and the wetting behavior of slag is a key factor influencing the corrosion resistance of refractory ceramics.The static magnetic field is a promising solution for improvement in the slag resistance of refractory.The wetting of alumina refractory ceramics with different basicities of high alumina slags under a weak static magnetic field was analyzed,given that a weak static magnetic field can affect the corrosion behavior of refractory ceramics.Taking slag S_(3) as an example,when there was an external static magnetic field of 1.0 mT at 1600 ℃,the thickness of calcium aluminate reaction layer at the interface decreased by 36.7%,the denting depth of interface decreased by 35.6%,and the apparent wetting angle increased by 20%.The living radicals and their formation path in oxide melts were verified by first-principles calculation combined with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis.The influence of the flux density of a weak static magnetic field on the wetting behavior of slags was also explored.The contact angle of the slags increased owing to the inhibitory effect of magnetic field on the radicalinvolved reaction at the interface of the slag and the alumina refractory ceramic.The relationships between the magnetic flux density,diffusion coefficient,slag microstructure(hyperfine coupling constant),and contact angle were established.This provides a theoretical basis for the field control of radical involved reactive wetting between inorganic oxide slags and solid oxide ceramics.
