Objective To investigate the association between ambient air pollution and hospital emergency admissions in Beijing. Methods In this study, a semi-parametric generalized additive model （GAM） was used to evaluate the...Objective To investigate the association between ambient air pollution and hospital emergency admissions in Beijing. Methods In this study, a semi-parametric generalized additive model （GAM） was used to evaluate the specific influences of air pollutants （PM10, SO2, and NO2） on hospital emergency admissions with different lag structures from 2009 to 2011, the sex and age specific influences of air pollution and the modifying effect of seasons on air pollution to analyze the possible interaction. Results It was found that a 10μg/m3 increase in concentration of PMlo at lag 03 day, SO2 and NO2 at lag 0 day were associated with an increase of 0.88%, 0.76%, and 1.82% respectively in overall emergency admissions. A 10 lag/m3 increase in concentration of PM10, SO2 and NO2 at lag 5 day were associated with an increase of 1.39%, 1.56%, and 1.18% respectively in cardiovascular disease emergency admissions. For lag 02, a 10 μg/m3 increase in concentration of PM10, SO2 and NO2 were associated with 1.72%, 1.34%, and 2.57% increases respectively in respiratory disease emergency admissions. Conclusion This study further confirmed that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with increased risk of hospital emergency admissions in Beijing.展开更多
Benzene is a carcinogenic air pollutant for which European legislation has set an annual limit and criteria for the number of fixed monitoring sites within air quality networks(AQMN).However,due to the limited number ...Benzene is a carcinogenic air pollutant for which European legislation has set an annual limit and criteria for the number of fixed monitoring sites within air quality networks(AQMN).However,due to the limited number of fixed sites for benzene measurement,exposure data are lacking.Considering the relationship between benzene levels and other variables monitored within an AQMN,such as NO_(2),O_(3),temperature,solar radiation,and accumulated precipitation,this study proposes an approach for estimating benzene air concentrations from the related variables.Using the data of the aforementioned variables from23 fixed stations during 2016-2017,the proposed approach was able to forecast benzene concentration for 2018 with high confidence,providing enriched data on benzene exposure and its trends.Moreover,the spatial distribution of the estimated versus the most representative benzene levels was quite similar.Finally,an artificial neural network identified the most representative fixed benzene monitoring sites within the AQMN.展开更多
针对当前中国房间空调器领域缺少全面系统地计算空调全生命周期气候性能(LCCP)模型的问题,结合辐射时间序列法(RTSM)与空调系统LCCP计算,利用RSTM法对空调负荷进行动态计算.根据室外温度、城市所处温区和室内人员状态对空调开启条件进...针对当前中国房间空调器领域缺少全面系统地计算空调全生命周期气候性能(LCCP)模型的问题,结合辐射时间序列法(RTSM)与空调系统LCCP计算,利用RSTM法对空调负荷进行动态计算.根据室外温度、城市所处温区和室内人员状态对空调开启条件进行定义,使得空调开机时间更贴近实际情况.通过Visual Studio 2013构造整体的软件模型,分析不同制冷剂、不同温区、不同能源结构、不同生活特性和不同墙体轻重类型对空调系统LCCP的影响.分析结果表明,采用新型制冷剂、环保的电力生产结构和重质墙体,能够有效地减少空调系统LCCP,夏热冬冷地区空调系统带来的温室效应远高于集中供暖地区(严寒地区和寒冷地区).展开更多
基金supported by the Gong-Yi Program of China Meteorological Administration(GYHY201106034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzuibky-2013-m03)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41075103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41075102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41305105)
文摘Objective To investigate the association between ambient air pollution and hospital emergency admissions in Beijing. Methods In this study, a semi-parametric generalized additive model （GAM） was used to evaluate the specific influences of air pollutants （PM10, SO2, and NO2） on hospital emergency admissions with different lag structures from 2009 to 2011, the sex and age specific influences of air pollution and the modifying effect of seasons on air pollution to analyze the possible interaction. Results It was found that a 10μg/m3 increase in concentration of PMlo at lag 03 day, SO2 and NO2 at lag 0 day were associated with an increase of 0.88%, 0.76%, and 1.82% respectively in overall emergency admissions. A 10 lag/m3 increase in concentration of PM10, SO2 and NO2 at lag 5 day were associated with an increase of 1.39%, 1.56%, and 1.18% respectively in cardiovascular disease emergency admissions. For lag 02, a 10 μg/m3 increase in concentration of PM10, SO2 and NO2 were associated with 1.72%, 1.34%, and 2.57% increases respectively in respiratory disease emergency admissions. Conclusion This study further confirmed that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with increased risk of hospital emergency admissions in Beijing.
文摘Benzene is a carcinogenic air pollutant for which European legislation has set an annual limit and criteria for the number of fixed monitoring sites within air quality networks(AQMN).However,due to the limited number of fixed sites for benzene measurement,exposure data are lacking.Considering the relationship between benzene levels and other variables monitored within an AQMN,such as NO_(2),O_(3),temperature,solar radiation,and accumulated precipitation,this study proposes an approach for estimating benzene air concentrations from the related variables.Using the data of the aforementioned variables from23 fixed stations during 2016-2017,the proposed approach was able to forecast benzene concentration for 2018 with high confidence,providing enriched data on benzene exposure and its trends.Moreover,the spatial distribution of the estimated versus the most representative benzene levels was quite similar.Finally,an artificial neural network identified the most representative fixed benzene monitoring sites within the AQMN.
文摘针对当前中国房间空调器领域缺少全面系统地计算空调全生命周期气候性能(LCCP)模型的问题,结合辐射时间序列法(RTSM)与空调系统LCCP计算,利用RSTM法对空调负荷进行动态计算.根据室外温度、城市所处温区和室内人员状态对空调开启条件进行定义,使得空调开机时间更贴近实际情况.通过Visual Studio 2013构造整体的软件模型,分析不同制冷剂、不同温区、不同能源结构、不同生活特性和不同墙体轻重类型对空调系统LCCP的影响.分析结果表明,采用新型制冷剂、环保的电力生产结构和重质墙体,能够有效地减少空调系统LCCP,夏热冬冷地区空调系统带来的温室效应远高于集中供暖地区(严寒地区和寒冷地区).
