Municipal amalgamation has been done in many countries in recent years as the result of a push to enlarge the size and coverage of local government units, which in turn is driven mainly by the prospect of economies of...Municipal amalgamation has been done in many countries in recent years as the result of a push to enlarge the size and coverage of local government units, which in turn is driven mainly by the prospect of economies of scale. However, while municipality amalgamation or boundary reform raises population size, it introduces organizational changes in the local government that might increase administrative inefficiency. The choice for the method of integration of administrative functions before amalgamation might affect to public expenditure after amalgamation. This study uses Japanese municipal-level data and argues for a relation between the choice for the method of integration of administrative functions and cost inefficiency after amalgamation. The results show that the fully distributed facility method is more likely to be adopted in a larger administrative jurisdiction and in one with large differences in finances or political structures between amalgamated sub-regions. Moreover, the results of stochastic frontier regression show that new municipality adopting fully distributed facility method can possibly increase inefficiency by expanding organizational slack because the new administration system will be insufficient integration of administrative functions.展开更多
In the current work,we explored a new knowledge amalgama-tion problem,termed Federated Selective Aggregation for on-device knowledge amalgamation(FedSA).FedSA aims to train an on-device student model for a new task wi...In the current work,we explored a new knowledge amalgama-tion problem,termed Federated Selective Aggregation for on-device knowledge amalgamation(FedSA).FedSA aims to train an on-device student model for a new task with the help of several decentralized teachers whose pre-training tasks and data are different and agnos-tic.The motivation to investigate such a problem setup stems from a recent dilemma of model sharing.Due to privacy,security or in-tellectual property issues,the pre-trained models are,however,not able to be shared,and the resources of devices are usually limited.The proposed FedSA offers a solution to this dilemma and makes it one step further,again,the method can be employed on low-power and resource-limited devices.To this end,a dedicated strategy was proposed to handle the knowledge amalgamation.Specifically,the student-training process in the current work was driven by a novel saliency-based approach which adaptively selects teachers as the par-ticipants and integrated their representative capabilities into the stu-dent.To evaluate the effectiveness of FedSA,experiments on both single-task and multi-task settings were conducted.The experimental results demonstrate that FedSA could effectively amalgamate knowl-edge from decentralized models and achieve competitive performance to centralized baselines.展开更多
Currently a technique widely used for gold extraction is mercury by amalgamation technique, the tailing produced pollutes water of all kinds, so it is necessary to develop a form of selective mitigation, for which it ...Currently a technique widely used for gold extraction is mercury by amalgamation technique, the tailing produced pollutes water of all kinds, so it is necessary to develop a form of selective mitigation, for which it is necessary to use complexing agents based on calixarene functionalized with mercury sequestering agents. These are immobilized by adding supports based on natural silica to form polymers and make them insoluble in all types of solvents, so that they can be used as an extractor and at the same time regenerate to their original properties for continuous reuse.展开更多
Along with China's urbanization,the spatial redistribution of the country's population has led to difficulties for local governance,especially in areas experiencing population outflows.Municipal amalgamation i...Along with China's urbanization,the spatial redistribution of the country's population has led to difficulties for local governance,especially in areas experiencing population outflows.Municipal amalgamation is an ffctive response.This study uses administrative system code data that are accurate at the community and village level to verify the causal relationship between migration and village or community municipal amalgamation.It shows that migration has been an important reason for municipal amalgamation.Counties with greater population outflow have experienced more frequent amalgamation,manifesting a decrease in the numbers of villages and communities.This study,also examined the consequences of this amalgamation,finding that it can significantly alleviate local governments'fiscal pressures and promote public services in the long term.It is of great importance for improving the grassroots governance of population outflow areas during rapid urbanization in China.展开更多
With the aids of SEM,XPS measurements,localized plasmon resonance light scattering(PRLS) spectrometry and light scattering imaging,investigations on the amalgamation process of both cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB...With the aids of SEM,XPS measurements,localized plasmon resonance light scattering(PRLS) spectrometry and light scattering imaging,investigations on the amalgamation process of both cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) and citrate-coated gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) in the presence of Hg2+ showed that the Au-Hg amalgam process of gold nanoparticles is surface coating dependent in aqueous medium,and the scattering light color change of AuNPs under a dark-field microscope is blue-shifted from red-orange into yellow-orange or even yellow.The former one involves the reduction of Hg2+ to Hg0 species and adsorption of Hg0 on the surfaces of AuNPs,while the later one indicates the shape-evolution of AuNPs.展开更多
Wiener amalgam spaces are a class of function spaces where the function’s local and global behavior can be easily distinguished. These spaces are ex-tensively used in Harmonic analysis that originated in the work of ...Wiener amalgam spaces are a class of function spaces where the function’s local and global behavior can be easily distinguished. These spaces are ex-tensively used in Harmonic analysis that originated in the work of Wiener. In this paper: we first introduce a two-variable exponent amalgam space (L<sup>q</sup><sup>()</sup>,l<sup>p</sup><sup>()</sup>)(Ω). Secondly, we investigate some basic properties of these spaces, and finally, we study their dual.展开更多
Deepwater turbidite lobe reservoirs have massive hydrocarbon potential and represent one of the most promising exploration targets for hydrocarbon industry.Key elements of turbidite lobes internal heterogeneity includ...Deepwater turbidite lobe reservoirs have massive hydrocarbon potential and represent one of the most promising exploration targets for hydrocarbon industry.Key elements of turbidite lobes internal heterogeneity include the architectural hierarchy and complex amalgamations at each hierarchical level leading to the complex distribution of shale drapes.Due to limitation of data,to build models realistically honoring the reservoir architecture provides an effective way to reduce risk and improve hydrocarbon recovery.A variety of modeling techniques on turbidite lobes exist and can be broadly grouped into pixel-based,process-based,process-oriented,surface-based,object-based and a hybrid approach of two or more of these methods.The rationale and working process of methods is reviewed,along with their pros and cons.In terms of geological realism,object-based models can capture the most realistic architectures,including the multiple hierarchy and the amalgamations at different hierarchical levels.In terms of data conditioning,pixel-based and multiple-point statistics methods could honor the input data to the best degree.In practical,dif?ferent methods should be adopted depending on the goal of the project.Such a review could improve the understanding of existing modeling methods on turbidite lobes and could benefit the hydrocarbon exploration activities of such reservoirs in offshore China.展开更多
The results of scientific and applied investigations on mercury contamination in the areas impacted by gold mining in Siberia and the Far East were considered. Gold mining has an impact on the contamination not onl...The results of scientific and applied investigations on mercury contamination in the areas impacted by gold mining in Siberia and the Far East were considered. Gold mining has an impact on the contamination not only in industrial but in residential territories too. The mutual Russian Chinese investigation on mercury contamination of the Amur (Heilongjiang) River was proposed. The program of solving of the problems of mercury contamination in Russian gold mining areas is discussed.展开更多
Small-scale gold mining is the largest anthropogenic contributor of mercury pollution on planet Earth. The miners grind gold ore together with mercury in order to recover the fine gold grains. The gold amalgam is burn...Small-scale gold mining is the largest anthropogenic contributor of mercury pollution on planet Earth. The miners grind gold ore together with mercury in order to recover the fine gold grains. The gold amalgam is burned whereby the mercury evaporates and gold is left behind. This processing extracts only a fraction of the gold in the ore and the released mercury causes serious global health and environmental problems. However, a mercury-free method described below has proved to extract up to twice as much gold without need of investment in new processing equipment and without longer processing time. The method has successfully been tested in the Philippines, Indonesia, Tanzania, Bolivia and Zimbabwe.展开更多
In this paper, we shall deal with the boundedness of the Littlewood-Paley operators with rough kernel. We prove the boundedness of the Lusin-area integral μΩs and Littlewood-Paley functions μΩ and μλ^＊ on the w...In this paper, we shall deal with the boundedness of the Littlewood-Paley operators with rough kernel. We prove the boundedness of the Lusin-area integral μΩs and Littlewood-Paley functions μΩ and μλ^＊ on the weighted amalgam spaces （Lω^q,L^p）^α（R^n）as 1〈q≤α〈p≤∞.展开更多
This case report describes a woman aged approximately 50 years who has suffered from balance dysregulation and dizziness for more than 10 years. Although the subject underwent several examinations to confirm the etiol...This case report describes a woman aged approximately 50 years who has suffered from balance dysregulation and dizziness for more than 10 years. Although the subject underwent several examinations to confirm the etiology of her symptoms, the root cause remained unknown. The symptoms were thought to be caused by electromagnetic wave hypersensitivity because the subject experienced uneasiness and dizziness when a cell phone was held close to her body. A cell phone was used to diagnose the collection of harmful electromagnetic waves, and an amalgam filling was determined to be the cause. The amalgam filling was removed under strict protection, and the subject’s symptoms completely disappeared soon after the filling was removed.展开更多
At gold mining in the 19th～20th centuries on technogenous deposits of cryolitozone, considerable amounts of mercury-containing elements (amalgams) have been accumulated. Urgency of their utilization is caused by nece...At gold mining in the 19th～20th centuries on technogenous deposits of cryolitozone, considerable amounts of mercury-containing elements (amalgams) have been accumulated. Urgency of their utilization is caused by necessity of providing safe vital activity. It can be achieved when elaborating up-to-date technologies providing self-support of utilization as a consequence of extracting precious metals. Difficulty of this problem realization is caused by the absence of theoretical and applied elaborations of making the appropriate works in cryolitozone. The main trends of the problem solving on the grounds of creating scientific method foundations for investigating the cryolitozone amalgams transformation have been considered in the paper. Dynamics has been shown and the revealed regularities of their transformation, testifying of the occurrence of hydrometallurgic processes in cryolitozone massifs in situ, resulted in the decline of gold reserves at decreasing dispersity and increasing hallmarking, have been analyzed.展开更多
文摘Municipal amalgamation has been done in many countries in recent years as the result of a push to enlarge the size and coverage of local government units, which in turn is driven mainly by the prospect of economies of scale. However, while municipality amalgamation or boundary reform raises population size, it introduces organizational changes in the local government that might increase administrative inefficiency. The choice for the method of integration of administrative functions before amalgamation might affect to public expenditure after amalgamation. This study uses Japanese municipal-level data and argues for a relation between the choice for the method of integration of administrative functions and cost inefficiency after amalgamation. The results show that the fully distributed facility method is more likely to be adopted in a larger administrative jurisdiction and in one with large differences in finances or political structures between amalgamated sub-regions. Moreover, the results of stochastic frontier regression show that new municipality adopting fully distributed facility method can possibly increase inefficiency by expanding organizational slack because the new administration system will be insufficient integration of administrative functions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61976186,U20B2066)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2021FZZX001-23,226-2023-00048).
文摘In the current work,we explored a new knowledge amalgama-tion problem,termed Federated Selective Aggregation for on-device knowledge amalgamation(FedSA).FedSA aims to train an on-device student model for a new task with the help of several decentralized teachers whose pre-training tasks and data are different and agnos-tic.The motivation to investigate such a problem setup stems from a recent dilemma of model sharing.Due to privacy,security or in-tellectual property issues,the pre-trained models are,however,not able to be shared,and the resources of devices are usually limited.The proposed FedSA offers a solution to this dilemma and makes it one step further,again,the method can be employed on low-power and resource-limited devices.To this end,a dedicated strategy was proposed to handle the knowledge amalgamation.Specifically,the student-training process in the current work was driven by a novel saliency-based approach which adaptively selects teachers as the par-ticipants and integrated their representative capabilities into the stu-dent.To evaluate the effectiveness of FedSA,experiments on both single-task and multi-task settings were conducted.The experimental results demonstrate that FedSA could effectively amalgamate knowl-edge from decentralized models and achieve competitive performance to centralized baselines.
文摘Currently a technique widely used for gold extraction is mercury by amalgamation technique, the tailing produced pollutes water of all kinds, so it is necessary to develop a form of selective mitigation, for which it is necessary to use complexing agents based on calixarene functionalized with mercury sequestering agents. These are immobilized by adding supports based on natural silica to form polymers and make them insoluble in all types of solvents, so that they can be used as an extractor and at the same time regenerate to their original properties for continuous reuse.
基金the China Merchants Foundation Young Scholar Funding Program“Research on Contemporary Chinese Social Governance"project.Ning Jia appreciates the National Science Foundation(No.72073094)for research funding.Huiyong Zhong appreciates research funding from the Center for Modern Finance Research,Shanghai Jiaotong University.
文摘Along with China's urbanization,the spatial redistribution of the country's population has led to difficulties for local governance,especially in areas experiencing population outflows.Municipal amalgamation is an ffctive response.This study uses administrative system code data that are accurate at the community and village level to verify the causal relationship between migration and village or community municipal amalgamation.It shows that migration has been an important reason for municipal amalgamation.Counties with greater population outflow have experienced more frequent amalgamation,manifesting a decrease in the numbers of villages and communities.This study,also examined the consequences of this amalgamation,finding that it can significantly alleviate local governments'fiscal pressures and promote public services in the long term.It is of great importance for improving the grassroots governance of population outflow areas during rapid urbanization in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21035005)Postgraduate Science and Technology Innovation Program of Southwest China University (2009004)
文摘With the aids of SEM,XPS measurements,localized plasmon resonance light scattering(PRLS) spectrometry and light scattering imaging,investigations on the amalgamation process of both cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) and citrate-coated gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) in the presence of Hg2+ showed that the Au-Hg amalgam process of gold nanoparticles is surface coating dependent in aqueous medium,and the scattering light color change of AuNPs under a dark-field microscope is blue-shifted from red-orange into yellow-orange or even yellow.The former one involves the reduction of Hg2+ to Hg0 species and adsorption of Hg0 on the surfaces of AuNPs,while the later one indicates the shape-evolution of AuNPs.
文摘Wiener amalgam spaces are a class of function spaces where the function’s local and global behavior can be easily distinguished. These spaces are ex-tensively used in Harmonic analysis that originated in the work of Wiener. In this paper: we first introduce a two-variable exponent amalgam space (L<sup>q</sup><sup>()</sup>,l<sup>p</sup><sup>()</sup>)(Ω). Secondly, we investigate some basic properties of these spaces, and finally, we study their dual.
基金China Scholarship Council,University College Dublin are thanked for the financial support.
文摘Deepwater turbidite lobe reservoirs have massive hydrocarbon potential and represent one of the most promising exploration targets for hydrocarbon industry.Key elements of turbidite lobes internal heterogeneity include the architectural hierarchy and complex amalgamations at each hierarchical level leading to the complex distribution of shale drapes.Due to limitation of data,to build models realistically honoring the reservoir architecture provides an effective way to reduce risk and improve hydrocarbon recovery.A variety of modeling techniques on turbidite lobes exist and can be broadly grouped into pixel-based,process-based,process-oriented,surface-based,object-based and a hybrid approach of two or more of these methods.The rationale and working process of methods is reviewed,along with their pros and cons.In terms of geological realism,object-based models can capture the most realistic architectures,including the multiple hierarchy and the amalgamations at different hierarchical levels.In terms of data conditioning,pixel-based and multiple-point statistics methods could honor the input data to the best degree.In practical,dif?ferent methods should be adopted depending on the goal of the project.Such a review could improve the understanding of existing modeling methods on turbidite lobes and could benefit the hydrocarbon exploration activities of such reservoirs in offshore China.
文摘The results of scientific and applied investigations on mercury contamination in the areas impacted by gold mining in Siberia and the Far East were considered. Gold mining has an impact on the contamination not only in industrial but in residential territories too. The mutual Russian Chinese investigation on mercury contamination of the Amur (Heilongjiang) River was proposed. The program of solving of the problems of mercury contamination in Russian gold mining areas is discussed.
文摘Small-scale gold mining is the largest anthropogenic contributor of mercury pollution on planet Earth. The miners grind gold ore together with mercury in order to recover the fine gold grains. The gold amalgam is burned whereby the mercury evaporates and gold is left behind. This processing extracts only a fraction of the gold in the ore and the released mercury causes serious global health and environmental problems. However, a mercury-free method described below has proved to extract up to twice as much gold without need of investment in new processing equipment and without longer processing time. The method has successfully been tested in the Philippines, Indonesia, Tanzania, Bolivia and Zimbabwe.
基金supported in part by National Natural Foundation of China (Grant No. 11161042 and No. 11071250)
文摘In this paper, we shall deal with the boundedness of the Littlewood-Paley operators with rough kernel. We prove the boundedness of the Lusin-area integral μΩs and Littlewood-Paley functions μΩ and μλ^＊ on the weighted amalgam spaces （Lω^q,L^p）^α（R^n）as 1〈q≤α〈p≤∞.
文摘This case report describes a woman aged approximately 50 years who has suffered from balance dysregulation and dizziness for more than 10 years. Although the subject underwent several examinations to confirm the etiology of her symptoms, the root cause remained unknown. The symptoms were thought to be caused by electromagnetic wave hypersensitivity because the subject experienced uneasiness and dizziness when a cell phone was held close to her body. A cell phone was used to diagnose the collection of harmful electromagnetic waves, and an amalgam filling was determined to be the cause. The amalgam filling was removed under strict protection, and the subject’s symptoms completely disappeared soon after the filling was removed.
文摘At gold mining in the 19th～20th centuries on technogenous deposits of cryolitozone, considerable amounts of mercury-containing elements (amalgams) have been accumulated. Urgency of their utilization is caused by necessity of providing safe vital activity. It can be achieved when elaborating up-to-date technologies providing self-support of utilization as a consequence of extracting precious metals. Difficulty of this problem realization is caused by the absence of theoretical and applied elaborations of making the appropriate works in cryolitozone. The main trends of the problem solving on the grounds of creating scientific method foundations for investigating the cryolitozone amalgams transformation have been considered in the paper. Dynamics has been shown and the revealed regularities of their transformation, testifying of the occurrence of hydrometallurgic processes in cryolitozone massifs in situ, resulted in the decline of gold reserves at decreasing dispersity and increasing hallmarking, have been analyzed.
