Safety of applying midazolam-ketamine-propofol sedation combination under the supervision of endoscopy nurse with patient-controlled analgesia pump in colonoscopy

AIM To compare the results of midazolam-ketaminepropofol sedation performed by an endoscopy nurse and anaesthetist during colonoscopy in terms of patient satisfaction and safety.METHODS American Statistical Association(ASA) Ⅰ-Ⅱ 60 patients who underwent colonoscopy under sedation were randomly divided into two groups: sedation under the supervision of an anaesthetist(SSA) and sedation under the supervision of an endoscopy nurse(SSEN). Both groups were initially administered 1 mg midazolam, 50 mg ketamine and 30-50 mg propofol. Continuation of sedation was performed by the anaesthetist in the SSAgroup and the nurse with a patient-controlled analgesia(PCA) pump in the SSEN group. The total propofol consumption, procedure duration, recovery times, pain using the visual analogue scale(VAS) and satisfaction score of the patients, and side effects were recorded. In addition, the patients were asked whether they remembered the procedure and whether they would prefer the same method in the case of re-endoscopy.RESULTS Total propofol consumption in the SSEN group was significantly higher(P < 0.05) than that in the SSA group. When the groups were compared in terms of VAS score, recovery time, patient satisfaction, recall of the procedure, re-preference for the same method in case of re-endoscopy, and side effects, there were no significant differences(P > 0.05) between the two groups. No long-term required intervention side effects were observed in either group.CONCLUSION Colonoscopy sedation in ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients can be safely performed by an endoscopy nurse using PCA pump with the incidence of side effects and patient satisfaction levels similar to sedation under anaesthetist supervision.

Efficacy of Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine for Multimodal Analgesia

Given the rising incidence of opioid misuse and opioid-related deaths worldwide, it is imperative to find nonopioid analgesic adjuncts for perioperative pain management. Perioperative opioid exposure in opioid-naïve patients for even minor surgical procedures may result in significant opioid dependence. Although the use of intravenous lidocaine in the perioperative period is not novel, recently it has been proposed as an important adjunct to multimodal analgesia. In addition to improving acute pain, lidocaine may reduce the incidence of chronic post-operative pain syndrome (CPPS), improve bowel function, and decrease post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) thereby speeding up the post-operative recovery process. Furthermore, lidocaine has efficacy in a variety of procedures including abdominal, gynecological, and urological surgeries. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the effects of intravenous lidocaine compared to traditional analgesic methods on post-operative pain control and recovery for various surgical procedures.

Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Patient Controlled Intravenous Analgesia with Tramadol

Objective： To observe the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation （TEAS） on nausea and vomiting （N＆V） induced by patient controlled intravenous analgesia （PCIA） with Tramadol. Methods： Sixty patients who were ready to receive scheduled operation for tumor in the head-neck region and post-operation PCIA, aged 39-65 years, with the physique grades Ⅰ -Ⅱ of ASA, were randomized into two groups, A and B, 30 in each group. The pre-operation medication, induction of analgesia and continuous anesthesia used in the two groups were the same. TEAS on bilateral Hegu （LI4） and Neiguan （PC6） points was intermittently applied to the patients in group A starting from 30 min before analgesia induction to 24 h after operation, and the incidence and score of nausea and vomiting, antiemetic used, visual analogue scores （VAS）, and PCIA pressing times in 4 time segments （0-4, 4-8, 8-12 and 12-24 h after the operation was finished） were determined. The same management was applied to patients in Group B, with sham TEAS for control. Results： The incidence and degree of N＆V, as well as the number of patients who needed remedial antiemetic in Group A were less than those in Group B. The VAS score and PCIA pressing time were lower in Group A than those in Group B in the corresponding time segments respectively. Conclusion： TEAS could prevent N＆V induced by PCIA with Tramadol.

Preoperative Pain Management of Patients with Hip Fractures: Blind Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block Compared to Ultrasound Guided Femoral Nerve Block—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Blind fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) and ultrasound guided femoral nerve block (FNB) are two types of peripheral nerve blocks, commonly used in preoperative pain management in patients with hip fractures in Danish emergency departments. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy in pain management of these two types of peripheral nerve blocks in the preoperative period in patients with hip fractures. Method: We performed a randomized controlled study. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score equal to three or less at rest and after passive leg raise test three hours after block administration. Results: A total of 88 patients were included in the study and 67 patients in the statistical analysis with 33 in the FICB group and 34 in the FNB group. The results showed a significant reduction in the proportion of patients with an NRS score higher than three, three hours after administration of either FICB or FNB compared to at inclusion. There was no significant difference in pain scores between patients receiving FICB versus patients receiving FNB at rest or after passive leg raise (p = 0.25 and p = 0.86, respectively). Conclusion: Blind FICB and ultrasound guided FNB were effective in preoperative pain management in patients with hip fractures. The results showed that the two types of peripheral nerve blocks were equally efficient in providing pain management in the preoperative period.

Pain management in acute musculoskeletal injury: Effect of opioid vs nonopioid medications

BACKGROUND The use of opioids for pain is linked to an increased risk of developing opioid use disorder,and has resulted in the emergence of the opioid crisis over the last few years.AIM The systematic review question is“How does the use of opioid medications in pain management,compared with non-opioid medications,affect pain intensity over the short,intermediate,and long-term in adults with acute traumatic pain?”.METHODS The protocol was prospectively registered on the International Prospective Re-gister of Systematic Reviews:CRD42021279639.Medline and Google Scholar were electronically searched for controlled peer-reviewed studies published in full,with the PICO framework:P:Adult patients with traumatic injuries,I:Opioid medications,C:Non-opioid medi-cations,O:A minimum clinically important difference(MCID)in pain.RESULTS After full-text screening,we included 14 studies in the qualitative synthesis.Of these 14 studies,12 were rando-mized clinical trials(RCTs)and 2 were pseudo-RCTs with a total of 2347 patients enrolled.There was heteroge-neity in both medication utilized and outcome in these studies;only two studies were homogeneous regarding the type of study conducted,the opioid used,its comparator,and the outcome explored.The MCID was evaluated in 8 studies,while in 6 studies,any measured pain reduction was considered as an outcome.In 11 cases,the setting of care was the Emergency Department;in 2 cases,care occurred out-of-hospital;and in one case,the setting was not well-specified.The included studies were found to have a low-moderate risk of bias.CONCLUSION Non-opioids can be considered an alternative to opioids for short-term pain management of acute musculoskeletal injury.Intravenous ketamine may cause more adverse events than other routes of administration.

纳布啡不同镇痛泵参数用于剖宫产术后镇痛的比较

目的比较三种不同参数纳布啡患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果。方法选择剖宫产术后的产妇179例,年龄18~45岁,BMI 20~35 kg/m 2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,术后均给予PCIA(纳布啡2 mg/kg+托烷司琼8 mg/100 ml,间隔时间15 min,极限量10 ml/h)。将产妇随机分成三组:对照组(C组,背景量2 ml/h,单次按压2 ml,n=60)、低背景量组(L组,背景量1 ml/h,单次按压3 ml,n=62)和无背景量组(N组,背景量0 ml/h,单次按压4 ml,n=57)。记录术后2、6、12、24、48 h静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分、纳布啡消耗量。记录术后48 h内PCIA按压情况、术后首次肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、Ramsay镇静评分和术后恶心呕吐、头晕、感染等不良反应的发生情况。结果与C组比较,N组术后6、12 h静息时VAS疼痛评分明显升高(P<0.05),L组和N组术后24、48 h纳布啡消耗量明显减少,术后首次肛门排气时间明显缩短,头晕发生率明显降低(P<0.05),N组术后住院时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。与L组比较,N组术后12 h静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分明显升高,术后48 h纳布啡消耗量明显减少,总按压次数和有效按压次数明显增加,术后首次肛门排气时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。三组Ramsay镇静评分和术后恶心呕吐、感染发生率差异无统计学意义。结论低背景量(1 ml/h)纳布啡PCIA可在充分镇痛的同时,减少阿片类药物用量,降低相关不良反应发生率,缩短术后首次肛门排气时间,可作为纳布啡PCIA用于剖宫产术后镇痛参数设置的优先选择。

术后患者自控镇痛:北京协和医院30年临床管理经验

术后疼痛严重影响患者的康复进程,从而导致住院时间延长,照护成本增加。合理应用患者自控镇痛装置可有效缓解围术期急性疼痛。北京协和医院于1994年引入患者自控镇痛技术,并于2004年成立了急性疼痛服务工作组,以麻醉医生为指导、手术室疼痛专科护士为基础,联合实施基于患者自控镇痛的全流程、规范化管理,并不断改进和创新工作方法,为术后疼痛管理的发展奠定了坚实基础。本文从临床工作重点、护理管理经验、疼痛治疗理念的推广与传播、新形势下急性疼痛服务模式的发展等方面对该项工作进行系统回顾与总结,以期为全面加强患者诊疗过程中的疼痛管理、提升患者围术期镇痛服务满意度提供有价值的参考。

氢吗啡酮静脉自控镇痛与皮下注射对口腔肿瘤患者术后疼痛控制效果及安全性比较

目的 :比较氢吗啡酮静脉自控镇痛(patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)与皮下注射对口腔肿瘤患者术后镇痛的疼痛控制效果及安全性。方法:选择2022年1月—2023年3月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院收治的口腔肿瘤术后患者200例,根据随机数表法分为试验组和对照组,每组各100例。试验组采用氢吗啡酮PCIA镇痛,对照组采用氢吗啡酮皮下注射镇痛。比较2组疼痛控制效果(BPI-C评分)、血清标志物[前列腺素E2(PGE2)、5羟色胺(5-HT)、一氧化氮(NO)、生长激素(GH)、皮质醇(Cor)、泌乳素(PRL)]、炎症因子表达水平[血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)]、睡眠质量(失眠严重指数)及安全性。采用SPSS 23.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:术后48 h,试验组BPI-C评分中的目前疼痛程度、平均疼痛程度、过去24 h内最痛的疼痛程度、过去24 h内最轻的疼痛程度、过去24 h内接受疼痛处置后疼痛缓解程度评分及PGE2、5-HT、NO、GH、Cor、PRL、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);术后1周,试验组ISI评分中的入睡困难、睡眠维持困难、早醒、睡眠模式、日常功能、生活质量、睡眠问题评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组不良反应发生率为10.00%,对照组为13.00%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:口腔肿瘤术后患者应用氢吗啡酮PCIA,不仅能有效缓解疼痛感受,还能降低血清疼痛介质及炎症因子表达,进而减轻应激反应,改善患者睡眠质量,且不会增加不良反应发生率,值得临床推广。

右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼病人自控静脉镇痛对胸腔镜下肺癌根治术病人术后免疫功能及呼吸功能恢复的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)复合舒芬太尼静脉病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)对胸腔镜下肺癌根治术病人术后免疫功能和呼吸功能恢复的影响。方法2020年10月~2022年6月在我院选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期行胸腔镜下肺癌根治术病人92例,按随机数字表分为舒芬太尼PCIA组(S组)和Dex复合舒芬太尼PCIA组(D组),每组46例,S组有1例术后出血,退出实验,D组有1例术中大出血,退出实验。S组术后PCIA采用舒芬太尼注射液每天1.0μg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼20 mg/150 ml,D组采用Dex每天1.0μg/kg+舒芬太尼注射液每天1.0μg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼20 mg/150ml。记录病人术前1天(T_(0)),术后24小时(T_(1))、48小时(T_(2))、72小时(T_(3))四个时间点的静息、咳嗽疼痛数字评分量表(NRS)评分,SAS评分,抽取静脉血检测CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CRP、PCT,动脉血行血气分析,计算氧合指数(OI);在T_(2)进行临床肺部感染评分(CPIS)、记录低氧血症、肺水肿、不良反应恶心呕吐、嗜睡、心动过缓、呼吸抑制及寒战的发生情况。结果与S组比较,D组在T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)三个时间点,静息、咳嗽NRS评分,SAS评分、CRP、PCT均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、OI值升高,CD8^(+)仅在T_(1)较低(P<0.05);T_(0)时两组静息、咳嗽NRS评分,SAS评分,CD3^(+),CD4^(+),CD8^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+),CRP,PCT,OI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与T_(0)时比较,两组病人在T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)三个时间点静息、咳嗽NRS评分、CRP、PCT明显升高,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、OI、SAS评分降低,CD8^(+)仅在T_(1)、T_(2)升高(P<0.05)。与S组比较,D组恶心呕吐比例和CPIS评分降低[8(17.8%)例、(3.5±1.3)分vs.1(2.2)例、(1.2±1.1)分],低氧血症和肺水肿发生率、嗜睡、心动过缓、呼吸抑制、寒战比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Dex复合舒芬太尼PCIA具有较好的镇痛、镇静效果,即减轻了手术创伤造成的免疫功能抑制程度,又减少阿片类药物的不良反应,还有利于病人术后呼吸功能的恢复,是胸腔镜下肺癌根治术后较安全的PCIA方式。

Regional anesthesia in a patient with primary ciliary dyskinesia:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia(PCD)is an inherited autosomal-recessive disorder of impaired mucociliary clearance characterized by chronic respiratory diseases,otolaryngological diseases,central nervous system abnormalities,reproductive system abnormalities,and cardiac function abnormalities.General anesthesia in these patients is associated with a higher incidence of respiratory complications than in patients without the disease.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old male patient was referred to the emergency room complaining of right ankle pain due to distal tibiofibular fracture.Three years prior,he had been diagnosed with PCD.At that time,he had experienced several episodes of pneumonia,sinusitis,and chronic middle ear infections,for which he underwent surgical interventions.At the current admission,he presented with cough and sputum but no other respiratory symptoms.A chest computed tomography scan revealed centrilobular ground-glass opacities in both lower lobes and a calcified nodule in the left lower lobe.For the surgical procedure and postoperative pain management,combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was employed.The patient’s postoperative pain score was measured by the numerical rating scale(NRS).On the day of surgery,his NRS was 5 points.By the second postoperative day,the NRS score had decreased to 2–3 points.The epidural catheter was removed on the fourth day following the operation.The patient was subsequently discharged no respiratory complications.CONCLUSION We performed combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in a patient with PCD.The patient experienced no additional respiratory complications and was discharged with a low NRS score for pain.

肺癌患者术后使用艾司氯胺酮自控静脉镇痛的效果研究

探讨艾司氯胺酮在肺癌患者术后自控静脉镇痛中的应用效果。选取2021年6月—2024年6月南通市第六人民医院收治的102例肺癌手术患者进行对比试验。采取盲抽法将患者分为两组,分别为对照组和观察组,每组各51例,对照组采用舒芬太尼+阿扎司琼进行镇痛,观察组在此基础上联合应用艾司氯胺酮,比较两组患者的镇痛效果。结果显示,观察组术后不同时间段舒芬太尼用量明显少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后不同时间段的疼痛评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者的不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究发现,在肺癌患者术后自控静脉镇痛中应用艾司氯胺酮可有效减少舒芬太尼用量,减轻患者的疼痛感,切实改善患者的负性情绪及睡眠质量,降低不良反应发生风险。

氢吗啡酮与舒芬太尼在骨科老年患者术后镇痛及谵妄控制中的应用效果比较

目的探讨氢吗啡酮与舒芬太尼在骨科老年患者术后镇痛及谵妄控制中的应用效果。方法随机选取2022年1月—2023年8月于泰州市人民医院骨科接受手术治疗的150例老年患者为研究对象,以不同麻醉方法分为对照组、探究组,每组75例。两组均予静脉自控镇痛(patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA),对照组应用舒芬太尼,而探究组则应用氢吗啡酮。对比两组PCIA使用情况、疼痛水平、炎症反应水平、谵妄及并发症发生情况。结果探究组自动进药量、按压次数及实际有效进药次数均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。镇痛后,两组疼痛程度优于镇痛前,且探究组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。镇痛后,两组炎症因子水平低于镇痛前,且探究组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。探究组术后谵妄发生率为0(0/75)及并发症总发生率为5.33%(4/75),均低于对照组的8.00%(6/75)、16.00%(12/75),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.340,4.478;P均<0.05)。结论氢吗啡酮在骨科老年患者术后镇痛及谵妄控制中的应用效果优于舒芬太尼,能够更有效减轻患者疼痛,降低炎症反应水平,并减少谵妄及并发症的发生。

手术患者接受患者自控静脉镇痛期间发生术后恶心呕吐的危险因素分析

目的分析手术患者接受患者自控静脉镇痛(patient controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)期间发生术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)的危险因素。方法本研究为回顾性队列研究,纳入2023年7月1日—10月31日在北京协和医院接受外科手术且术后接受PCIA的患者。通过电子病历系统获取患者的一般资料、既往史、手术信息、术中用药信息、术后镇痛随访信息。根据接受PCIA期间PONV的发生情况,将患者分为PCIA⁃PONV组和非PCIA⁃PONV组;根据是否发生术后呕吐(postoperative vomiting,POV),将其分为PCIA⁃POV组和非PCIA⁃POV组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析法筛选PCIA⁃PONV和PCIA⁃POV的危险因素。结果共纳入1373例患者,其中PCIA⁃PONV组676例,PCIA⁃PONV的发生率为49.2%;PCIA⁃POV组285例,PCIA⁃POV的发生率为20.8%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=2.134,95%CI:1.590~2.865,P<0.001)、腹部手术(OR=1.655,95%CI:1.253~2.186,P<0.001)是手术患者接受PCIA期间出现PONV的危险因素,而年龄增长(OR=0.990,95%CI:0.982~0.998,P=0.019)、体质量指数增加(OR=0.961,95%CI:0.932~0.991,P=0.012)则是其保护因素;女性(OR=2.646,95%CI:1.754~3.992,P<0.001)、全麻史(OR=1.372,95%CI:1.042~1.806,P=0.024)、术中使用大剂量阿片类药物(OR=1.607,95%CI:1.206~2.142,P=0.001)是手术患者接受PCIA期间出现POV的危险因素,而术中未使用肌松拮抗剂(OR=0.393,95%CI:0.237~0.651,P<0.001)则是其保护因素。结论本研究初步揭示了手术患者接受PCIA期间发生PONV的危险因素,完善的术前评估及合理的围术期管理策略对于预防PCIA⁃PONV具有重要意义。

不同剂量艾司氯胺酮复合右美托咪定在食管癌术后自控静脉镇痛患者中的应用效果对比

目的 分析不同剂量艾司氯胺酮复合右美托咪定在食管癌术后自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)中的应用效果。方法 选取87例食管癌患者,按随机数字表法分为常规组、对照组与观察组,各29例。所有患者均行食管癌根治术,术后均运用PCIA,常规组镇痛液配方为100μg右美托咪定+2μg/kg舒芬太尼+0.25 mg帕洛诺+氯化钠注射液100 ml,对照组则在常规组基础上加以0.03 mg/(kg·h)艾司氯胺酮,观察组则在常规组基础上加以0.015 mg/(kg·h)艾司氯胺酮。对比3组镇痛效果、炎性因子水平、应激反应、抑郁症状、不良反应。结果 术后12 h、24 h,对照组的VAS评分低于观察组与常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,3组C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后24 h、术毕时,对照组CRP、IL-6、PCT、NE、Cor低于观察组与常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,3组抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1周,观察组SDS评分低于对照组与常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组不良反应相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 大剂量的艾司氯胺酮复合右美托咪定用于食管癌术后PCIA可取得更强的镇痛效果,能够更有效地控制机体的炎症反应与应激反应,但小剂量的艾司氯胺酮不良反应更少,且抗抑郁效果更强。

超声引导胸椎旁神经阻滞复合PCIA在开腹肝脏部分切除手术后镇痛中的应用:一项随机对照试验

目的比较超声引导胸椎旁神经阻滞(thoracic paravertebral block,TPVB)复合患者自控静脉镇痛(patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)与单纯患者自控静脉镇痛用于开腹肝脏部分切除手术术后镇痛的效果。方法选择重庆医科大学附属第一医院2020年9月至2022年9月择期行开腹肝脏部分切除手术患者120例,采用电脑随机数字法将奇数号分入超声引导胸椎旁神经阻滞复合PCIA组(A组),偶数号分入单纯患者自控静脉镇痛组(B组),每组60例,最终纳入符合标准的患者112例并完成统计分析。A组患者麻醉诱导前于左侧卧位行超声引导下T8~T9节段胸椎旁神经阻滞,注射0.33%罗哌卡因30 mL,B组患者不行超声引导胸椎旁神经阻滞,2组患者术后均连接PCIA镇痛泵。主要观察指标为2组患者术后4、8、12、24、48 h痛觉减退平面以及静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分;次要观察指标为术中平均心率和平均动脉压力、术后首次补救镇痛需求时间、术后48 h补救镇痛人数、术后首次下地活动时间、术后肛门排气时间、术后总住院天数以及术后不良反应发生率。结果与B组患者比较,A组患者术后4、8、12、24 h静息及咳嗽VAS评分降低(P<0.001),术中平均心率、平均动脉血压明显降低(P<0.01);48 h内曲马多累计消耗量减少(P=0.018),术后首次补救镇痛需求时间延长(P<0.001);术后PCIA平均有效按压次数、补救镇痛人数均明显减少(P<0.001);首次下地活动时间和肛门排气时间显著提前(P<0.001)。患者术后48 h VAS评分、术后总住院天数及术后不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论超声引导胸椎旁神经阻滞复合PCIA在开腹肝部分切除术后镇痛效果优于单纯PCIA,术中循环更稳定,促进术后快速康复。

基于599例患者术后自控镇痛泵使用的闭环智能化管理改进措施分析

目的了解我院术后自控镇痛(Patient controlled analgesia,PCA)泵的使用现状,明确PCA泵使用过程中具体存在的问题,并提出改进措施。方法采用回顾性调查方法,选取2023年6-12月于我院行手术且术后使用PCA泵的患者,记录其基本信息、临床诊断、手术类型、PCA泵的使用情况等,进行统计分析。结果共纳入599例术后使用PCA泵的患者,66例患者(11.02%)使用硬膜外自控镇痛(Patient-controlled epidural analgesia,PCEA)泵进行术后镇痛,其镇痛效果与静脉自控镇痛(Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)泵(533例,88.98%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);82.80%的PCA泵的配方为阿片类药物联合非甾体抗炎药(Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,NSAIDs);镇痛泵中也存在不合理用药现象,主要表现为两种NSAIDs联用,或阿片受体的纯激动剂与激动-拮抗剂联用;417例患者(69.62%)对镇痛泵均进行了有效按压,但仍有182例患者(30.38%)在使用PCA泵的过程中存在无效按压情况;仅39例患者(6.51%)将PCA泵中药液使用完全,其余患者的PCA泵中存在残余药液,残余率主要为1%~20%(288例,48.08%),但该部分残余药液的临床处置欠规范,存在安全隐患;绝大多数患者在使用PCA泵过程中,医生、护士或药师未规范进行疼痛评估及记录不良反应的发生情况。结论基于无线镇痛管理系统软件的镇痛泵闭环和智能化管理中仍存在不合理的现象,应及时改进,并持续监测和评估改进效果,不断完善镇痛泵的闭环智能化管理,保障其使用的有效性和安全性。

不同剂量艾司氯胺酮复合氢吗啡酮术后自控静脉镇痛对老年患者全膝关节置换术后抑郁的影响

目的探讨不同剂量艾司氯胺酮复合氢吗啡酮术后患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)对老年患者全膝关节置换术后抑郁的影响。方法选择2023年7—9月择期全身麻醉联合收肌管阻滞下行全膝关节置换术的老年患者180例,男44例,女136例,年龄65~80岁,BMI 18.5~35.0 kg/m^(2),ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为三组:对照组(C组)、艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg组(E1组)和艾司氯胺酮1.0 mg/kg组(E2组),每组60例。术后C组、E1组和E2组分别予氢吗啡酮0.2 mg/kg、艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg复合氢吗啡酮0.2 mg/kg和艾司氯胺酮1.0 mg/kg复合氢吗啡酮0.2 mg/kg行PCIA,三组均用生理盐水稀释至100 ml,参数设置:背景输注速率1.5 ml/h,单次按压1.5 ml,锁定时间15 min。若静息时VAS疼痛评分≥4分且患者按压PCIA泵镇痛效果不佳,则肌肉注射曲马多0.1 g补救镇痛。于术后1、3、7 d时行汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分,HAMD评分≥8分为存在抑郁状态;于术后1、3、7 d时行静息时VAS疼痛评分。记录术后7 d内抑郁例数、术后3 d内镇痛泵有效按压次数(D_(1))、总按压次数(D_(2))、D_(1)/D_(2)、补救镇痛例数以及头晕头痛、多梦、幻觉、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果术后3 d,C组共有21例(35%)发生抑郁,E1组有7例(12%),E2组有8例(13%);术后7 d,C组共有8例(13%)发生抑郁,E1组有1例(2%),E2组有2例(3%)。与C组比较,E1组术后3、7 d抑郁发生率、补救镇痛率明显降低,E2组术后3、7 d抑郁、术后3 d内头晕头痛、多梦发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。E1组和E2组术后1、3、7 d抑郁发生率、VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义。结论艾司氯胺酮0.5、1.0 mg/kg用于老年患者全膝关节置换术后PCIA均可改善术后抑郁,艾司氯胺酮1.0 mg/kg可以降低术后头晕头痛、多梦发生率。

手术病人术后自控镇痛的疗效观察

目的:观察病人自控镇痛(PCA)对手术后急性疼痛的疗效和安全性。方法:对2021年1月—2023年3月在兰州大学第二医院行手术治疗并于麻醉恢复室转运的病人临床资料进行回顾性研究;根据病人出麻醉室时是否携带PCA分为两组,比较两组病人术后24 h和48 h的视觉疼痛评分(VAS)及恶心、干呕、呕吐、头晕和头痛的发生率。结果:结果显示,携带PCA的病人于术后24 h(χ^(2)=1 099.1,P<0.001)和48 h(χ^(2)=2 146.5,P<0.001)均表现出更低的VAS评分,而两组病人的恶心(χ^(2)=1.600,P>0.05)、干呕(χ^(2)=2.011,P>0.05)、呕吐(χ^(2)=2.131,P>0.05)、头晕(χ^(2)=2.732,P>0.05)及头痛(χ^(2)=1.267,P>0.05)的发生率比较差异均无统计学意义。结论:PCA可以减轻手术后病人24 h和48 h的急性疼痛,并且没有增加麻醉相关不良反应,是加速康复外科及增加护理满意度的理想镇痛方式。

智能化镇痛管理对剖宫产术后自控镇痛质量的影响

目的探讨智能化无线镇痛泵系统在剖宫产术后镇痛中的应用效果。方法选择2020年1月至2022年10月在腰硬联合阻滞麻醉下行剖宫产术的600例产妇为研究对象,按入室先后顺序将其随机分为无线镇痛泵(R)组和电子镇痛泵(A)组,每组300例。产妇术后均实施硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA),术毕R组接REHN-Ⅱ型无线镇痛泵,A组接ZZB-Ⅰ型电子镇痛泵。比较两组产妇镇痛后各时间点的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分和Ramsay镇静评分(RSS)评分,镇痛期间医护人员被召回病房次数、报警处理时间、镇痛键按压次数、睡眠时间、肛门排气时间、并发症发生情况以及满意度。结果镇痛后6、12、24 h,R组的VAS评分显著低于A组(P<0.05);镇痛后6、12、24、36、48 h,两组的RSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。R组的医护人员被召回病房次数显著少于A组,报警处理时间、肛门排气时间显著短于A组,睡眠时间显著长于A组(P<0.05)。两组的并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。R组的满意度显著高于A组(P<0.05)。结论智能化镇痛管理用于剖宫产术后自控镇痛的临床效果肯定,可以提高产妇满意度,且具有一定的优势。

基于微信小程序的疼痛药物剂量设置工具研发与应用

目的研发关于疼痛药物剂量设置微信小程序,并测试其可用性。目的2020年1-2月,根据临床需求组建团队研发。3-4月,采用方便抽样法行预实验,选取某三甲医院的医生和护士各20名,分别使用该小程序和传统计算器进行不同阿片类药物的剂量转换(医生)及患者自控镇痛泵的药物参数设置(护士)各400次,比较所需时间及正确性,并采用易用性量表(USE)评价小程序。目的医生、护士运用小程序计算的准确率为100%,均高于传统方法(p<0.01);计算所需时间均快于传统方法(p<0.01);医生和护士USE量表的平均得分分别为6.56±0.20分、6.60±0.19分。目的研发的小程序为医生转换疼痛药物剂量提供参考,满足护士对镇痛泵参数的准确计算和设置的需求,医护人员的接受度较高,可用性好。