A Temperature-Insensitive Amplified Spontaneous Emission Broadband Source Based on Er-Doped Fiber

To obtain a stable amplified spontaneous emission（ASE） source for complex environment applications, we design an ASE source and study the output power and spectral characteristics under different ambient temperatures.We optimize the structure of the ASE source to flatten the ASE spectrum, and study the output characteristics in terms of output power and optical spectrum under different pump powers. Then the performance of the ASE source is investigated in the temperature range from-18.9°C to 50°C. A stable-power and flat-spectrum ASE source can be obtained by structural optimization and pump control.

Impact of amplified spontaneous emission noise on the SRS threshold of high-power fiber amplifiers

Impact of amplified spontaneous emission(ASE)noise on the stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)threshold of highpower fiber amplifiers is demonstrated numerically through a spectral evolution approach.The simulation results confirm that ASE noise in the Raman wavelength band could reduce the SRS threshold of high-power fiber amplifiers significantly.As for ASE noise originated the main amplifier,it becomes stronger and reduces the SRS threshold at shorter operation wavelength below 1052 nm.As for ASE noise originated from the seed laser,it reduces the SRS threshold at different operation wavelength under the condition that the Raman ratio is over-90 dB in the seed laser.The theoretical method and results in this work could provide a well reference to extend the operation wavelength of high-power fiber lasers.

Nonlinear Absorption and Low-threshold Two-photon Pumped Amplified Stimulated Emission from FAPbBr_(3) Nanocrystals

Formamidinium lead bromide(FAPbBr_(3))nanocrystals(NCs)have been considered to be a good optoelectronic material due to their pure green emission,excellent stability and superior carrier transport characteristics.However,two-photon pumped amplified spontaneous emission(ASE)and the corresponding nonlinear optical properties of FAPbBr_(3) NCs are scarcely revealed.Herein,we synthesized colloidal FAPbBr_(3) NCs with different sizes by changing the molar ratio of FABr/PbBr_(2) in the precursor solution,using ligand assisted precipitation(LARP)technology at room temperature.Photoluminescence(PL)and time resolved photoluminescence(TRPL)spectroscopy were measured to characterize their ASE properties.And their nonlinear optical properties were studied through the Zscan technique and the two-photon excited fluorescence method.The stimulated emission properties including oneand two-photon pumped ASE have been realized from FAPbBr_(3) NCs.With large two-photon absorption coefficient(0.27 cm/GW)and high non-linear absorption cross-section(7.52×10^(5) GM),ASE with threshold as low as 9.8μJ/cm^(2) and 487μJ/cm^(2) have been obtained from colloidal FAPbBr_(3) NCs using one-and two-photon excitations.These results indicate that as a new possible green-emitting frequency-upconversion material with low thresholds,FAPbBr_(3) NCs hold great potential in the development of high-performance two-photon pump lasers.

Solvent-vapour treatment induced performance enhancement of amplified spontaneous emission based on poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene]

In this work, performance enhancements of amplified spontaneous emission （ASE） from poly[2-methoxy-5-（2＇- ethyl-hexyloxy）-l,4-phenylene vinylene] （MEH-PPV） have been achieved via solvent vapour treatment. Correlations between the morphology of the film and the optical performance of polymer-based ASE are investigated. The active layers are characterised by atomic force microscopy and optical absorption. The results show that the solvent-vapour treatment can induce the MEH-PPV self-organisation into an ordered structure with a smooth surface, leading to enhanced optical gain. Thus the solvent-vapour treatment is a good method for improving the optical properties of the MEH-PPV.

Broadband amplified spontaneous emission from Er^3＋ -doped single-mode tellurite fibre

This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of a newly erbium-doped single-mode tellurite glass-fibre applicable for 1.5-μm optical amplifiers. A very broad erbium amplified spontaneous emission in the range 1450-1650 nm from erbium-doped single-mode tellurite glass-fibre is obtained upon excitation of a 980-nm laser diode. The effects of the length of glass-fibre and the pumping power of laser diode on the amplified spontaneous emission are discussed. The result indicates that the tellurite glass-fibre is a promising candidate for designing fibre-optic amplifiers and lasers.

Theoretical study of amplified spontaneous emission intensity and bandwidth reduction in polymer

Amplified spontaneous emission （ASE）, including intensity and bandwidth, in a typical example of BuEH-PPV is calculated. For this purpose, the intensity rate equation is used to explain the reported experimental measurements of a BuEH-PPV sample pumped at different pump intensities from Ip = 0.61 MW/cm2 to 5.2 MW/cm2. Both homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened transition lines along with a model based on the geometrically dependent gain coefficient （GDGC） are examined and it is confirmed that for the reported measurements the homogeneously broadened line is responsible for the light-matter interaction. The calculation explains the frequency spectrum of the ASE output intensity extracted from the sample at different pump intensities, unsaturated and saturated gain coefficients, and ASE bandwidth reduction along the propagation direction. Both analytical and numerical calculations for verifying the GDGC model are presented in this paper. Although the introduced model has shown its potential for explaining the ASE behavior in a specific sample it can be universally used for the ASE study in different active media.

Effect of different metal-backed waveguides on amplified spontaneous emission

We investigate the effect of a metallic electrode on the ability for poly[2-methoxy-5-（2＇-ethylhexyloxy）-1,4- phenylene vinylene] （MEH-PPV） film to undergo amplified spontaneous emission （ASE）. The threshold of the device with Ag cladding is about 10 times greater than that of a metal-free device, but metal such as Al completely shuts off ASE. The ASE recurs when a thin spacer layer, such as a few nanometers of SiO2, is introduced between the MEH-PPV film and the Al cladding. Compared with the Cu or Al electrode, the Ag cladding is most suited to serve as an electrode with its low optical loss due to its high work-function and reflectivity.

Amplified spontaneous emission from metal-backed poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] film

We investigate the amplified spontaneous emission （ASE） from an Ag-backed poly[2-methoxy-5-（2＇-ethylhexyloxy）- 1,4-phenylenevinylene] （MEH-PPV） film with different film thicknesses. The ASE characteristics of Ag-backed MEH- PPV films with different thicknesses show that increasing the film thickness can reduce the influence of the Ag cladding. The threshold, the gain, and the loss of the device with a thickness of 170 nm are comparable to those of a metal-free device. The lasing threshold of this device is about 7.5 times that of a metal-free device. Our findings demonstrate that Ag-backed MEH-PPV film with an appropriate thickness can still be a good polymer gain material for the fabrication of solid-state lasers.

Size-dependent Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Organic Crystal Slabs

The authors investigated size-dependent amplified spontaneous emission（ASE） from organic crystals. Specifically, N-（4-{4-[4-（diphenylamino）styryl]styryl}phenyl）-N-phenylbenzene amine（Ph-TPA2） organic crystals were used in the experiment. The ASE threshold was decreased with the decrease of the width of the crystal at the same gain length, which reflects that total internal reflection plays an important role on the ASE properties in these slab organic crystals. The ASE properties pumped by one- and two-photon were also comparatively studied. We found that the thresholds of ASE in two-photon pumping condition are less size-dependent than those in singlephoton condition because of the nonlinear light generation processes in two-photon absorption processes.

Loss prediction of three-level amplified spontaneous emission sources in radiation environment

A model of three-level amplified spontaneous emission(ASE)sources,considering radiation effect,is proposed to predict radiation induced loss of output power in radiation environment.Radiation absorption parameters of ASE sources model are obtained by the fitting of color centers generation and recovery process of gain loss data at lower dose rate.Gain loss data at higher dose is applied for self-validating.This model takes both the influence of erbium ions absorption and photon bleaching effect into consideration,which makes the prediction of different dose and dose rate more accurate and flexible.The fitness value between ASE model and gain loss data is 99.98%,which also satisfies the extrapolation at the low dose rate.The method and model may serve as a valuable tool to predict ASE performance in harsh environment.

Amplified spontaneous emission contrast of CPA laser

The influence on the level of amplified spontaneous emission （ASE） contrast resulting from the different seed pulse energies has been experimentally studied in a 10-TW-level femtosecond Ti：sapphire chirped pulse amplification laser. It is found that, with the seed pulse energy increasing, the ASE pedestal is suppressed more efficiently, and the ASE contrast is improved with a saturable tendency. The measurement of -2×10^-8 ASE contrast in the range of more than 50 ps before the main pulse is achieved in the laser.

A cyanostilbene-based molecule with aggregation-induced emission properties: amplified spontaneous emission, protonation effect and electroluminescence

A terpyridine-substituted cyanostilbene derivative(Z)-2-(4′-([2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridin]-4′-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-phenylacrylonitrile(CNSTPy) was synthesized and characterized. The compound exhibits remarkable aggregation-induced emission phenomenon and its single crystal shows a blue emission with fluorescent efficiency as high as 45%. Based on its aggregation state behavior, multiple applications towards exploring its lasing, fluorescence switching and electroluminescence properties were realized. Amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) was observed from the crystal and verified by the variable pump strip method, with a threshold value of ～1.5 m J cm^(-2). The protonation/deprotonation processes accompanied by the formation of different molecular aggregation structure result in the distinct blue and yellow emissions. Additionally, the molecule also shows a moderate electroluminescence performance.

Amplified spontaneous emission, optical waveguide and polarized emission based on 2,5-diaminoterephthalates

A series of 2,5-diaminoterephthalates with a simple structure were synthesized through one-step reaction, and their bar-shaped single crystals with a large size and a smooth surface have been obtained via the solvent-evaporation method. These crystals exhibit bright emission with fluorescence quantum yields higher than 0.2. They display the waveguide property, and low optical loss coefficients for waveguide have been determined for the crystal of one compound. In addition, the crystal can cause linear polarization of the light emitted from it, with a high polarization contrast of 0.70. Most importantly, these crystals can realize amplified spontaneous emission （ASE）, including the red ASE, with appreciable energy thresholds of 72-198 kW/cm^2 and high gain coefficients, which suggests the potential of these crystals for the application in organic solid-state lasers.

Laser-annealing-made amplified spontaneous emission of "giant" CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals transferred from bulk-like shell to quantum-confined core

'Giant' Cd Se/Cd S core/shell nanocrystals(NCs) were synthesized with thick Cd S shell(15 monolayers), and the x-ray diffraction(XRD) measurement indicates there is a zinc blende phase in the thick Cd S shell, whereas it transformed into wurtzite phase under 5 min radiation with a 400 nm, 594 μJ∕cm2femtosecond(fs) laser beam.The evolution of the NCs’ spontaneous emission under the fs laser radiation was recorded with a Hamamatsu streak camera. The as-synthesized NCs exhibit an amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) at 530 nm, which comes from a bulk-like Cd S shell due to the interfacial potential barrier, which could slow down the relaxation of holes from the shell to the core. After being annealed by an fs laser, the ASE of the g-NCs is transferred from a bulk-like Cd S shell to a quantum-confined Cd Se core because the phase transformation determined with the XRD measurement could remove the interfacial barrier. Besides the ASE at 643 nm, two shorter-wavelength ASE peaks at 589 and 541 nm, corresponding to optical transitions of the second(1P) and third(1D) electron quantization shells of the Cd Se core, also appear, thus indicating that Auger recombination is effectively suppressed.

Amplified spontaneous emission and power amplification in high-power DF laser systems

Amplified spontaneous emission （ASE） always occurs in high-power DF laser systems with master oscillator-power amplifier （MOPA） configuration. ASE not only reduces the energy extraction efficiency of the laser system, but also negatively influences its heat management. The interaction between the ASE flux and the coherent laser flux, as well as the effect of ASE on cuboid DF amplifiers, is studied using a finite difference method and an iterative arithmetic. In addition, the influence of ASE on coherent laser amplification is discussed in detail.

应用于三轴光纤陀螺中的双程后向ASE光源

根据三轴光纤陀螺的高精度需求,采用大功率高稳定性的高精度双程后向方案掺铒光纤光源。通过对ASE光源的理论分析建立数学模型,并根据所用掺铒光纤及泵浦光源的参数对光源进行谱型分析,确定光路方案。再以掺铒光纤和泵浦激光器的温度特性和补偿为研究重点,对掺铒光纤的长度和掺杂浓度以及泵浦功率和铒纤的匹配性进行试验,最终采用铒纤长度19 m,泵浦波长974.6 nm,泵浦功率140 m A,得到光源光功率为20 m W,平均波长变化量小于0.5′10^(-6)/℃,满足光纤陀螺对ASE光源的要求。

掺铒光纤ASE宽带光源的实验研究

掺铒光纤ASE源是一种优良的宽带光源,受到人们广泛关注。实验研究了掺铒光纤ASE宽带光源单、双程结构后向ASE输出光谱特性,当泵浦光中心波长为1480 nm时,分别考察了掺铒光纤长度、泵浦光功率对后向ASE输出平坦区间宽度和平坦度的影响。通过对两种结构下后向ASE输出光谱的分析比较发现,双程结构在L波段长波长处,尤其是1570～1620 nm波长范围,功率显著提升,从而使得ASE光谱的平坦区间宽度增大,平坦度提高。所得实验结果将为掺铒光纤ASE宽带光源的研制提供依据。

Amplified spontaneous emission spectrum and gain characteristic of a two-electrode semiconductor optical amplifier

A two-electrode multi-quantum-well semiconductor optical amplifier is designed and fabricated.The amplified spontaneous emission（ASE）spectrum and gain were measured and analyzed.It is shown that the ASE spectrum and gain characteristic are greatly influenced by the distribution of the injection current density.By changing the injection current density of two electrodes,the full width at half maximum,peak wavelength,peak power of the ASE spectrum and the gain characteristic can be easily controlled.

SASE自由电子激光起振问题及统计特性的数值模拟

介绍一种自放大自发辐射自由电子激光(SASEFEL)的自发辐射和电子束噪声的数学描述,运用修正的一维非定态程序,对SASEFEL起振问题及光场统计特性进行了数值模拟,分析了自发辐射谱的发展过程及一定频带宽度内光场随机特性的统计规律,数值模拟结果与理论结果符合较好。

一种高效率的L波段掺铒光纤ASE宽带光源

利用双程双向泵浦单级掺铒光纤的结构实现高效率的L波段掺铒光纤放大自发辐射输出，同时选择1480nm半导体激光器作为泵浦源，高掺杂铒光纤为增益介质，通过优化铒光纤长度，获得了在1566～1604nm（38nm），自发辐射谱功率高于-16dBm，总输出功率13．7dBm的L波段掺铒光纤放大自发辐射光源。该光源结构相比于双程前向泵浦结构的L波段掺铒光纤放大自发辐射光源，其泵浦效率从11．8％提高到23．4％。