Influence of heat treatment on tribological behaviors of novel wrought aluminum bronze

Influence of heat treatment on mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of Ti and B modified wrought aluminum bronze were studied. The results show that different strength and plasticity combination of the alloy after solution treatment can be obtained by adjusting the ageing temperature. When aged at 450?℃, the tensile strength σ b, yield strength σ 0.2 , elongation δ and hardness of the alloy are 1?050?MPa, 780?MPa, 4.5%, HB282, respectively. When aged at 650?℃, those of the alloy are 905?MPa, 600?MPa, 12%, HB232, respectively. Under boundary lubrication condition with pressure above 22.2?MPa, alloy with low temperature ageing has the best wear property. However, under the condition involving impact or shock loading, alloy with high temperature ageing is preferable. If the load is not heavy, the alloy under extrusion state is favorable for wear resisting parts.

Effects of zincate treatment on adhesion of electroless Ni-P coating onto various aluminum alloys

The effects of alloying elements on zincate treatment and adhesion of electroless Ni-P coating onto various aluminum alloy substrates were examined.Surface morphology of zinc deposits in the 1st zincate treatment and its adhesion were changed depending on the alloying element.The zinc deposits in the 2nd zincate treatment became thinly uniform,and the adhesion between aluminum alloy substrate and Ni-P coating was improved irrespective of the alloying element.XPS analysis revealed the existence of zinc on the surface of each aluminum alloy substrate after the pickling in 5% nitric acid.This zinc on the surface should be an important factor influencing the morphology of zinc deposit at the 2nd zincate treatment and its adhesion.

Strengthening-toughening of 7xxx series high strength aluminum alloys by heat treatment

The effects of stepped solution heat treatments on the dissolution of soluble remnant constituents and mechanical properties of 7055 aluminum alloy were investigated. It was shown that a suitable pretreatment at lower temperature can enable complete dissolution of the constituent particles in 7055 alloy without overheating by subsequent high temperature solution treatment. This in turn increased the tensile strength and fracture toughness of 7055 alloy to 805 MPa and 41.5 MPa·m 1/2 respectively, with approximately 9% tensile elongation. The near solvus pre precipitation following after high temperature solution treatment was also studied on 7055 aluminum alloy. The effect of the pre precipitation on the microstructure, age hardening and stress corrosion cracking of 7055 alloy was investigated. The optical and transimission electron microscopy observation show that the near solvus pre precipitation can be limited to grain boundary and enhance the discontinuity of grain boundary precipitates in the subsequent ageing. The stress corrosion cracking resistance of aged 7055 alloy can be improved via the pre precipitation with non deteriorated strength and plasticity.

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and properties of hot-extruded nickel-aluminum bronze

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of a hot-extruded nickel-aluminum bronze was investigated. Experimental materials were heat treated through different processes, including quenching, normalizing, aging and annealing, and their microstructure, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties were characterized. It is found that quenching causes all β phase transformed into β′ phase, however, normalizing causes β phase transformed into β′, α and κ phases. When the quenched sample is aged, fine к phase is precipitated from the as-quenched microstructure of β′ phase. Annealing causes the transformation of β′ into α and к phases. The results of mechanical property tests show that quenching, normalizing and aging improve the tensile strength and hardness of the experimental material, with a corresponding fall in elongation. Annealing raises the elongation but reduces the tensile strength and hardness. Furthermore, corrosion resistance of nickel-aluminum bronze ranks from worse to better in the following order: aged, quenched, normalized, hot-extruded and annealed. However, with the exposure time of corrosion test increasing, the difference of average corrosion rate between those nickel-aluminum bronzes turns small.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Si Cp/2024 Aluminum Matrix Composite

SiCp/2024 aluminum alloy matrix composite was prepared by powder metallurgy method. Effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of composite were investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD, HREM, tensile and hardness tests. The experimental results showed that SiC particles distributed uniformly in the matrix and were in good combination with matrix. The tensile strength and hardness were improved significantly after heat treatment. With the increase of solid solution temperature, the alloy phases dissolved in the matrix gradually. When the solid solution temperature arrived at 505 ℃, the alloy phases dissolved thoroughly, and the composite exhibited the highest tensile strength and hardness（σb=360 MPa, HBS=104）. The main strengthening phase was Al2Cu, which was granular and distributed dispersively in the matrix. Effect of T6 was better than that of T4 at the same solid solution temperature.

Effects of heat treatment on dynamic compressive properties and energy absorption characteristics of open-cell aluminum alloy foams

The effects of heat treatment on the dynamic compressive properties and energy absorption characteristics of open cell aluminum alloy foams (Al-Mg-Si alloy foam and Al-Cu-Mg alloy foam) produced by infiltrating process were studied. Two kinds of heat treatment were exploited: age-hardening and solution heat treating plus age-hardening (T6). The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used for high strain rate compression test. The results show that both age-hardened and T6-strengthened foams exhibit improved compression strength and shortened plateau region compared with that of foams in as-fabricated state under high strain rate compression, and the energy absorption capacity is also influenced significantly by heat treatment. It is worthy to note that omitting the solution treating can also improve the strength and energy absorbed much.

Plasma Treatment of Aluminum Using a Surface Barrier Discharge Operated in Air and Nitrogen: Parameter Optimization and Related Effects

This paper presents the results of aluminum surface treatment by diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge. The goals are to study the effectiveness of the plasma treatment and the dependence of its efficiency on operation parameters, such as sample-to-electrode distance, treatment time or gas atmosphere. Three types of aluminum materials （bricks, sheets and thin films） were tested to ensure the reliability of the treatment. The changes in the surface properties were characterized by the surface free energy, atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR FTIR） and X-ray photoelectron spec- troscopy （XPS）. The influence of aging effect on the treatment was also measured and discussed.

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE THERMAL EXPANSION BEHAVIOR OF SiC WHISKER REINFORCED ALUMINUM COMPOSITE

The thermal expansion behaviors of commercially-available SiC whisker reinforced pure aluminum composites subjected to different heat treatments were studied. The results indicated that the thermal expansion behaviors were greatly affected by heat treatment. To explain the results, the microstructures and thermal mismatch stresses in the matrix of the composite were examined by the transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The results show that the dislocation density and thermal mismatch stresses in the matrix of the composites water-quenched from 600°C are much higher than those of the composite slowly cooled from 600°C. The analysis suggests that the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) are closely related to the change of thermal mismatch stresses and the yield strength of the matrix of the composite. The comparison of the coefficients of thermal expansion between experiments and calculations suggests that the temperature behaviors of CTE of SiC/Al composite agree better with those of Kerner's model within lower temperature range.

Influence of Chemical Precleaning on the Plasma Treatment Efficiency of Aluminum by RF Plasma Pencil

This paper is aimed to show the influence of initial chemical pretreatment prior to subsequent plasma activation of aluminum surfaces.The results of our study showed that the state of the topmost surface layer（i.e.the surface morphology and chemical groups）of plasma modified aluminum significantly depends on the chemical precleaning.Commonly used chemicals（isopropanol,trichlorethane,solution of Na OH in deionized water）were used as precleaning agents.The plasma treatments were done using a radio frequency driven atmospheric pressure plasma pencil developed at Masaryk University,which operates in Ar,Ar/O_2 gas mixtures.The effectiveness of the plasma treatment was estimated by the wettability measurements,showing high wettability improvement already after 0.3 s treatment.The effects of surface cleaning（hydrocarbon removal）,surface oxidation and activation（generation of OH groups）were estimated using infrared spectroscopy.The changes in the surface morphology were measured using scanning electron microscopy.Optical emission spectroscopy measurements in the near-to-surface region with temperature calculations showed that plasma itself depends on the sample precleaning procedure.

Densification of Thin Aluminum Oxide Films by Thermal Treatments

Thin AlOx films were grown on 4H-SiC by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (ALD) and plasma assisted electron-beam evaporation at 300°C. After deposition, the films were annealed in nitrogen at temperatures between 500°C and 1050°C. The films were analyzed by X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in order to determine film thickness, surface roughness and density of the AlOx layer. No differences were found in the behavior of AlOx films upon annealing for the two different employed deposition techniques. Annealing results in film densification, which is most prominent above the crystallization temperature (800°C). In addition to the increasing density, a mass loss of ~5% was determined and attributed to the presence of aluminum oxyhydroxide in as deposited films. All changes in film properties after high temperature annealing appear to be independent of the deposition technique.

Influence of melt-treatment on material constants of aluminum sheet used for easy-open can during hot deformation

The isothermal compression test at elevated temperature was carried out for aluminum sheets prepared by different melt-treatment methods with aid of dynamic hot/mechanical simulation experimental technology. The material constants of hot deformation have been solved by multivariate regression directly. Influence of metallurgy factors on the constants was analyzed. The results show that at some strain, the relationship of sheets’ flow stress with deformation temperature and strain rate can be expressed more suitably with Arrhenius equation modified by hyperbolic sine function. Structure factor A1, stress-level coefficient α, strain rate sensibility exponent m and deformation activation energy Q all increase with increment of strain, while stress exponent n decreases gradually. The bigger α value or the smaller n value is, the more obvious the dynamic softening is, but the α value will increase for the metallurgy defects existing in the sheets. Influence of melt-treatment on Q depends upon the synthesis effect of all kinds of metallurgy defects. The Q and n values of the sheet prepared by high-efficient melt-treatment are the least, while the m value is the biggest, and the sheet can deform easily and evenly.

Effect of heat-treatment on microstructure and properties of SiC particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composite

The effects of solid solution and aging processing on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the multi-layer spray co-deposited 7090Al/SiCp composite were investigated. The experimented results show that fine grains and homogeneous microstructures can be obtained,the average grain size of the as-solid solution treated and as-aged composites after extrusion is under 3.0 μm. A large amount of the Cu-rich phase particles form in the as-extruded samples,and solve into the matrix after solid solution treatment. After aging,the size of the precipitate phases,mainly MgZn2 and CuAl2 is less than 1.0 μm,which homogeneously distribute inside the grains and at the grain boundaries. The ultimate tensile strength of the composite treated at T6 state,i.e. solid solution treated at 475 ℃ for 1 h then aged at 120 ℃ for 24 h,is up to 765 MPa.

固溶处理对6061铝合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和维氏显微硬度计研究了固溶处理对压缩态6061铝合金显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:压缩态6061铝合金经过固溶处理后有细小等轴再结晶晶粒形成,再结晶晶粒的形成弱化了其织构强度。随着固溶处理时间增加,合金中的再结晶晶粒增多,织构强度降低。6061铝合金经过固溶处理后由于固溶强化的作用导致其硬度显著增大,但随着固溶处理时间的增加,合金的晶粒尺寸增大,细晶强化作用降低,致使合金的硬度值有所减小。

深冷处理对7A62铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用XRD、SEM、TEM、硬度测试以及拉伸测试等研究T6处理、时效前深冷DCT5h-T6处理和时效后深冷T6-DCT5h处理对7A62铝合金微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:相比于T6处理,深冷处理后合金析出相的尺寸减小、数密度增大,位错密度提高;受析出相与位错密度的共同影响,DCT5hT6处理合金的强度和伸长率均有所提升。与DCT5h-T6处理相比,T6-DCT5h处理进一步促进了析出相的形核,其尺寸细化且分布更加均匀,数密度约提高5%;T6-DCT5h处理可使得合金获得较优的综合力学性能,合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为584 MPa、637 MPa和10.7%,较常规T6处理分别提高28MPa、10 MPa以及37%。

热处理对GNP-Al复合材料显微组织和性能的影响

本文以石墨烯为增强相,采用高能超声辅助铸造法及后续热处理制备了铝基复合材料,并研究石墨烯和热处理对复合材料显微组织、力学性能和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,石墨烯促进了复合材料晶粒细化,且热处理后Si相进一步细化及圆整。经热处理后复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度(245和319MPa)比基体(119和202MPa)分别提高了105.9%、57.9%。磨损试验结果表明,添加石墨烯和T6热处理后复合材料的磨损率最低,磨损机制由剥层磨损转变为磨粒磨损。

二次铝灰无害化处理和资源化利用研究进展

二次铝灰是铝熔渣经提取金属铝后得到的固体废弃物,含有氮化铝以及盐类精炼剂,二次铝灰具有污染和资源的双重属性,长期堆存会对环境构成威胁,而夹杂其中的铝化合物可用于二次回收利用,缓解环境危机。目前,二次铝灰的回收利用方法主要包括湿法冶金和火法冶金,湿法冶金主要是将二次铝灰进行溶解,提取里面的铝元素制备氧化铝、聚合氯化铝等;火法冶金主要是在高温条件下煅烧,制备微晶玻璃、耐火材料等。本文总结了二次铝灰的危害,概述了二次铝灰的无害化处理和资源化利用的现状,以期提高二次铝灰的资源化利用效率,降低二次铝灰对环境的污染。

T6态ZL105-(Pr+Ce)合金的组织及力学性能研究

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、EDS分析仪、布氏硬度与拉伸试验研究了混合稀土与T6热处理对ZL105合金的微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,当添加0.5wt%的稀土(Pr+Ce)后,ZL105合金的α-Al相、共晶Si相及富Fe相均被细化。ZL105-0.5wt%(Pr+Ce)合金经T6热处理后,α-Al相进一步细化,晶粒趋于圆整,共晶Si相也进一步细化,由长条状转变为短颗粒状,但是富Fe相的形貌和尺寸没有发生明显变化。T6态ZL105-0.5wt%(Pr+Ce)合金的抗拉强度、伸长率及硬度分别为257.7 MPa、7.0%、98 HB。T6态ZL105-0.5wt%(Pr+Ce)合金的断口为典型的塑性断裂特征,断口表面出现了许多韧窝,主要以小韧窝为主,分布较均匀且密集。T6热处理后合金的力学性能得到了显著改善。

初始状态对铝锂合金蠕变时效行为的影响及其机制

采用180℃、恒定应力140 MPa蠕变时效试验、室温力学拉伸试验和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察,分析了不同初始状态对2195铝锂合金蠕变时效行为的影响。结果表明,重固溶态合金的蠕变量最大,其次是峰时效态,回归态的试样则具有最小的蠕变变形。其屈服和抗拉强度顺序为重固溶态>峰时效态>回归态。而断裂伸长率依次为重固溶>峰时效>回归态。最后揭示了重固溶态的蠕变时效合金的高强韧性机制:晶内均匀分布的细小强化相(T_(1)相)和较窄的晶界无析出带的共同作用。

管线钢X65连铸过程絮流原因分析

通过对低碳低硫低氧铝镇静钢X65连铸过程絮流原因的分析,得出引起塞棒絮流的原因是高Ca的钙铝酸盐粘附在塞棒头部。浇注初期,塞棒头部吸热使周围钢液温度急剧下降,析出高熔点钙铝酸盐被粘附在塞棒头部,引起塞棒曲线上行。另外,通过热力学计算,在低碳低硫低氧铝镇静钢X65中,1 540℃时,形成12CaO·7Al_(2)O_(3)需要的w[Ca]为16×10^(-6),过量的Ca进一步反应形成高熔点钙铝酸盐。在中间包工作层、塞棒、水口、碗口等与钢水接触部位全部使用镁质耐材的条件下,在低碳低硫低氧的铝镇静钢生产时,向钢液中喂入的Ca含量越多,塞棒上行程度越严重。采用高碱度渣系和Al降低钢中的O和S,将Ca喂入量控制在0.065 0~0.071 5 kg/t,中间包w[Ca]控制在(10~15)×10^(-6),可以有效控制塞棒絮流。

铝电极电絮凝法处理机械加工含乳化液废水技术研究

采用铝电极电絮凝法处理机械加工含乳化液废水.实验结果表明,最佳的电解工艺条件为:电解电压=35V,反应时间=60min,电解质NaCl投加量=0.10g/L,pH值=3,破乳剂CaCl_(2)投加量=10g/L.在此条件下,废水COD去除率可以达到956%,出水COD可以达到500mg/L以下.此方法具有处理效果好、反应时间短等优点,在含乳化液废水处理领域具有良好的应用前景.