《社区与心血管健康科学声明》由心血管病学专家、流行病学专家和预防医学专家组成的写作小组参与起草,并于2023年12月发表于美国心脏协会官方期刊Circulation:Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes。该科学声明主要阐述如何利用社区对...《社区与心血管健康科学声明》由心血管病学专家、流行病学专家和预防医学专家组成的写作小组参与起草,并于2023年12月发表于美国心脏协会官方期刊Circulation:Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes。该科学声明主要阐述如何利用社区对心血管疾病影响的现有知识,为制定和实施有效的干预措施提供路径图,在群体、卫生系统、社区和个人层面改善心血管健康,减轻心血管疾病负担。我国目前也面临着城乡之间、城市之间和乡村之间社区基础设施不均衡而带来的心血管健康不平等的问题。因此,对该科学声明进行解读,可在社区层面上为我国心血管疾病防治工作提供新的视角和思路,并建议将社区层面的干预措施纳入改善心血管健康的干预措施,以改善公众的心血管健康。展开更多
Various Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) can be catastrophic and can lead to irreversible outcomes. Despite improved interventions for CVD prevention awareness, there continues to be discussion and research on diet-rela...Various Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) can be catastrophic and can lead to irreversible outcomes. Despite improved interventions for CVD prevention awareness, there continues to be discussion and research on diet-related CVD and mortality without addressing the problem. Instead of prioritizing public guidelines and policies, policymakers should understand CVD and address population barriers to adhering to a healthy diet that decreases CVD risk. Therefore, this project aims to analyze federal healthy food incentive policies to promote healthy diet behaviors that reduce CVD risk. The method used was existing data for a comparative policy analysis that included a policy proposal process: phases of progression, measures, and a policy model with data collection and requirements. This analysis compared a current federal food incentive program versus the proposed program. Results of the final analysis derived from the literature review and collected data stated consuming foods from the Mediterranean and other low-fat and low-salt diets reduced CVD risks that also reduced other risks secondary to CVD, such as obesity, diabetes, and Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA). Comparatively, combined healthy food incentives and disincentives were more effective for improving healthy behaviors than, in some cases, even after incentives were removed. Therefore, this policy analysis supports the indication for incentive policy change. However, the lack of federal stakeholders’ response to key policy changes upon proposal submission may require other methods of proposal dissemination. Nonetheless, focusing analysis on various Food Insecurity Nutrition Incentive (FINI) programs instead of one, multi-state program, which may have improved analysis outcomes, was the lesson learned.展开更多
90%的卒中风险与10大危险因素有关。健康生活方式作为卒中预防的基石是所有医生都必须推荐的。最近的临床试验已证实,卒中预防策略的改善存在许多机会。很显然,对于糖尿病以及既往卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作患者,采用他汀类药物积极降低低...90%的卒中风险与10大危险因素有关。健康生活方式作为卒中预防的基石是所有医生都必须推荐的。最近的临床试验已证实,卒中预防策略的改善存在许多机会。很显然,对于糖尿病以及既往卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作患者,采用他汀类药物积极降低低密度脂蛋白,可减少总的卒中和致死性卒中的风险。对于心房颤动患者的卒中一级和二级预防,正在谨慎制定最佳抗凝和抗血小板治疗措施;达比加群已获美国食品和药品管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)批准用于部分患者的二级预防,指南已做了更新。关于颈动脉成形和支架术(carotid angioplasty and stenting,CAS)未来的作用仍有争议,CAS较颈动脉内膜切除术(carotid endarterectomy,CEA)风险更大;为确定CAS与CEA比较的疗效,还需完成长期随访;对于适合于手术者CEA应仍然是首选。关于高血压与卒中预防,最新研究有可能成为临床实践发生较大改变的基础。展开更多
文摘《社区与心血管健康科学声明》由心血管病学专家、流行病学专家和预防医学专家组成的写作小组参与起草,并于2023年12月发表于美国心脏协会官方期刊Circulation:Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes。该科学声明主要阐述如何利用社区对心血管疾病影响的现有知识,为制定和实施有效的干预措施提供路径图,在群体、卫生系统、社区和个人层面改善心血管健康,减轻心血管疾病负担。我国目前也面临着城乡之间、城市之间和乡村之间社区基础设施不均衡而带来的心血管健康不平等的问题。因此,对该科学声明进行解读,可在社区层面上为我国心血管疾病防治工作提供新的视角和思路,并建议将社区层面的干预措施纳入改善心血管健康的干预措施,以改善公众的心血管健康。
文摘Various Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) can be catastrophic and can lead to irreversible outcomes. Despite improved interventions for CVD prevention awareness, there continues to be discussion and research on diet-related CVD and mortality without addressing the problem. Instead of prioritizing public guidelines and policies, policymakers should understand CVD and address population barriers to adhering to a healthy diet that decreases CVD risk. Therefore, this project aims to analyze federal healthy food incentive policies to promote healthy diet behaviors that reduce CVD risk. The method used was existing data for a comparative policy analysis that included a policy proposal process: phases of progression, measures, and a policy model with data collection and requirements. This analysis compared a current federal food incentive program versus the proposed program. Results of the final analysis derived from the literature review and collected data stated consuming foods from the Mediterranean and other low-fat and low-salt diets reduced CVD risks that also reduced other risks secondary to CVD, such as obesity, diabetes, and Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA). Comparatively, combined healthy food incentives and disincentives were more effective for improving healthy behaviors than, in some cases, even after incentives were removed. Therefore, this policy analysis supports the indication for incentive policy change. However, the lack of federal stakeholders’ response to key policy changes upon proposal submission may require other methods of proposal dissemination. Nonetheless, focusing analysis on various Food Insecurity Nutrition Incentive (FINI) programs instead of one, multi-state program, which may have improved analysis outcomes, was the lesson learned.
文摘90%的卒中风险与10大危险因素有关。健康生活方式作为卒中预防的基石是所有医生都必须推荐的。最近的临床试验已证实,卒中预防策略的改善存在许多机会。很显然,对于糖尿病以及既往卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作患者,采用他汀类药物积极降低低密度脂蛋白,可减少总的卒中和致死性卒中的风险。对于心房颤动患者的卒中一级和二级预防,正在谨慎制定最佳抗凝和抗血小板治疗措施;达比加群已获美国食品和药品管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)批准用于部分患者的二级预防,指南已做了更新。关于颈动脉成形和支架术(carotid angioplasty and stenting,CAS)未来的作用仍有争议,CAS较颈动脉内膜切除术(carotid endarterectomy,CEA)风险更大;为确定CAS与CEA比较的疗效,还需完成长期随访;对于适合于手术者CEA应仍然是首选。关于高血压与卒中预防,最新研究有可能成为临床实践发生较大改变的基础。
