Determination of Total Vector Error of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) Using the Phase Angle Error of a Constant Amplitude Voltage Signal

This paper investigates the effect of the Phase Angle Error of a Constant Amplitude Voltage signal in determining the Total Vector Error (TVE) of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using MATLAB/Simulink. The phase angle error is measured as a function of time in microseconds at four points on the IEEE 14-bus system. When the 1 pps Global Positioning System (GPS) signal to the PMU is lost, sampling of voltage signals on the power grid is done at different rates as it is a function of time. The relationship between the PMU measured signal phase angle and the sampling rate is established by injecting a constant amplitude signal at two different points on the grid. In the simulation, 64 cycles per second is used as the reference while 24 cycles per second is used to represent the fault condition. Results show that a change in the sampling rate from 64 bps to 24 bps in the PMUs resulted in phase angle error in the voltage signals measured by the PMU at four VI Measurement points. The phase angle error measurement that was determined as a time function was used to determine the TVE. Results show that (TVE) was more than 1% in all the cases.

Entanglement-enhanced classical communication through an amplitude-damping channel

We consider the problem of trying to send a single classical bit through an amplitude-damping channel when two transmissions through the channel are available as a resource. It is demonstrated that two entangled transmissions can enhance the receiver＇s capability of making a correct inference under certain conditions compared with two product-state transmissions.

Entanglement-enhanced classical communication through generalized amplitude damping channel

The problem of sending a single classical bit through a generalized amplitude damping channel is considered. When two transmissions through the channel arc available as a resource, we find that two entangled transmissions can enhance the capability of receiver＇s judging information correctly under certain conditions compared with two productstate transmissions. In addition, we find a special case in which the two entangled transmissions can always make a classical bit more effectively disable the noise influence.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI-STEP AMPLITUDE QUANTIZATION WEIGHTED 2-D SOLID-STATE ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS

An aperture design technique using multi-step amplitude quantization for two-dimensional solid-state active phased arrays to achieve low sidelobe is described. It can be applied to antennas with arbitrary complex aperture. Also, the gain drop and sidelobe degradation due to random amplitude and phase errors and element (or T/R module) failures are investigated.

Metrology of Optical Communication Systems Using Error Vector Magnitude

Error vector magnitude (EVM) as a performance metric for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) formats in optical coherent systems is presented. It is shown that the calibrated BER, which would otherwise be under-estimated without the correction factor, can reliably monitor the performance of optical coherent systems near the target BER of 10-3 for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16-QAM, and 64-QAM employing carrier phase recovery with differential decoding to compensate for laser phase noise. The impact on the number of symbols used to estimate the BER from EVM analysis is also presented and compared to the BER obtained by error counting.

Performance of M-QAM, M-DPSK and M-PSK with MRC diversity in a Nakagami-m fading channel

The nature of a wireless communication channel is very unpredictable. To design a good communication link, it is required to know the statistical model of the channel accurately. The average symbol error probability(ASER) was analyzed for different modulation schemes. A unified analytical framework was presented to obtain closed-form solutions for calculating the ASER of M-ary differential phase-shift keying(M-DPSK), coherent M-ary phase-shift keying(M-PSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) over single or multiple Nakagami-m fading channels. Moreover, the ASER was estimated and evaluated by using the maximal ratio-combining(MRC) diversity technique. Simulation results show that an error rate of the fading channel typically depends on Nakagami parameters(m), space diversity(N), and symbol rate(M). A comparison between M-PSK, M-DPSK, and M-QAM modulation schemes was shown, and the results prove that M-ary QAM(M-QAM) demonstrates better performance compared to M-DPSK and M-PSK under all fading and non-fading conditions.

The Performance Analysis of Traffic Channel Coding in Digital Trunking System

The encoding and decoding processes of traffic channel in digital trunking system are studied. On the basis of computer simulation, the BER (bit error ratio) with different RCPC decoding step is analyzed. As a result, the optimal RCPC decoding step is provided, which gives essential theoretical evidences for the implementation of digital trunking system.

ASYMPTOTIC PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ARBITRARY RECTANGULAR QAM OVER FADING CHANNELS

In this paper,the asymptotic performance of arbitrary rectangular Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) signals over fading channels is investigated. A novel unified asymptotic average Symbol Error Probability (SEP) expression is derived in terms of diversity and coding gain. The validity and accuracy of the analytical result are verified by means of computer simulations. Furthermore,the results presented are very easy to be extended to the systems with multi-channel diversity receivers.

Effect of Surface Roughness in Micro-nano Scale on Slotted Waveguide Arrays in Ku-band

Modeling of the roughness in micro-nano scale and its influence have not been fully investigated, however the roughness will cause amplitude and phase errors of the radiating slot, and decrease the precision and efficiency of the SWA in Ku-band. Firstly, the roughness is simulated using the electromechanical coupled（EC） model. The relationship between roughness and the antenna＇s radiation properties is obtained. For verification, an antenna proto- type is manufactured and tested, and the simulation method is introduced. According to the prototype, a contrasting experiment dealing with the flatness of the radiating plane is conducted to test the simulation method. The advantage of the EC model is validated by comparisons of the EC model and two classical roughness models （sine wave and fractal function）, which shows that the EC model gives a more accurate description model for roughness, the maxi- mum error is 13%. The existence of roughness strongly broadens the beamwidth and raises the side-lobe level of SWA, which is 1.2 times greater than the ideal antenna. In addition, effect of the EC model＇s evaluation indices is investigated, the most affected scale of the roughness is found, which is 1/10 of the working wavelength. The proposed research provides the instruction for antenna designing and manufacturing.

Performance Analysis of ASK and PSK Modulation Based FSO System Using Coupler-Based Delay Line Filter under Various Weather Conditions

Free space optical communication (FSO) proves to be very effective and efficient technology for wireless communication. This work basically deals with the designing of FSO systems. Further, a comparative study has been made to ascertain which modulation technique proves better for communication. This paper investigates the performance of ASK and PSK modulation based FSO system by varying different FSO parameters under several conditions including haze, rain, mist and fog. Finally, simulation results are analysed and discussed.

SYNTHETIC BANDWIDTH METHOD AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH BASED ON A WIDEBAND MULTI-CHANNEL SAR

Synthetic bandwidth technique is used to increase frequency bandwidth of the system and provides an effective way to achieve the ultra high resolution in the field of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). But in the actual SAR system, the synthesis result will be seriously deteriorated by the inner-channel and inter-channel phase error. A frequency domain synthetic bandwidth method based on transfer function extracting technique is proposed in an actual SAR system which consists of single wideband transmit channel and 8-way down-conversion receive sub-channels. The method can accurately get the amplitude and phase characteristics of the sub-channel and compensate the amplitude-phase errors. The final experimental results demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the method and the range resolution down to 0.1 m is obtained.

基于空间谱估计的无人机协同目标方位感知算法

无人机协同目标感知技术是有人机无人机混合运行的重要安全保障.针对复杂空域环境下的感知可靠性问题,分析大中型无人机的复杂融合空域运行场景,并确定无人机协同目标感知的精准性、高实时性、抗干扰性和低载荷性等需求,提出一种四单元阵列天线和数字化射频体制的无人机协同目标感知系统架构;同时,结合空管雷达信号特性和天线体制,设计方位感知算法,通过修正协方差矩阵、信号子空间加权和噪声子空间加权等方法,设计基于多信号分类(multiple signal classification,MUSIC)的空间谱估计算法,并提出基于子空间分解的幅相误差在线估计算法;最后,开展算法仿真试验和实际空域环境飞行试验.研究结果表明:相比传统MUSIC算法,优化算法的方位感知高分辨性能提升23.3%,并改善了无人机协同目标方位感知的高实时性、抗干扰性和低载荷性.

存在幅相误差时二维稳健超分辨测角算法

针对4D车载毫米波雷达在俯仰与方位维角度分辨力较低、阵列存在幅相误差时测角有偏的问题,提出一种基于快速稀疏贝叶斯学习的稳健二维超分辨测角方法。首先,利用空域稀疏性特点,对角度域空间进行栅格划分,构建了存在幅相误差时的二维超分辨测角信号模型;然后,通过固定点更新的MacKay SBL重构算法实现了多个邻近目标二维角度估计,并利用基于向量点乘的自校正算法对相位误差进行估计,以对有偏的角度估计进行修正;最后,给出了多输入多输出虚拟阵列下的二维角度估计的克拉美-罗界,并分析了所提算法的计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,在大陆ARS548雷达实际12发16收天线布局下,通过对比6种超分辨测角算法,所提方法在低信噪比、少量快拍下和幅相误差较小时,具有较高的角度分辨力与较低的均方根误差。

基于JADE-斜投影的鲁棒波束形成算法

针对矩阵重构类波束形成算法对阵列幅相误差敏感的问题,提出一种基于盲源信号分离和斜投影的矩阵重构鲁棒波束形成算法。首先,依靠盲源分离技术得到接收信号和混合矩阵,结合期望信号先验信息完成混合矩阵中信号导向矢量的搜索。然后,利用盲源分离得到的信号协方差矩阵完成阵列幅相误差估计。最后,基于幅相误差校准的混合矩阵和斜投影思想,构建各干扰的斜投影算子,将接收数据分别向干扰斜投影空间进行投影,得到对应的干扰信号,完成干扰噪声协方差矩阵重构。仿真结果表明,所提方法对阵列幅相误差具有较好的鲁棒性,验证了算法的有效性。

方位多波束弧形阵列SAR成像方法研究

弧形阵列合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,简称SAR)是一种广域观测的新体制微波成像系统,相比于线性阵列合成孔径雷达,弧形阵列SAR能够有效克服常规成像雷达前视、侧视、下视等观测视角单一的问题,弥补了常规成像模式的不足。方位多波束技术是星载合成孔径雷达系统获取高分辨宽覆盖测绘能力的重要技术途径。本文首先构建了多波束弧形阵列SAR系统的方位向多通道信号模型,并通过传统的方位多通道重建方法进行成像仿真,成像结果出现虚假目标,由于传统的多通道重建方法适用于大多数线性阵列,所以通过分析回波斜距的数学几何模型推导出了多波束弧形阵列SAR相比于线性阵列SAR多了一个附加相位,与弧形阵列天线结构相结合,附加相位由子孔径角度引起,因此方位多通道回波数据中相位误差是由多通道弧形阵列SAR的子孔径角度引起,从而导致多通道不均衡,所以传统的多通道重建方法不能够直接用于弧形阵列SAR的成像处理中,为了实现弧形阵列SAR系统的静止目标聚焦成像,提出了适用于弧形阵列SAR系统的方位多通道重建方法,在进行多通道重构和合并之前,对方位通道间的附加相位进行补偿,避免方位欠采样,然后根据弧形阵列方位多通道脉冲响应重构方位多通道数据,该方法可以很好的抑制了虚假目标,最后通过仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性。

幅相误差对体积阵MVDR波束形成的影响

体积阵是一种由多个水听器组成的立体阵列,能够增大潜标接收基阵的孔径,获得较大的空间增益,工程中多将其制作成具有收合、展开功能的阵列应用于低频吊放声呐。由于各水听器通道内器件参数和幅度增益不一致,体积阵的每个阵元接收到的信号之间存在幅相误差。文中通过建立存在幅相误差时的双圆环体积阵模型,从统计学角度分析了幅相误差对其协方差矩阵、最小方差无畸变(MVDR)波束形成器的输出信噪比(SNR)、阵增益以及方位估计精度的影响。计算机仿真结果表明,阵列幅相误差的存在会导致MVDR波束形成器的输出SNR和阵增益降低;对于相位误差而言,当输入SNR在-5 dB以上时,这种影响随输入SNR的增大越来越明显;对于幅度误差而言,当输入SNR在-10 dB以上时,幅度误差对MVDR波束形成器的输出SNR和阵增益的影响会更显著;并且,相比于幅度误差,MVDR波束形成的方位估计精度对相位误差更加敏感。

强干扰与通道误差条件下弱信号DOA估计的实验研究

在实际测向系统中,当弱信号和强干扰空间临近时,空间谱测向系统仅能对强干扰进行波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计,弱信号DOA估计性能下降甚至失效。针对这一问题,研究了空间谱扩展噪声子空间算法结合通道幅相误差校正,在强干扰抑制条件下对弱信号进行DOA估计的方法。该方法对采样信号的噪声协方差进行去加权处理,并对空间谱扩展噪声子空间算法的空间谱导向矢量进行修正。基于通用软件无线电外设(Universal SoftwareRadioPeripheral,USRP)和印刷偶极子线形天线阵构建实验平台,实验结果证明空间谱扩展噪声子空间算法结合改进的通道幅相误差校正方法,能对临近干扰源进行空间谱抑制的同时,实现对弱信号的DOA估计。

毫米波三基线InSAR通道泄漏误差分析和补偿方法研究

该文对毫米波三基线干涉合成孔径雷达(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,InSAR)的多通道间泄漏误差进行了建模分析,推导了通道泄漏误差参数和干涉相位误差的数学表达式,定量分析了通道泄漏程度对干涉相位误差及高程误差的影响,并进一步提出了通道泄漏引入的干涉相位误差补偿方法,通过仿真实验给出了误差补偿和分析的结果,验证了该补偿方法的有效性。

基于噪声去加权的阵列幅相误差校正方法

在实际测向系统中,空间谱测向天线阵通道误差校正时,校正系数也对接收通道噪声进行加权,在较低信噪比和临近强干扰抑制时,将导致天线阵列波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计性能下降甚至失效。因此,结合阵列互耦导致天线有源方向图发生畸变的实际情况,在单辅助源通道误差估计基础上,提出改进的空间谱幅相误差校正算法。该算法在通道误差模型中引入天线有源方向图畸变系数,并对噪声协方差加权项进行处理,得到噪声去加权的阵列接收数据协方差矩阵,并在谱峰搜索时修正导向矢量,实现幅相误差校正和空间谱测向。将所提校正算法应用于相干信号测向和临近强干扰空间谱抑制,改善了通道误差条件下的空间谱测向,计算机仿真结果证明所提算法的可行性。

基于频率差的工频磁场抗扰度试验方法

现有工频磁场抗扰度试验方法评价受试设备在工频磁场骚扰下的采样性能时,试验结果随机,可能出现误判。结合GB/T 17626.8-2006要求、试验方法及试验仪器的特点,文章分析了试验结果出现随机现象的原因。在此基础上,提出了基于受试设备基本分量及干扰分量频率差的工频磁场抗扰度试验方法。多种电气二次设备的工频磁场抗扰度试验结果表明,频率差法通过人为合理设置频率差,在受试设备的正常使用状态下,可有效检测出工频磁场骚扰对受试设备的最大影响程度,消除了试验结果的随机性。频率差法适应性好、操作简便,不仅适用于电力工业领域,也有利于形成具有良好的共同性和重复性的基准。