Iodine and Selenium Intake in a Sample of Women of Childbearing Age in Palmerston North, New Zealand after Mandatory Fortification of Bread with Iodised Salt

Iodine deficiency is a worldwide public health problem, which has long been observed in many parts of the world, including New Zealand (NZ). The aim of this study was to assess iodine and selenium intake among women of childbearing age in Palmerston North, New Zealand post mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt. Fifty women of childbearing age completed a researcher-led questionnaire, including a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Iodine and selenium were analysed in 24-hour urine samples. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 65 μg/l with 30% below 50 μg/l;representing mild iodine deficiency according to the World Health Organization. The estimated median daily iodine intake (130 μg/day) was higher than the Estimated Average Requirement (100 μg/day) and higher than seen in women prior to fortification. The median excretion of selenium (32 μg/day) was slightly above level suggested as adequate (30 μg/day) and estimated median intake (57 μg/day) was higher than Estimated Average Requirement (50 μg/day). Selenium and iodine excretion were significantly correlated (Spearman’s rank order;r(50) = 0.547, p 0.001). The major contributors to iodine intake were milk (36%), bread (25%) and fish/seafood (15%). Participants had a mean intake of 2.5 slices of bread/day, which contributed approximately 14 to 20 μg of iodine. The majority of participants (74%) had iodised salt at home, but less than half (48%) used iodised salt exclusively. In conclusion, despite the mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt in NZ, UIC of the study population indicates iodine deficiency although their estimated dietary intakes appear adequate. It is essential that government initiatives to improve iodine status are evaluated for their efficacy.

Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Following 10-Year Universal Salt Iodization in Hebei Province of China

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of universal salt iodization （USI） for the control of IDD in Hebei province since it was implemented in 1995, identify the problems currently encountered in the implementation of USI and provide practical proposals for addressing these problems. Methods Probability proportionate to size sampling （PPS） was employed in the surveillance of IDD, for which a total of 1200 school children aged 8-10 years were randomly selected from 30 counties around the whole province during each IDD survey. The iodine content of salt was determined quantitatively with the titration method. The iodine content of urinary samples was measured by the method of ammonium persulfate oxidation. Results The coverage of iodized salt increased from 65.0% in 1995 to 98.0% in 1999, then decreased to 88.1% in 2005 which was below the national standard of 90%. The median urinary iodine of children aged 8-10 years varied between 160.1 μg/L and 307.4 μg/L, which was above the national standard. The proportion of urinary samples with iodine content above 300 lag/L was over 30% in 2005, implying exorbitant iodine nutrition among the children. The goiter rate （TGR） among children aged 8-10 years dropped from 11.8% in 1995 to 2.7% in 2005, indicating that the spread of endemic goiter was under control. Conclusion Preliminary elimination of IDD was achieved by USI in Hebei province. Nevertheless, some problems still existed in USI such as non-iodized salt competition, over iodization and un-standardized iodization. In order to address these problems, the management and supervision of salt market needs to be strengthened to prevent non-iodized salt from reaching households; updating equipment and modifying techniques are also necessary to ensure the quality of iodized salt; to clarify the causes of excessive urinary iodine content, the various sources of iodine from the diet need to be investigated in the future.

Investigation of iodine concentration in salt,water and soil along the coast of Zhejiang,China

Objective: We aim to describe the environment iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along Zhejiang Province coast in the China foreland. It will be helpful for us to judge whether this area is insufficient in iodine and universal iodized salt is necessary or not. Methods: We collected iodized salt samples, drinking water samples (tap water in the towns, and well water or spring water in the villages), water samples from different sources (ditches, lakes, rivers) and soil samples through random sampling in June, 2005. Salt, water and soil iodine was detected by arsenic-cerium redox method. Statistical analysis was expressed as mean±SEMby Windows SPSS 13.0. Results: (1) The iodine concentration in salt was 27.9±4.33 mg/kg (n=108). (2) Seventy-five water samples were collected. The water iodine value was 0.6～84.8 μg/L (mean of 11.66 μg/L). The watershed along the Qiantang River has significantly higher iodine content than the water in Lin'an in mountain area (P＜0.01). The iodine content and mean iodine content of tap water, well or spring water and natural water sources were 4.30±2.43 μg/L (n=34), 23.59±27.74 μg/L (n=19)and 12.72±10.72 μg/L (n=22) respectively. This indicated that among environmental water sources, the ditch iodine content was the highest with river water iodine being the lowest (P＜0.01). (3) Soil iodine value was 0.11～2.93 mg/kg (mean of 1.32 mg/kg).Though there was no statistical difference of soil iodine in different districts (P=0.131), soil iodine content correlated positively with water iodine content. Conclusion: Iodine concentration in salt accords with national policy of adding iodine in salt. Foreland has more iodine in water than mountain area. The data reflected that water and soil iodine in foreland area was not high, which suggests universal iodized salt should be necessary. Environment iodine has relatively close association with pollution.

Iodine Malnutrition and Associated Factors in Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 14 Years in a Municipality Situated in the Semi-Arid Region of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2008

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency and possible correlated factors among schoolchildren in the municipality of Novo Cruzeiro-MG by means of an evaluation of urinary iodine excretion. Five hundred and forty schoolchildren aged 6 to 14 years selected by stratified sampling, were evaluated. Urine samples were analyzed using the Sandell-Kolthoff method preconized by the WHO and iodine concentrations in the salt were assessed by means of volumetric analysis, in accordance with recommendations from the Ministry of Health. Iodine deficiency was observed in 38.9% of the schoolchildren. Of these, 28.7% of them presented slight deficiency, 6.2% of them were moderately deficient and 4% of them were seriously deficient. Median urinary iodine levels in the urban and rural population were 150.8 and 119.2 μg/L, respectively, with a clear distribution of iodine deficiency among the populations (p < 0.001) being registered. It was also observed that there was a high prevalence of deficient urinary iodine excretion among schoolchildren that consumed salt with an insufficient iodine content. In relation to the quality of the salt consumed by families, in 12.2% of the residences studied the iodine content in salt was below the recommended level (20 mg/kg), while the iodine content was below 15 mg/kg in only 5.3% of them. The results indicated that, although not characterized as a public health issue, according to WHO criteria, iodine deficiency showed very high prevalence among schoolchildren in this region. Regarding the iodine content of salt found in household consumption, our findings indicated the National Program of Salt Iodination was not efficient in the city, since it did not hit the target proposed by the Ministry of Health. Furthermore, low urinary iodine excretion associated with the consumption of salt with low iodine content suggests the need for periodical evaluations in order to provide effective control of the endemic disease.

Salt Consumption Patterns and Iodine Nutrition Status of Pregnant Women in Coastal Region

Background: Maternal Iodine Deficiency Disorder can result in inevitable cretinism as well as miscarriages, stillbirth and low birth-weight babies. Objective: There is a need to find out contributing factors towards urinary iodine concentrations of pregnant women. Methods: Therefore, the cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to assess the patterns of salt utilization and iodine status of pregnant women living in coastal areas of Mon State in January and May, 2013. Result: A total of 144 pregnant women from Pa-Nga village and Kalokepi village in Thanbyuzayat township were asked by using structured questionnaires including age, parity, socioeconomic status and patterns of salt and iodine-rich foods (seaweed, fish, prawn) consumption. Casual urine samples were collected from each pregnant woman and urinary iodine concentrations were measured. Three samples each of the iodized salt and non-iodized salt from local markets were collected for determination of iodine content by the iodometric titration method. Only 83.3% of the study population consumed iodized salt and the remaining (16.7%) consumed non-iodized salt. The median urinary iodine concentration of the study population was 105 μg/L. The mean urinary iodine level of pregnant women who consumed iodized salt and that of pregnant women who consumed non-iodizes salt were 110.47 ± 67.34 μg/L and 95.83 ± 70.13 μg/L (P = 0.336). Iodine content of the iodized salt and non-iodized salt was 20.6 ± 9.2 ppm and 5.1 ± 1.2 ppm respectively. In conclusion, the median iodine level of pregnant women was lower than that of the optimal iodine nutrition for pregnant women, i.e., 150 - 250 μg/L and the mean iodine content of salt samples was lower than the permissible level of iodine in iodized salt, i.e., 30 - 40 ppm. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that iodine nutritional status of pregnant women in this area is insufficient and salt iodization needs to be monitored for the optimal iodine content in iodized salt.

Relationship between Iodine Content in Household Iodized Salt and Thyroid Volume Distribution in Children

Objective To assess the effect of different levels of salt iodine content on thyroid volume（ThV） distribution using data from the 1999, 2011, and 2014 Chinese national iodine deficiency disorder（IDD） surveys. Methods Probability proportion to size（PPS） sampling method was used to obtain a representative national sample of 34,547, 38,932, and 47,188 Chinese children aged 8-10 years in 1999, 2011, and 2014 Chinese national IDD surveys, respectively. The iodine content in household iodized salt and urinary iodine concentration were measured and thyroid ultrasound examination was performed. The data were analyzed by SAS software using histograms and box plots. The skewness and kurtosis were calculated for testing the normality of ThV. Results The median iodine content in household iodized salt dropped from 42.30 mg/kg in 1999 to 25.00 mg/kg in 2014. The median urinary iodine concentration of children aged 8-10 years decreased from 306.0 μg/L in 1999 to 197.9 μg/L in 2014. The median and interquartile range（IQR） of ThV in 1999, 2011, and 2014 surveys were 3.44 m L and 1.50 m L, 2.60 m L and 1.37 m L, 2.63 m L and 1.25 m L, respectively. The skewness and kurtosis of ThV distribution in 1999, 2011, and 2014 surveys were 1.34 and 5.84, 0.98 and 3.54, 1.27 and 5.49, respectively. Conclusion With reduced salt iodization levels, the median urinary iodine concentration and median ThV of children decreased significantly, and the symmetry of the ThV distribution improved.

Association of iodized salt with goiter prevalence in Chinese populations: a continuity analysis over time

Background: Iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) refer to diseases that are caused by insufficient iodine intake, and the best strategy to prevent IDD is the addition of iodine to dietary salt. Because iodine deficiency is a common cause of goiter, the prevalence as effectively controlled after the implementation of universal salt iodization(USI) in China. However, there is substantial controversy as to whether the incidence of thyroid disorders is related to iodized salt intake. Therefore, we aimed to clarify whether the risk of goiter can be promoted by USI.Methods: A longitudinal continuous study based on the national monitoring results of IDD in China was performed for 3 consecutive years. We recorded the following indicators of IDD from 31 provinces: goiter number, two degrees of goiter(the degree of goiter severity) and cretinism(three endemic diseases), iodized salt intake, median urinary iodine concentration(UIC), soil iodine content and coverage rates of iodized salt. One-way Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) and linear regression analyses examined the differences between the three groups and correlations, respectively. Data were collected from the Chinese national IDD surveillance data in 2011-2013, and the background values of Chinese soil elements were published in 1990.Results: A reference male's daily intake of maximum iodine was 378.9μg, 379.2μg and 366.9μg in 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. No statistical association between daily iodized salt intake and the three endemic diseases was observed in 2011-2013(P >0.05). No association was observed between daily iodized salt intake and the UIC of children in 2011(P>0.05). Linear regression revealed no significant correlation between the soil iodine content and three endemic diseases. The present study indicated no difference in the daily iodized salt intake in each province during three years(F=0.886, P=0.647). The coverage rate of iodized salt remained above 98.7%, and goiter rates were stable in 2011-2013.Conclusion: There was no significant association between iodized salt intake and the three endemic diseases, suggesting that the current nutrition level of iodized salt did not cause the high goiter prevalence.

Time Series and Spatial Epidemiological Analysis of the Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in China

Objective To recognize the spatial and temporal characteristics of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD),China national IDD surveillance data for the years of 1995–2018 were analyzed.Methods Time series analysis was used to describe and predict the IDD related indicators,and spatial analysis was used to analyze the spatial distribution of salt iodine levels.Results In China,the median urinary iodine concentration increased in 1995–1997,then decreased to adequate levels,and are expected to remain appropriate in 2019–2022.The goiter rate continually decreased and is expected to be maintained at a low level.Since 2002,the coverage rates of iodized salt and the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt(the percentage of qualified iodized salt in all tested salt) increased and began to decline in 2012;they are expected to continue to decrease.Spatial epidemiological analysis indicated a positive spatial correlation in 2016–2018 and revealed feature regarding the spatial distribution of salt related indicators in coastal areas and areas near iodine-excess areas.Conclusions Iodine nutrition in China showed gradual improvements.However,a recent decline has been observed in some areas following changes in the iodized salt supply in China.In the future,more regulations regarding salt management should be issued to strengthen IDD control and prevention measures,and avoid the recurrence of IDD.

Iodine Content of Processed Foods and Condiments Sampled in China, 2017-2019

Introduction: Facing the challenge of increasing consumption of processed foods in China, along with the demand for salt reduction, and dynamic adjustment of universal salt iodization (USI) policy, it is necessary to timely evaluate the distribution of iodine content in processed foods and condiments, so as to provide more accurate data for population dietary iodine intake assessment. Methods: From markets in 6 cities and e-commerce platforms, cereal, tuber, legume, meat, fish, egg, and dairy products, and condiments, consumed by volunteers who attended in iodine intake investigation, and top selling products in particular with well-noted brands were preferentially sampled during 2017 to 2019. After being mixed and homogenized, each sample was detected by ICP-MS method. The range and medium of iodine content in each type of product were given. Results: After merging samples with close value in the same style of the same brand, and screening out samples with no added salt or low sodium content (≤120 mg/100g), total 725 data were sub-grouped and analyzed. In comparison with the 95th percentile of the iodine distribution in relative nature source, assessed by our previous study, nearly 77% of products made from grains, potatoes, beans, nuts, livestock and poultry meat were presumed to be processed with iodized salt. In somewhat, related with sodium value marked on food labeling, the median iodine ranged from 1.1 mg/100g to 149 mg/100g. The variation of iodine in egg, milk and fish made products, and seaweed or with seaweed products was greatly affected by the background of ingredients, the median content most floated between 12.8 mg/100g and 86.8 mg/100g, even up to 1800 mg/100g in seasoned seaweed. Based on the frequency of iodine digital and the ratio of iodine to sodium, it was speculated that nearly 90% of soy sauce and 73.5% of other seasonings like vinegar, sauce, paste, etc., were not added iodized salt, with overall median iodine 4.0 mg/100g and 12 mg/100g respectively. Conclusion: Using iodized salt in processed foods is an approach of USI police. Affected by the nature backgrounds of ingredients composed, the amount of salt used, and the regulated fortification level, iodine content in each kind of product varied largely. It’s important to establish a monitoring system in processed foods, as well as fortification salt, to control the benefit and risk of iodine health.

Iodized salt consumption and iodine deficiency status in China: a cross-sectional study

Objective:To monitor iodized salt consumption and evaluate iodine deficiency status in 2014 in China.Materials and Methods:In 2014,a nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in 31 provinces (in this study,provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in China's Mainland were named as provinces).Probability proportional to size sampling method was adopted to recruit children ages 8-10 and pregnant women.47,467 children's and 18,994 pregnant women's urine samples were collected and 47,706 children's thyroid volumes were examined.Iodine content in salt was determined with 46,900 edible salt samples from children's households;urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was tested from children and pregnant women's urine samples;thyroid volume of children was assessed by ultrasound.Results:The national coverage rate of iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were 96.3％ and 91.5％,respectively.Median iodine content in iodized salt was 25.2 mg/kg.In 22 of 31 provinces,the provincial coverage rates of iodized salt were over 95％.And consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were more than 90％ in 21 provinces.In this study,the national median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) of children in China was 197.9 μg/L.At the provincial level,MUIC of children in 19 provinces was 100-199 μg/L,which in 12 provinces was 200-299 μg/L.The national MUIC of pregnant women in 2014 was 154.6 μg/L,slightly higher than the lower limit of the WHO criteria for adequate (150-249 μg/L).At the provincial level,MUIC of pregnant women in 18 provinces was 100-149 μg/L,which in 13 provinces was 150-249 μg/L.The national prevalence of goiter among children in 2014 was 2.6％,of which only Shandong province (5.6％) exceeded the national standard (5％).Conclusions:In China,iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) has been eliminated since 2005.And in 2014,the IDD-free status still remained.

盐业体制改革前后厦门市810岁儿童碘营养状况分析

目的:分析盐业体制改革前后厦门市8~10岁儿童碘营养状况,为碘缺乏病防控策略调整和制定提供科学依据。方法:在盐业体制改革前(2016年)和改革后(2022年),采用横断面调查和分层整群抽样方法,选择厦门市下辖的6个区为调查点。抽样检测8~10岁儿童家中盐碘、随意1次尿碘和甲状腺肿大情况,并对检测结果进行比较分析。结果:盐业体制改革前和改革后,厦门市8~10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率由1.9%(8/423)上升至2.8%(36/1265),但差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.138,P>0.05);8~10岁儿童碘盐覆盖率从98.4%(1213/1233)下降为96.0%(1215/1265),合格碘盐食用率从95.9%(1183/1233)下降为93.3%(1180/1265),改革后均低于改革前,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为17.382、8.669,P<0.05);非碘盐率从1.6%(20/1233)上升至4.0%(50/1265),改革后高于改革前,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.392,P<0.01);8~10岁儿童尿碘中位数从216.1μg/L下降为183.4μg/L,改革后低于改革前,差异有统计学意义(Z=4.732,P<0.01)。结论:厦门市持续保持消除碘缺乏病目标,但盐业体制改革后合格碘盐食用率降低,非碘盐率上升,碘缺乏危害风险加大。应坚持科学补碘,强化碘缺乏病防治各项干预措施,保障碘营养安全。

东营市河口区重点人群食用盐碘含量及尿碘含量检测结果分析

目的:分析东营市河口区重点人群食用盐碘含量及尿碘含量检测结果,为科学化防治碘缺乏病提供参考。方法:于2024年1月随机抽取东营市河口区儿童1200名和孕妇600名作为研究对象。采集研究对象家中食用盐样本及尿液样本,开展盐碘、尿碘含量检测。结果:5个乡镇(街道)中,孤岛镇碘盐覆盖率最高,为49.17%;孤岛镇合格碘盐食用率最高,为44.44%;河口街道碘盐覆盖率最低,为35.00%;河口街道合格碘盐食用率最低,为32.22%。重点人群合格碘盐食用率<90%。收集儿童尿样1200份,尿碘中位数190.17µg/L,处于适宜状态,其中298人<100µg/L,占24.83%;461人尿碘为100~<200µg/L,占38.42%;284人尿碘为200~<300µg/L,占23.67%;157人尿碘≥300µg/L,占13.08%。收集孕妇尿样600份,尿碘中位数163.13µg/L,处于适宜状态,其中88人尿碘<100µg/L,占14.67%;310人尿碘为100~<150µg/L,占51.67%;120人尿碘150~<250µg/L,占20.00%;51人尿碘250~<500µg/L,占8.50%;31人尿碘≥500µg/L,占5.17%。结论:东营市河口区重点人群食用非碘盐人群较多,合格碘盐食用率较低,儿童碘营养状况整体处于适宜水平,但孕妇的碘营养状态存在明显不足问题。

海带漂烫-盐渍加工过程中碘形态含量变化规律

通过测定漂烫水、漂洗水、盐渍水以及剩余海带中碘离子(I^(-))、碘酸根(IO_(3)^(-))、一碘酪氨酸(mono-iodotyrosine,MIT)和二碘酪氨酸(diiodotyrosine,DIT)4种碘形态的含量,研究海带漂烫-漂洗-盐渍过程中碘形态的溶出规律。鲜海带、漂烫海带、一次漂洗海带和二次漂洗海带I^(-)含量在1689.41~8753.24 mg/kg,IO_(3)^(-)含量在42.67~442.00mg/kg之间,MIT和DIT含量分别在698.22~861.90mg/kg和123.97~158.67mg/kg之间。其中漂烫过程I^(-)、MIT和DIT溶出率最高,分别为(64.38±2.99)%、(19.35±0.97)%和(6.55±0.53)%。随着海带加入量的增大,除漂烫水的DTT外,所有水体中I^(-)、MIT和DIT含量整体上呈先增大后趋于平稳的趋势,所有水体中IO_(3)^(-)含量均呈上升趋势。随海带漂烫颗数增加,I^(-)溶出率先降低后基本保持不变,与鲜海带相比,第1颗盐渍海带的I^(-)含量降低(80.72±2.66)%,碘主要以I^(-)的形式释放到水体中,并且在漂烫过程中释放量最大。

上海市青浦区 2015—2023 年孕妇碘营养状况调查

目的了解上海市青浦区2015—2023年孕妇碘营养状况,为制定区域内干预策略提供依据。方法每个街镇随机抽取20~30名共计1152名孕妇,采集其家中食用盐样并检测尿样碘含量,结合统计学方法进行分析。结果调查对象的盐碘含量为24.40 mg/kg,合格碘盐食用率为61.37%,碘盐合格率为84.67%,碘盐覆盖率为72.48%。近年青浦区的碘盐合格率、碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率均呈现下降趋势(P<0.01)。合格碘盐食用率与碘盐覆盖率之间呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论孕妇群体的碘营养状况整体处于适宜水平,但仍有近半数碘营养水平不足。应加强健康宣教,倡导科学补碘、按需补碘。

澜沧县2021-2023年妊娠期妇女碘营养水平现状调查

目的 对澜沧县孕妇食盐、尿碘进行调查,评价该县孕妇碘营养状况,为科学补碘提供依据。方法 根据《全国碘缺乏病监测方案》要求按辖区方位进行抽样,收集其尿样及家中食用盐,测定尿碘、盐碘含量。结果 共调查290人;该县非碘盐率检出率仅1%;三年碘盐覆盖率均>90%;孕妇MUI为205.41μg/L;勐朗镇(57.5%)、惠民(51.6%)、南岭(50%)等乡镇尿检结果<150μg/L者较多,酒井(25%)、上允(15%)尿碘≥500μg/L者较多,不同乡镇尿碘分布、MUI差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 该地非碘盐率总体处于较低水平、碘盐覆盖率较好、碘盐合格率总体均达到国家碘缺乏病消除标准;建议对该地实施因地制宜的科学补碘策略。

食用盐中碘含量监测结果研究

目的分析邹平市儿童和孕妇食用盐中的碘含量情况,为相关疾病提供参考。方法选择2018—2022年邹平市儿童尿碘检测样本1987份,孕妇尿碘检测样本1903份,儿童食用的盐碘检测样本1032份,以及孕妇食用的盐碘检测样本1428份作为研究对象展开分析,并统计相关的监测结果。结果2018—2022年儿童尿碘整体适宜量占比较高(29.59%),2022年儿童尿碘过量占比最高。2018—2022年孕妇整体尿碘不足占比最高,其中以2020年、2021年较为突出。2018—2022年儿童整体碘盐合格率为84.98%,碘盐覆盖率为89.05%。2022年碘盐覆盖率较低(82.35%)。2018—2022年孕妇整体碘盐合格率为85.26%,碘盐覆盖率为90.27%。2022年的孕妇碘盐覆盖率较低(86.42%)。各地区孕妇碘盐覆盖率均≥80%,整体水平较高。结论邹平各地区儿童和孕妇碘盐覆盖率占比高达80%以上,虽然儿童尿碘整体适宜量占比较高,但孕妇摄入量偏低,还需相关部门及时正确地指导、调整饮食中的碘摄入量,进而降低由于碘缺乏而引起的疾病发生率。

2022—2024年阳山县重点人群碘营养状况分析

目的:分析阳山县重点人群(8~10岁儿童及孕妇)的碘营养状况,为制定有效的碘缺乏病预防策略提供科学依据。方法:将阳山县辖区划分为东、南、西、北、中5个片区,每个片区随机选取40名8~10岁儿童及20名孕妇作为监测对象,采集监测对象的尿液及其家中食用盐样本进行碘含量检测。结果:2022—2024年共检测食用盐900份,盐碘中位数为25.3 mg·kg^(-1),碘盐覆盖率为99.7%;合格碘盐食用率为98.1%,乡镇(98.8%)高于城区(95.6%)(Z=8.037,p<0.05);共检测8~10岁儿童尿样600份,尿碘中位数为197μg·L^(-1),不同年份尿碘中位数差异有统计学意义(H=23.009,p<0.05),城区(233μg·L^(-1))高于乡镇(185μg·L^(-1))(Z=3.608,p<0.05);共检测孕妇尿样300份,尿碘中位数为157μg·L^(-1),不同年份、城乡孕妇尿碘中位数差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论:阳山县重点人群碘营养整体处于适宜水平,符合国家碘缺乏病消除标准,但碘营养不足和过量仍占相当比例。应结合实际,分类指导,持续做好重点人群碘营养知识普及工作,科学补碘,预防碘缺乏病。

食用盐碘含量检测方法的适用性探讨

文章叙述了食用盐碘含量检测方法及检测存在的问题,重点通过实验测试直接滴定法、氧化还原滴定法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)的适用性。其中,未添加氨基酸类物质或还原类物质的食用盐采用3种方法均可准确测得碘含量,添加氨基酸类物质或还原类物质的食用盐采用ICP-MS法可准确测得碘含量,采用直接滴定法或氧化还原滴定法测得的碘含量与实际量存在较大偏差。文章验证了食用盐碘含量检测方法的适用性,既便于制盐企业在生产过程中进行质量控制,又能够在流通环节监督各种食用盐的碘含量,同时希望能为后期各种食用盐开发过程中碘含量检测方法的选择提供依据。

有机硒食用盐的研究与开发

文章主要介绍了一种有机硒食用盐的研究与开发,对富硒西兰花提取液中硒的形态进行分析,证明了富硒西兰花提取液中90%以上为有机硒,且大部分以硒甲基硒代半胱氨酸形式存在;实验对有机硒食用盐的配方进行研究,确定所选用的碘强化剂为碘化钾,并对产品稳定性进行研究,证明了产品保质期可达2a以上。

2021—2022年门源回族自治县学生及孕妇碘营养监测结果分析

目的:调查并分析2021—2022年门源回族自治县学生及孕妇碘营养监测结果。方法:2021—2022年于门源回族自治县东南西北中5个片区中各抽取80名学生、40名孕妇作为研究对象,检测学生和孕妇家庭盐碘含量及尿样碘含量,分析检测结果。结果:学生家庭中非碘盐占比0.50%(2/400),合格碘盐占比84.75%(339/400),盐碘水平为25.25(10.00,40.00)mg/kg;孕妇家庭中非碘盐占比2.00%(4/200),合格碘盐占比87.50%(175/200),盐碘水平为18.92(15.00,22.50)mg/kg。学生尿碘样本中,合格尿碘样本占比24.25%(97/400),尿碘水平为298.60(200.00,400.00)μg/L;孕妇尿碘样本中,合格尿碘样本占比38.50%(77/200),尿碘水平为346.00(250.00, 450.00)μg/L。结论:2021—2022年门源回族自治县学生盐碘情况正常,但是尿碘浓度超过适宜;孕妇盐碘含量较低,但尿碘浓度超过适宜;相关人员应在持续开展重点人群碘营养水平监测的同时,强化盐业市场监管,针对性开展健康宣教,落实科学补碘,防治碘缺乏。