基于Amoeba中间件的分布式数据库管理系统

在数据库运用普遍建立于计算机网络之上的环境下,通过Amoeba中间件,实现对服务器集群的统一管理。该系统利用Amoeba中间件,通过对服务器信息的收集和修改,实现Amoeba服务器参数、MySQL数据库服务器参数、负载均衡、读写分离规则以及数据切分功能的配置。该系统避免了繁琐而杂乱的各个服务器独立配置,让管理人员从整体上掌控整个服务器系统运行状态。最后,实验验证,该套系统能够有效管理和配置服务器运行参数。

Specific Lethal Effects of Trace Neutral Red on Amoeba discoides and Trichodina

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the reference for the artificial breeding of aquatic animals. [ Method] Amoeba discoides and Trichodina were treated by neutral red solution with different concentrations to observe the physiological activities of organelles in their death processes. Effects of neutral red solution on the growth of common aquatic animals such as Paramecium caudatum, Euglena viridis and Brachionus plicatilis were analyzed, and the specific lethal mechanism of trace neutral red to A. discoides and Trichodina was also preliminarily studied. [ Re- suit] The neutral red solution at a concentration of 0.5 mg/L damaged the physiological function of contractile vacuole in Trichodina and also had the specific lethal effect on Tdchodina, but it had no effect on the growth and reproduction of non-parasitic protozoa and B. p/icatilis. Neutral red so- lution with certain concentration led to disorder of the physiological functions of A. discoides, such as assimilation and rejection, which was a main factor that caused the death of A. discoides. [ Conclusion] With the advantages such as targeting, safety and easiness to be oxidized and decom- posed, neutral red is an ideal drug for treating the diseases caused by A. discoides and Trichodina, and its suitable concentration is 0. 5 mg/L.

大变形虫（Amoeba proteus）室内培养方法的比较

大变形虫（Amoeba proteus）是原生动物门肉足亚门（Sarcodina）、根足总纲（Rhizopoda）、叶足纲（Lobosea）、变形目（Amoebida）、变形虫科（Amoebidae）、变形虫属（Amoeba）的代表动物，最主要的特征是虫体的细胞质可以延伸形成伪足，做变形动物（amoeboid movement）．一般生活在池塘、水坑中，通常附着在浸没的植物上或粘性沉渣中，密度小，野外采集困难，镜检难度大．为满足高校无脊椎动物学实验教学的需要，本文比较了室内培养大变形虫的几种方法，以获得充足的实验材料．

“以学生为中心”的阿米巴管理模式在耳鼻咽喉科教学中的应用

目的 探讨基于“以学生为中心”的阿米巴管理模式在耳鼻咽喉科临床教学管理中的教学效果。方法 选取2021年3月—2021年5月哈尔滨医科大学2017级临床医学专业216名学生为研究对象,将其随机分成试验组、对照组,各108名。试验组使用基于“以学生为中心”的阿米巴管理模式进行教学,对照组则使用传统的面对面式教学方法。在完成规定的教学课程后参加考核,比较2组理论成绩、技能成绩、期末总成绩,教学满意度。结果 试验组在期末理论考试成绩、期末实践考试成绩和总成绩等方面均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且试验组的课程满意度、学习主动性和学习效果均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论基于“以学生为中心”的阿米巴管理模式教学提高了耳鼻咽喉科本科生的自主学习能力及实践动手能力,激发了学生学习的积极性和主动性,最终获得良好的学习效果。

乌卡经营环境下企业绩效管理体系的变革创新——基于L公司阿米巴模式的案例研究

乌卡经营环境下,企业绩效管理系统面临新的挑战。本文从设计逻辑、量化技术、实施步骤以及多维度评优评奖框架等方面介绍了L公司阿米巴模式的绩效管理优化措施,在此基础上从以“客户”为中心的关键绩效指标体系、多维度评优评奖框架构建、区分不同周期的绩效反馈和改进制度、团队奖金包和“考核利润”的设立、绩效管理组织的优化五个方面提出了乌卡经营环境下企业进行绩效管理体系变革创新的理论命题。本文不仅为企业通过优化绩效管理机制适应乌卡经营环境提供了参考,而且为企业绩效管理模式的变革提供了实施方案。

One-year survey of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens and free-living amoebae in the tap-water of one northern city of China

In this study, qPCR was used to quantify opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens(OPPPs) and free-living amoebae in 11 tap water samples collected over four seasons from a city in northern China. Results demonstrated that the average numbers of gene copies of Legionella spp. and Mycobacterium spp. were significantly higher than those of Aeromonas spp.(p < 0.05). Legionella spp. and Mycobacterium spp. were 100%(44/44) positively detected while P. aeruginosa and Aeromonas spp. were 79.54%(35/44) and 77.27%(34/44) positively detected. Legionella pneumophila was only detected in 4 samples(4/44), demonstrating its occasional occurrence. No Mycobacterium avium or Naegleria fowleri was detected in any of the samples. The average gene copy numbers of target OPPPs were the highest in summer,suggesting seasonal prevalence of OPPPs. Average gene copy numbers of OPPPs in the taps of low-use-frequency were higher than in taps of high-use-frequency, but the difference was not significant for some OPPPs(p > 0.05). Moderate negative correlations between the chlorine concentration and the gene copy numbers of OPPPs were observed by Spearman analysis(rsranged from -0.311 to -0.710, p < 0.05). However, no significant correlations existed between OPPPs and AOC, BDOC, or turbidity. Moderate positive correlations were observed between the target microorganisms, especially for Acanthamoeba spp., through Spearman analysis(p < 0.05). Based on our studies, it is proposed that disinfectant concentration, season, taps with different-use frequency, OPPP species, and potential microbial correlations should be considered for control of OPPPs in tap water.

Ecology of testate amoebae in Dajiuhu peatland of Shennongjia Mountains, China, in relation to hydrology

This study investigates the testate amoeba communities of a large peatland in Central China. The ecology and seasonal variability of testate amoeba communities were studied during 2009-2010. Investiga- tion of environmental controls using ordination showed that the relationship between testate amoeba communities and depth to water table （DWT） and pH are extremely weak. The small proportion of variance explained by water table depth here （only 1.9% in the full data） shows that the hydrological control is weaker than we expected in this peatland, and weaker than any study we are aware of using a similar methodology. Attempts to develop species- environment （transfer function） models or identify indi- cator species for future palaeoecological studies were unsuccessful. Previous large-scale studies of peatland testate amoeba ecology have been largely restricted to Europe and North America and results have been relatively consistent among studies. Our results contrast with this consensus and suggest that at least in minerotrophic peatlands in China testate amoeba communities may be primarily controlled by different environmental variables. In China, testate amoebae have been relatively little studied but may prove to be valuable for a variety of applications in palaeoecology and biomonitoring and much further work is required.

Testate amoebae communities from some freshwater and soil habitats in China （Hubei and Shandong Provinces）

Seventy-eight species and forms of testate amoebae were identified from 29 freshwater and soil habitats in three territories of China （Shandong and Hubei Provinces）. Most abundant species from the genera Plagiopyxis, Centropyxis and Trinema represent the globally-distributed and eurybiont group of testate amoe- bae. The species richness was observed to be the lowest （7-12 species per biotope） in sandy sediments of the Yangtze River, but considerably higher （20-30 taxa） in soil environment. In the range of terrestrial habitats, the most remote communities from Laoshan Mountain in Shandong Province, China manifested the highest difference from others. On the other hand, communities originated in the most distant from industrial center places （Guifeng Mountain in Hubei Province, China） possess the most peculiar species composition including specific Gondwa- nian taxa （e.g. Nebela bigibbosa）. In sum, the results obtained provide the evidence that the community complexity and specificity reduce in the places located within areas that are highly populated and intensively visited by humans.

Investigating the bacterial community and amoebae population in rural domestic wastewater reclamation for irrigation

Reclamation of domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation is viewed as a sustainable option to create an alternative water source and address water scarcity. Free-living amoebae（FLA）, which are amphizoic protozoa, are widely distributed in various environmental sources. The FLA could cause considerable environmental and health risks. However, little information is available on the risk of these protozoa. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility using rural domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation, and analyzed dynamic changes of the microbial community structure and FLA populations in raw and treated wastewater, as well as the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of lettuce production sites that were irrigated with different water sources. The bacterial community dynamics were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism（T-RFLP）. The bacterial community structures in the influent were similar to that in the effluent, while in some cases relative abundances varied significantly. The populations of Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmannella vermiformis in the anaerobically treated wastewater were significantly higher than in the raw wastewater. The vegetables could harbor diverse amoebae, and the abundances of Acanthamoeba spp. and H. vermiformis in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than in the phyllosphere. Accordingly, our studies show insight into the distribution and dissemination of amoebae in wastewater treatment and irrigation practices.

Ecology of testate amoebae and their potential use as palaeohydrologic indicators from peatland in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

Testate amoebae are sensitive indicators of substrate moisture in peaflands. Over the last decades, they have been studied to reconstruct hydrological changes since the Holocene. However, these studies have been geographically restricted to North America and Europe. We conducted the first investigation of testate amoebae on the largest continental fresh water wetland in the Sanjiang Plain, China. The objectives of this study were to provide baseline data on the ecology of testate amoebae in the peatlands of Northeast China and to assess the potential of using them as environmental indicators in this ecosystem. We examined modem testate amoeba assemblages and species-environmental relationships at 46 microsites within 5 waterlogged depressions. The environmental parameters measured included： depth to water table, pH, and loss on ignition. The results showed that the dominant species were Trinema complanatum type, Euglypha rotunda type, Euglypha strigosa type, and Centropyxis cassis type. Redundancy analysis demonstrates that water table depth has the most important effect on testate amoeba assemblages, explaining 16.7% （p=0.002） of the total variance, pH was not a statistically significant factor for testate amoeba assemblages. Weighted averaging and weighted averaging partial least squares models were used to build transfer functions for depth to water table. The best performing transfer function was generated by the weighted averaging partial least squares model with an r^2LOSO of 0.62 and RMSEPLoso of 6.96 era. Results indicate that testate amoebae in waterlogged depression peatland have the potential to be used as indicators for hydrological changes and for palaeohydrologic reconstructions in the Sanjiang Plain.

Various brain-eating amoebae: the protozoa, the pathogenesis, and the disease

Among various genera of free-living amoebae prevalent in nature,some members are identified as causative agents of human encephalitis,in which Naegleria fowleri followed by Acanthamoeba spp.and Balamuthia mandrillaris have been successively discovered.As the three dominant genera responsible for infections,Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia work as opportunistic pathogens of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals,whereas Naegleria induces primary amoebic meningoencephalitis mostly in healthy children and young adults as a more violent and deadly disease.Due to the lack of typical symptoms and laboratory findings,all these amoebic encephalitic diseases are difficult to diagnose.Considering that subsequent therapies are also affected,all these brain infections cause significant mortality worldwide,with more than 90%of the cases being fatal.Along with global warming and population explosion,expanding areas of human and amoebae activity in some regions lead to increased contact,resulting in more serious infections and drawing increased public attention.In this review,we summarize the present information of these pathogenic free-living amoebae,including their phylogeny,classification,biology,and ecology.The mechanisms of pathogenesis,immunology,pathophysiology,clinical manifestations,epidemiology,diagnosis,and therapies are also discussed.

Relationships between testate amoeba communities and water quality in Lake Donghu, a large alkaline lake in Wuhan, China

The middle Yangtze Reach is one of the most developed regions of China. As a result, most lakes in this area have suffered from eutrophication and serious environmental pollution during recent decades. The aquatic biodiversity in the lakes of the area is thus currently under significant threat from continuous human activities. Testate amoebae （TA） are benthic （rarely planktonic） microorganisms characterized by an agglutinated or autogenous shell. Owing to their high abundance, preservation potential in lacustrine sediments, and distinct response to environmental stress, they are increasingly used as indicators for monitoring water quality and reconstructing palaeoenvironmental changes. However this approach has not yet been developed in China. This study presents an initial assessment of benthic TA assemblages in eight lakes of Lake Donghu in the region of Wuhan, China. Testate amoeba community structure was most strongly correlated to water pH. In more alkaline conditions, communities were dominated by Centropyxis aculeata, Difflugia oblonga, Pontigulasia compressa, Pon. elisa and Lesquereusia modesta. These results are consistent with previous studies and show that TA could be useful for reconstructing past water pH fluctuations in China. To achieve this, the next step will be to expand the database and build transfer function models.

Postoperative infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii misdiagnosed as a free-living amoeba species in a humeral head hemiarthroplasty patient:a case report

Background:Acinetobacter baumannii is ubiquitous,facultative intracellular,and opportunistic bacterial pathogen.Its unique abilities allow it to survive in a diverse range of environments,including health care settings,leading to nosocomial infections.And its exceptional ability to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics leaves few drug options for treatment.It has been recognized as a leading cause of nosocomial pneumonia and bacteremia over the world.Case presentation:In this case,a 73-year-old woman presented with a Neer Group VI proximal humeral fracture.Six hours after a successfully performed hemiarthroplasty,she developed continuous fever.Clinical examination revealed that the vitals were regular.Laboratory and radiographic examinations revealed only elevated procalcitonin levels.Blood culture revealed no bacterial or fungal growth.Cooling treatment and empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy showed no apparent effect.Conclusions:We report a postoperative infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii.The infectious pathogen was identified via molecular DNA sequencing and was initially misidentified as a free-living amoeba species upon microscopic examinations.The patient was mistreated with antiamebic combination therapy.Her symptoms persisted for over 4 months and were eventually followed by her death.

艾滋病患者常见消化道感染的临床病理分析

目的探讨艾滋病患者几种常见消化道感染性疾病的临床特征及病理组织学改变,提高对艾滋病患者消化道感染性疾病的认识,更好应对艾滋病患者的消化道机会性感染。方法收集并回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院2019年1月至2021年11月艾滋病患者消化道内镜活检的病理学阳性标本35例,分别用HE染色、组织化学特殊染色、原位杂交、免疫组织化学染色等方法寻找艾滋病患者消化道疾病的病因,查阅文献资料探讨其临床症状、内镜下表现及病理组织学改变及关系。结果艾滋病患者消化道CMV阳性者11例,临床表现为不同程度的发热、乏力、纳差、腹痛、腹胀,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞低者(<200个/μL),内镜及病理黏膜病变轻;阿米巴原虫感染阳性者13例,临床症状以发热、腹胀、腹泻为主,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞低者,内镜及病理表现重;消化道MAI感染者2例;结核杆菌感染8例,均位于下消化道;HSV感染1例,消化道黏膜呈现不同程度糜烂、溃疡、息肉、隆起。结论晚期艾滋病患者因免疫力极度低下,出现的消化道机会性感染更加严重和复杂。提高对消化道机会性感染的临床及病理特点的认识,有助于提高病原学诊断率,使患者得到及时正确的诊断和治疗。

Evaluation of different primers of the 18S rRNA gene to profile amoeba communities in environmental samples

Amoeboid protists,an assemblage of organisms belonging to different phylogenetic lineages,have drawn increasing attention due to their crucial ecological roles in various environments and their potential health risks.Currently,18S rRNA gene sequencing is widely applied for the detection of amoebae.However,it is not clear which is the best primer pair for 18S rRNA gene amplification in amoebae.This study compared the four most commonly used primer pairs for revealing the diversity,composition,core species,and community assembly processes of amoebae in water and sediments.We found that the choice of primers artificially influences the detection of community composition of amoebae.We also found that short-read fragments may lead to mismatches in taxonomy and were not suitable for phylogenetic analyses.In contrast,full-length primers could detect the highest number of amoeba lineages and annotate 80%of reads belonging to amoebae to known species.However,full-length primers did not detect as many amoeba species as V4 primers.Moreover,we showed that beta diversity and community assembly determination were largely unaffected by primer choice,but different primers could influence our interpretations of the ecological process underlying stochasticity and determinism.This study indicates that full-length read sequencing and V4 region Illumina sequencing are suitable for profiling amoeba diversity in the environment.

阿米巴经营管理模式在国有煤炭企业应用的可行性研究

国有煤炭企业作为国家能源经济的重要组成部分,面临着三项制度改革的问题与挑战。部分煤炭企业通过推行经理层任期制和契约化管理,探索企业员工差异化薪酬分配办法,建立健全与劳动力市场基本适应、与企业经济效益和劳动生产率挂钩的工资决定和正常增长机制,推动企业内部管理人员能上能下、员工能进能出、收入能增能减等模式,不断提升企业内部管理水平[1]。近年来,阿米巴管理模式在国内部分国有企业的应用中取得了一定的效果,介绍了阿米巴管理体系的内涵、体系架构以及在国有煤炭企业的应用方法,论述了该管理模式在国有煤炭企业应用的可行性及潜在的应用效果[2]。

阿米巴模式下的制造企业成本管理探讨

在竞争激烈的市场环境下,企业应持续创新内部管理模式,合理引入阿米巴经营模式,扩展成本管理范畴,划分阿米巴单元,优化成本管理效果,促进企业稳健发展。基于此,文章将以阿米巴模式为中心,围绕制造企业成本管理展开研究,在分析了阿米巴模式对企业成本管理的影响的基础上,解析阿米巴模式下制造企业做好成本管理工作的相关策略,旨在发挥阿米巴模式优势,提高企业成本管理水平。

阿米巴模式下的成本预算管理研究

随着国内企业的发展壮大,成本预算管理已经成为企业管理的重要内容。而阿米巴模式作为一种以经营哲学为基础的管理方式,在成本预算管理中发挥了重要作用。阿米巴模式下的成本预算管理具有全员参与、价值导向、细化控制等特点,以其为基础的成本预算管理体系更具有科学性和实用性[1]。企业要想在市场竞争中立于不败之地,就必须构建起科学有效的成本预算管理体系,提高企业利润水平。