Background: Elastomeric pumps (elastic balls into which analgesics or antibiotics can be inserted) push medicines through a catheter to a nerve or blood vessel. Since elastomeric pumps are small and need no power sour...Background: Elastomeric pumps (elastic balls into which analgesics or antibiotics can be inserted) push medicines through a catheter to a nerve or blood vessel. Since elastomeric pumps are small and need no power source, they fit easily into a pocket during infusion, allowing patient mobility. Elastomeric pumps are widely used and widely studied experimentally, but they have well-known problems, such as maintaining reliable flow rates and avoiding toxicity or other peak-and-trough effects. Objectives: Our research objective is to develop a realistic theoretical model of an elastomeric pump, analyze its flow rates, determine its toxicity conditions, and otherwise improve its operation. We believe this is the first such theoretical model of an elastomeric pump consisting of an elastic, medicine-filled ball attached to a horizontal catheter. Method: Our method is to model the system as a quasi-Poiseuille flow driven by the pressure drop generated by the elastic sphere. We construct an engineering model of the pressure exerted by an elastic sphere and match it to a solution of the one-dimensional radial Navier-Stokes equation that describes flow through a horizontal, cylindrical tube. Results: Our results are that the model accurately reproduces flow rates obtained in clinical studies. We also discover that the flow rate has an unavoidable maximum, which we call the “toxicity bump”, when the radius of the sphere approaches its terminal, unstretched value—an effect that has been observed experimentally. Conclusions: We conclude that by choosing the properties of an elastomeric pump, the toxicity bump can be restricted to less than 10% of the earlier, relatively constant flow rate. Our model also produces a relation between the length of time that the analgesic fluid infuses and the physical properties of the fluid, of the elastomeric sphere and the tube, and of the blood vessel into which the analgesic infuses. From these, we conclude that elastomeric pumps can be designed, using our simple model, to control infusion times while avoiding toxicity effects.展开更多
Objective:To observe the analgesic effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Method:One hundred and twenty elderly hip fracture surgery patients treated in our...Objective:To observe the analgesic effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Method:One hundred and twenty elderly hip fracture surgery patients treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 60 cases in the experimental group and 60 in the control group.The experimental group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention measures,while the control group was given epidural anesthesia intervention measures.The analgesic effect,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP)levels,and other observation indicators were analyzed after anesthesia intervention.Result:After the intervention,the analgesic effect and the evaluation results of the subjects in the experimental group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05);the obtained values of TNF-αand CRP levels in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention demonstrated positive outcomes.The analgesic effect of patients during surgery and their inflammatory factor levels improved,which makes this intervention worthy of clinical application and promotion.展开更多
Objective:To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of standardized extract of Cotinus coggygria(C.coggygria)in different animal models.Methods:C.coggygria extracts(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)were administered to...Objective:To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of standardized extract of Cotinus coggygria(C.coggygria)in different animal models.Methods:C.coggygria extracts(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)were administered to rats and mice(n=6)during hot plate,tail-flick,acetic acid-induced writhing,and formalin tests to determine its analgesic efficacy.The anti-inflammatory activity of C.coggygria extracts was evaluated by histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,cotton pellet-induced granuloma,and acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary dye leakage tests.Results:C.coggygria extracts(50 and 100 mg/kg)significantly alleviated thermal and chemical-induced pain in rodents(P<0.05).It also demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory properties by mitigating histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,granuloma deposits,and vascular permeability(P<0.05).Moreover,C.coggygria extracts remarkably reduced TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,COX-2,and oxidative stress in rat paws(P<0.05).Carrageenan-induced histological aberrations in hind paw tissues were effectively(P<0.05)mitigated by treatment with C.coggygria extracts.Conclusions:C.coggygria Scop.extracts show analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of COX-2 and inflammatory and oxidative mediators.展开更多
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms of a breast lump resolution detergent in a rat model of breast hyperplasia. Methods: A rat model of breast hyperplasia was esta...Objective: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms of a breast lump resolution detergent in a rat model of breast hyperplasia. Methods: A rat model of breast hyperplasia was established using injections of estradiol benzoate combined with progesterone. The effects of the breast lump resolution detergent on nipple height and diameter in the rat model were observed, along with its impact on serum levels of estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), and progesterone (P). Additionally, the study examined the morphological changes in breast tissue. The impact of the breast nodule detergent on blood rheology parameters was also observed. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of the breast nodule detergent was assessed using the cotton ball granuloma experiment, and the analgesic effect was observed using the writhing test. Results: The breast lump resolution detergent reduced nipple height and diameter in the rat model, decreased serum levels of E2, PRL, and P, and alleviated pathological changes in breast tissue. It also lowered hemorheological parameters including whole blood high, medium, and low shear viscosity, plasma viscosity, red blood cell hematocrit, red blood cell aggregation index, red blood cell deformability index, red blood cell electrophoresis time, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the acute “blood stasis” rat model. The detergent reduced the weight of cotton ball granulomas in mice and decreased the number of writhing episodes caused by acetic acid. Conclusion: The breast lump resolution detergent demonstrates favorable therapeutic effects in treating breast hyperplasia, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, exerting anti-inflammatory properties, and providing analgesic effects. The downregulation of serum E2 and PRL levels and the upregulation of P levels may be critical mechanisms underlying its efficacy.展开更多
Chronic musculoskeletal pain(CMP)is a common occurrence in clinical practice and there are a variety of options for the treatment of it.However,the pharmacological therapy is still considered to be a primary treatment...Chronic musculoskeletal pain(CMP)is a common occurrence in clinical practice and there are a variety of options for the treatment of it.However,the pharmacological therapy is still considered to be a primary treatment.The recent years have witnessed the emergence of opioid crisis,yet there are no relevant guidelines on how to treat CMP with non-opioid analgesics properly.The Chinese Medical Association for the Study of Pain convened a panel meeting to develop clinical practice consensus for the treatment of CMP with non-opioid analgesics.The purpose of this consensus is to present the application of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs,serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors,serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors,muscle relaxants,ion channel drugs and topical drugs in CMP.展开更多
Objective To determine the active components of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker(Tu Bie Chong)and explore the mechanisms underlying its fracture-healing ability.Methods A modified Einhorn method was used to develop a rat t...Objective To determine the active components of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker(Tu Bie Chong)and explore the mechanisms underlying its fracture-healing ability.Methods A modified Einhorn method was used to develop a rat tibial fracture model.Progression of bone healing was assessed using radiological methods.Safranin O/fast green and CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate the growth of bone cells and angiogenesis at the fracture site.Methylthiazoletetrazolium blue and wound healing assays were used to analyze cell viability and migration.The Transwell assay was used to explore the invasion capacity of the cells.Tubule formation assays were used to assess the angiogenesis capacity of human vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs).qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the changes in gene transcription levels.Results Tu Bie Chong fraction 3(TF3)significantly shortened the fracture healing time in model rats.X-ray results showed that on day 14,fracture healing in the TF3 treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group(P=.0086).Tissue staining showed that cartilage growth and the number of H-shaped blood vessels at the fracture site of the TF3 treatment group were better than those of the control group.In vitro,TF3 significantly promoted the proliferation and wound healing of MC3T3-E1s and HUVECs(all P<.01).Transwell assays showed that TF3 promoted the migration of HUVECs,but inhibited the migration of MC3T3-E1 cells.Tubule formation experiments confirmed that TF3 markedly promoted the ability of vascular endothelial cells to form microtubules.Gene expression analysis revealed that TF3 significantly promoted the expression of VEGFA,SPOCD1,NGF,and NGFR in HUVECs.In MC3T3-E1 cells,the transcript levels of RUNX2 and COL2A1 were significantly elevated following TF3 treatment.Conclusion TF3 promotes fracture healing by promoting bone regeneration associated with the RUNX2 pathway and angiogenesis associated with the VEGFA pathway.展开更多
Koumine is an indole alkaloid monomer extracted from the Chinese herb Gelsemium elegans,which has a variety of pharmacological effects.This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological effects and mol...Koumine is an indole alkaloid monomer extracted from the Chinese herb Gelsemium elegans,which has a variety of pharmacological effects.This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of koumine,with a particular emphasis on its mechanisms of action in the context of anticancer,anti-inflammatory,analgesic,and anxiolytic properties.The aim is to provide a theoretical foundation for further research and the application of koumine in clinical practice.展开更多
Selecting compound 97-9-G4 as lead compound, a series of bispiperazinittm salts 5a-h were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their analgesic activities. The results show that phenylethyl group of 97-9-G4 is a cru...Selecting compound 97-9-G4 as lead compound, a series of bispiperazinittm salts 5a-h were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their analgesic activities. The results show that phenylethyl group of 97-9-G4 is a crucial pharmacophore; the intro- duction of electron-withdrawing group on benzene ring is favorable to the activity.展开更多
AIM To observe whether there are differences in the effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion(Mox) in rats with visceral hypersensitivity. METHODS EA at 1 m A and 3 m A and Mox at 43?℃ and 46?℃ were applied...AIM To observe whether there are differences in the effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion(Mox) in rats with visceral hypersensitivity. METHODS EA at 1 m A and 3 m A and Mox at 43?℃ and 46?℃ were applied to the Shangjuxu(ST37, bilateral) acupoints in model rats with visceral hypersensitivity. Responses of wide dynamic range neurons in dorsal horns of the spinal cord were observed through the extracellular recordings. Mast cells(MC) activity in the colons of rats were assessed, and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor(5-HT3R) and 5-HT4Rexpressions in the colons were measured.RESULTS Compared with normal control group, responses of wide dynamic range neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord were increased in the EA at 1 m A and 3 m A groups(1 m A: 0.84 ± 0.74 vs 2.73 ± 0.65, P < 0.001; 3 m A: 1.91 ± 1.48 vs 6.44 ± 1.26, P < 0.001) and Mox at 43?℃ and 46?℃ groups(43?℃: 1.76 ± 0.81 vs 4.14 ± 1.83, P = 0.001; 46?℃: 5.19 ± 2.03 vs 7.91 ± 2.27, P = 0.01). MC degranulation rates and the expression of 5-HT, 5-HT3 R and 5-HT4 R in the colon of Mox 46?℃ group were decreased compared with model group(MC degranulation rates: 0.47 ± 0.56 vs 0.28 ± 0.78, P < 0.001; 5-HT: 1.42 ± 0.65 vs 7.38 ± 1.12, P < 0.001; 5-HT3R: 6.62 ± 0.77 vs 2.86 ± 0.88, P < 0.001; 5-HT4R: 4.62 ± 0.65 vs 2.22 ± 0.97, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The analgesic effects of Mox at 46?℃ are greater than those of Mox at 43?℃, EA 1 m A and EA 3 m A.展开更多
Objective:To explore the efficacy of ethanolic leaf extract of Typhonium trilobatum L.Schott in treating diarrhea,pain and inflammation using experimental models.Methods:In the present study,acetic acid-induced writhi...Objective:To explore the efficacy of ethanolic leaf extract of Typhonium trilobatum L.Schott in treating diarrhea,pain and inflammation using experimental models.Methods:In the present study,acetic acid-induced writhing,xylene-induced ear edema and castor oil-imluced diarrlieal model were used to evaluate the analgesic,anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities,respectively.Acute toxicity test was carried out to fix the safe doses of the plant extract.Results:The plant extract demonstrated a significant inhibition of writhing(P<0.01)compared with the control group in acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice.The extract also significantly inhibited the xylene induced ear edema formation(P<0.05).In anti-diarrheal test,the extract significantly decreased the frequency of defecation and increased the mean latent period(P<0.0l)in castor oil-induced diarrheal model mice at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight.Conclusions:These results suggest that the extract possesses significant analgesic,anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities that support to the ethnopharmacologicl uses of this plant.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Triumfetta rhomboidea on mice and rats respectively.And to screen the phytochemical constituent of the ex...Objective:To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Triumfetta rhomboidea on mice and rats respectively.And to screen the phytochemical constituent of the extract. Methods:The analgesic effect was determined by acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice.While the anti-inflammatory activity was determined by egg albumin-induced oedema of the rat paw.Phytochemical screening was done by standard procedures.Results:Triumfetta rhomboidea leaf extract(50 -400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significant inhibition on the egg albumin-induced eodema or inflammation in Wister albino rats with P【0.001(ANOVA).This effect was higher than the observed effect with Piroxicam(0.5 mg/kg) which was used as a standard.The effect was also dose-dependent.Furthermore,Triumfetta rhomboidea extract caused a statistically significant reduction in the number of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice,with P【0.001(ANOVA).These effects were also does-dependent and greater than the analgesic effects by paracetamol which was used as a reference drug.Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids,steroids, triterpenoids alkaloids,tannins and saponins in Truimfetta rhomboidea leaf extract.Conclusion:Triumfetta rhomboidea can be recommended for acute inflammatory disorders and diseases associated with pains.This also supports its traditional use as an anti-snake bite and anti-cancer or anti-tumor agent.Further study is on the way to find out the mechanism of its action and also to isolate,identify and characterize the active principle responsible for these effects in this plant.展开更多
[Objectives] To screen out the anti-inflammatory and analgesic parts of Ardisia gigantifolia stapf.and to explore the toxicological safety of each part.[Methods]The carrageenan-induced toe swelling experiment of mice,...[Objectives] To screen out the anti-inflammatory and analgesic parts of Ardisia gigantifolia stapf.and to explore the toxicological safety of each part.[Methods]The carrageenan-induced toe swelling experiment of mice,acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary permeability experiment,pain writhing test,and mouse maximum tolerated dose experiment were carried out.Taking mouse toe swelling,capillary permeability,pain writhing reaction times,and animal death number as indicators,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were screened and toxicological safety was evaluated for petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water parts of A.gigantifolia.[Results] The petroleum ether part of A.gigantifolia can significantly reduce the degree of carrageenan-induced toe swelling of(P < 0.05),significantly inhibit the glacial acetic acid induced capillary permeability of mice(P < 0.05) and the times of pain writhing of mice(P < 0.01),no death was observed in each group after 150-fold of clinical equivalent dose administration,and no abnormality was observed in body weight and tissues of mice.[Conclusions]The petroleum ether part of A.gigantifolia is active part of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect,and each part is low in toxicological safety.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Millettia speciosa and Tinpspora sinensis and their compatibility.[Methods](i)In the glacial acetic acid writhing experiment,60 SPF-grade Kunming mic...[Objectives]To study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Millettia speciosa and Tinpspora sinensis and their compatibility.[Methods](i)In the glacial acetic acid writhing experiment,60 SPF-grade Kunming mice were adopted,and the mice were randomly divided into 6 groups at male-female ratio of 1∶1,namely,the blank control group,M.speciosa group,T.sinensis group,M.speciosa compatible with T.sinensis group at the ratio of 1∶2(expressed as 1∶2 compatibility group),M.speciosa compatible with T.sinensis group at the ratio of 1∶1(expressed as 1∶1 compatibility group),and M.speciosa compatible with T.sinensis group at the ratio of 2∶1(expressed as 2∶1 compatibility group),12 mice for each group.Mice of the experimental groups were administered at a dose of 20 mL/kg,and the corresponding concentration of the Chinese medicine extract was given at 1 g/mL.The control group was administered with an equal volume of 0.9%physiological saline,and was intragastrically administered once every 24 h for 14 d.After intragastric administration for one hour on day 14,intraperitoneal injection of 0.5%glacial acetic acid solution was performed to induce pain.(ii)In the hot plate experiment,60 Kunming female SPF mice were adopted,grouped,intragastrically administered with the same glacial acetic acid writhing experiment for 14 d.After intragastric administration for one hour on day 14,the mice were placed on a hot plate apparatus at(55±0.5)℃.to measure the time of licking their hind feet.(iii)In the anti-inflammatory experiment,60 Kunming SPF mice were adopted,grouped,intragastrically administered with the same glacial acetic acid writhing experiment for 14 d.After intragastric administration for one hour on day 14,xylylene was administered to the left ears of mice at a dose of 50μL/piece to induce inflammation.[Results](i)In the glacial acetic acid writhing experiment,compared with the blank control group,the experimental group showed analgesic effects.Specifically,M.speciosa group,T.sinensis group,1∶2 compatibility group,1∶1 compatibility group,2∶1 compatibility group showed significant effect(P<0.05),the writhing inhibition rate was 17.65%,20.59%,29.41%,26.47%,and 44.12%,respectively,and 2∶1 compatibility group showed the most significant analgesic effects.(ii)In the hot plate experiment,compared with the control group,all experimental groups showed analgesic effect.Specifically,M.speciosa group,T.sinensis group,1∶2 compatibility group,1∶1 compatibility group,2∶1 compatibility group showed significant effect(P<0.05),the pain threshold improvement rates were 16.13%,14.55%,14.96%,29.95%,and 58.68%,respectively,and 2∶1 compatibility group showed the most significant analgesic effect.(iii)In the anti-inflammatory experiment,the swelling degree of the 1∶2 compatibility group was significantly different from that of the blank control group,M.speciosa group,T.sinensis group(P<0.05).and 1∶2 compatibility group showed the most significant anti-inflammatory effect.[Conclusions]M.speciosa,T.sinensis,and their compatibility had anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.The 2∶1 compatibility group had the best analgesic effects,and 1∶2 compatibility group had the best anti-inflammatory effects.展开更多
[Objectives]The analgesic and hemostatic effects of Paris polyphylla,Scutellaria baicalensis,and their compatibility were studied.[Methods](i)In the experiment on the writhing of mice induced by acetic acid,60 Kunming...[Objectives]The analgesic and hemostatic effects of Paris polyphylla,Scutellaria baicalensis,and their compatibility were studied.[Methods](i)In the experiment on the writhing of mice induced by acetic acid,60 Kunming SPF mice were randomly selected,and were randomly divided into 6 groups according to the male-to-female ratio of 1∶1,including blank control group,P.polyphylla group,S.baicalensis group,and three P.polyphylla and S.baicalensis compatibility groups(with the ratio of 1∶2,1∶1 and 1∶2).There were 10 mice in each group.In the experimental groups,the mice were given 1 g/mL Chinese medicine extract according to a dose of 20 mL/kg.In the control group,the mice were given 0.9%normal saline in equal volumes.Gavage was performed one time every 24 h and lasted for 14 d.1 h after the gavage on the 14th day,they were given 0.5%glacial acetic acid solution via intraperitoneal injection.(ii)In the hot plate experiment,60 Kunming SPF mice were selected,and the ratio of male to female,grouping,administration and gavage were the same as those of the glacial acetic acid-induced writhing experiment.Gavage was lasted for 14 d.1 h after the gavage on the 14th day,the mice were placed on a hot plate apparatus at(55±0.5)℃,and the time of licking hindfoot was measured.(iii)The hemostatic effect was explored through three experimental methods of tail hemostasis,femoral artery hemostasis and liver hemostasis.60 Kunming SPF mice were taken in each of the three experiments,and the male-female ratio and grouping were the same as above.The powder was covered on the surface of the wound sites,and the bleeding was observed.The hemostatic time was recorded,and the hemostatic time was recorded as 3 min if it exceeded 3 min.[Results](i)In the acetic acid-induced writhing experiment,compared with the blank control group,the pain of mice in the experimental groups was inhibited.Among them,P.polyphylla group,S.baicalensis group,compatibility 1∶2 group,compatibility 1∶1 group,and compatibility 2∶1 group had significant effects(P<0.05),and the inhibition rate of writhing was 20.43%,28.32%,52.30%,32.79%,and 39.02%,respectively.The analgesic effect of the compatibility 1∶2 group was the most obvious.(ii)In the hot plate experiment,compared with the blank control group,the experimental groups had analgesic effect.Among them,P.polyphylla group,S.baicalensis group,compatibility 1∶2 group,compatibility 1∶1 group,and compatibility 2∶1 group had significant effects(P<0.05),and the increase rate of pain threshold was 29.17%,47.83%,61.54%,and 50.61%,and 53.83%,respectively.The analgesic effect of the compatibility 2∶1 group was the most significant.(iii)In the hemostatic experiment,there was a significant difference in hemostatic time between the compatibility 1∶2 group and the blank control group,P.polyphylla group,and S.baicalensis group(P<0.05).The hemostatic effect of the compatibility 1∶2 group was the best.[Conclusions]P.polyphylla,S.baicalensis,and its compatibility had good analgesic and hemostatic effects,and the best compatibility ratio was 1∶2.展开更多
文摘Background: Elastomeric pumps (elastic balls into which analgesics or antibiotics can be inserted) push medicines through a catheter to a nerve or blood vessel. Since elastomeric pumps are small and need no power source, they fit easily into a pocket during infusion, allowing patient mobility. Elastomeric pumps are widely used and widely studied experimentally, but they have well-known problems, such as maintaining reliable flow rates and avoiding toxicity or other peak-and-trough effects. Objectives: Our research objective is to develop a realistic theoretical model of an elastomeric pump, analyze its flow rates, determine its toxicity conditions, and otherwise improve its operation. We believe this is the first such theoretical model of an elastomeric pump consisting of an elastic, medicine-filled ball attached to a horizontal catheter. Method: Our method is to model the system as a quasi-Poiseuille flow driven by the pressure drop generated by the elastic sphere. We construct an engineering model of the pressure exerted by an elastic sphere and match it to a solution of the one-dimensional radial Navier-Stokes equation that describes flow through a horizontal, cylindrical tube. Results: Our results are that the model accurately reproduces flow rates obtained in clinical studies. We also discover that the flow rate has an unavoidable maximum, which we call the “toxicity bump”, when the radius of the sphere approaches its terminal, unstretched value—an effect that has been observed experimentally. Conclusions: We conclude that by choosing the properties of an elastomeric pump, the toxicity bump can be restricted to less than 10% of the earlier, relatively constant flow rate. Our model also produces a relation between the length of time that the analgesic fluid infuses and the physical properties of the fluid, of the elastomeric sphere and the tube, and of the blood vessel into which the analgesic infuses. From these, we conclude that elastomeric pumps can be designed, using our simple model, to control infusion times while avoiding toxicity effects.
基金Weifang Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(Medical)Project“Effects and Mechanisms of Oxycodone and Alfentanil on IgFs in Mouse Ovarian Granulosa Cells”(2021YX035)。
文摘Objective:To observe the analgesic effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Method:One hundred and twenty elderly hip fracture surgery patients treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 60 cases in the experimental group and 60 in the control group.The experimental group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention measures,while the control group was given epidural anesthesia intervention measures.The analgesic effect,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP)levels,and other observation indicators were analyzed after anesthesia intervention.Result:After the intervention,the analgesic effect and the evaluation results of the subjects in the experimental group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05);the obtained values of TNF-αand CRP levels in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention demonstrated positive outcomes.The analgesic effect of patients during surgery and their inflammatory factor levels improved,which makes this intervention worthy of clinical application and promotion.
文摘Objective:To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of standardized extract of Cotinus coggygria(C.coggygria)in different animal models.Methods:C.coggygria extracts(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)were administered to rats and mice(n=6)during hot plate,tail-flick,acetic acid-induced writhing,and formalin tests to determine its analgesic efficacy.The anti-inflammatory activity of C.coggygria extracts was evaluated by histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,cotton pellet-induced granuloma,and acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary dye leakage tests.Results:C.coggygria extracts(50 and 100 mg/kg)significantly alleviated thermal and chemical-induced pain in rodents(P<0.05).It also demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory properties by mitigating histamine and carrageenan-induced paw edema,granuloma deposits,and vascular permeability(P<0.05).Moreover,C.coggygria extracts remarkably reduced TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,COX-2,and oxidative stress in rat paws(P<0.05).Carrageenan-induced histological aberrations in hind paw tissues were effectively(P<0.05)mitigated by treatment with C.coggygria extracts.Conclusions:C.coggygria Scop.extracts show analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of COX-2 and inflammatory and oxidative mediators.
文摘Objective: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms of a breast lump resolution detergent in a rat model of breast hyperplasia. Methods: A rat model of breast hyperplasia was established using injections of estradiol benzoate combined with progesterone. The effects of the breast lump resolution detergent on nipple height and diameter in the rat model were observed, along with its impact on serum levels of estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), and progesterone (P). Additionally, the study examined the morphological changes in breast tissue. The impact of the breast nodule detergent on blood rheology parameters was also observed. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of the breast nodule detergent was assessed using the cotton ball granuloma experiment, and the analgesic effect was observed using the writhing test. Results: The breast lump resolution detergent reduced nipple height and diameter in the rat model, decreased serum levels of E2, PRL, and P, and alleviated pathological changes in breast tissue. It also lowered hemorheological parameters including whole blood high, medium, and low shear viscosity, plasma viscosity, red blood cell hematocrit, red blood cell aggregation index, red blood cell deformability index, red blood cell electrophoresis time, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the acute “blood stasis” rat model. The detergent reduced the weight of cotton ball granulomas in mice and decreased the number of writhing episodes caused by acetic acid. Conclusion: The breast lump resolution detergent demonstrates favorable therapeutic effects in treating breast hyperplasia, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, exerting anti-inflammatory properties, and providing analgesic effects. The downregulation of serum E2 and PRL levels and the upregulation of P levels may be critical mechanisms underlying its efficacy.
文摘Chronic musculoskeletal pain(CMP)is a common occurrence in clinical practice and there are a variety of options for the treatment of it.However,the pharmacological therapy is still considered to be a primary treatment.The recent years have witnessed the emergence of opioid crisis,yet there are no relevant guidelines on how to treat CMP with non-opioid analgesics properly.The Chinese Medical Association for the Study of Pain convened a panel meeting to develop clinical practice consensus for the treatment of CMP with non-opioid analgesics.The purpose of this consensus is to present the application of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs,serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors,serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors,muscle relaxants,ion channel drugs and topical drugs in CMP.
基金supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”(2020-JYB-ZDGG-054)“Beijing university of Chinese medicine XINAO Award Fund”(2019)Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Scientific Research and Development Fund(2170072220002).
文摘Objective To determine the active components of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker(Tu Bie Chong)and explore the mechanisms underlying its fracture-healing ability.Methods A modified Einhorn method was used to develop a rat tibial fracture model.Progression of bone healing was assessed using radiological methods.Safranin O/fast green and CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate the growth of bone cells and angiogenesis at the fracture site.Methylthiazoletetrazolium blue and wound healing assays were used to analyze cell viability and migration.The Transwell assay was used to explore the invasion capacity of the cells.Tubule formation assays were used to assess the angiogenesis capacity of human vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs).qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the changes in gene transcription levels.Results Tu Bie Chong fraction 3(TF3)significantly shortened the fracture healing time in model rats.X-ray results showed that on day 14,fracture healing in the TF3 treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group(P=.0086).Tissue staining showed that cartilage growth and the number of H-shaped blood vessels at the fracture site of the TF3 treatment group were better than those of the control group.In vitro,TF3 significantly promoted the proliferation and wound healing of MC3T3-E1s and HUVECs(all P<.01).Transwell assays showed that TF3 promoted the migration of HUVECs,but inhibited the migration of MC3T3-E1 cells.Tubule formation experiments confirmed that TF3 markedly promoted the ability of vascular endothelial cells to form microtubules.Gene expression analysis revealed that TF3 significantly promoted the expression of VEGFA,SPOCD1,NGF,and NGFR in HUVECs.In MC3T3-E1 cells,the transcript levels of RUNX2 and COL2A1 were significantly elevated following TF3 treatment.Conclusion TF3 promotes fracture healing by promoting bone regeneration associated with the RUNX2 pathway and angiogenesis associated with the VEGFA pathway.
基金Supported by Central Talent Training Project for the Reform and Development of Local Colleges and Universities(2020GSP16)Guidance Project of Key R&D Plan in Heilongjiang Province(GZ20220039).
文摘Koumine is an indole alkaloid monomer extracted from the Chinese herb Gelsemium elegans,which has a variety of pharmacological effects.This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of koumine,with a particular emphasis on its mechanisms of action in the context of anticancer,anti-inflammatory,analgesic,and anxiolytic properties.The aim is to provide a theoretical foundation for further research and the application of koumine in clinical practice.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20372006 and 20772009)
文摘Selecting compound 97-9-G4 as lead compound, a series of bispiperazinittm salts 5a-h were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their analgesic activities. The results show that phenylethyl group of 97-9-G4 is a crucial pharmacophore; the intro- duction of electron-withdrawing group on benzene ring is favorable to the activity.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)No.2009CB522900 and No.2015CB554501National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973784
文摘AIM To observe whether there are differences in the effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion(Mox) in rats with visceral hypersensitivity. METHODS EA at 1 m A and 3 m A and Mox at 43?℃ and 46?℃ were applied to the Shangjuxu(ST37, bilateral) acupoints in model rats with visceral hypersensitivity. Responses of wide dynamic range neurons in dorsal horns of the spinal cord were observed through the extracellular recordings. Mast cells(MC) activity in the colons of rats were assessed, and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor(5-HT3R) and 5-HT4Rexpressions in the colons were measured.RESULTS Compared with normal control group, responses of wide dynamic range neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord were increased in the EA at 1 m A and 3 m A groups(1 m A: 0.84 ± 0.74 vs 2.73 ± 0.65, P < 0.001; 3 m A: 1.91 ± 1.48 vs 6.44 ± 1.26, P < 0.001) and Mox at 43?℃ and 46?℃ groups(43?℃: 1.76 ± 0.81 vs 4.14 ± 1.83, P = 0.001; 46?℃: 5.19 ± 2.03 vs 7.91 ± 2.27, P = 0.01). MC degranulation rates and the expression of 5-HT, 5-HT3 R and 5-HT4 R in the colon of Mox 46?℃ group were decreased compared with model group(MC degranulation rates: 0.47 ± 0.56 vs 0.28 ± 0.78, P < 0.001; 5-HT: 1.42 ± 0.65 vs 7.38 ± 1.12, P < 0.001; 5-HT3R: 6.62 ± 0.77 vs 2.86 ± 0.88, P < 0.001; 5-HT4R: 4.62 ± 0.65 vs 2.22 ± 0.97, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The analgesic effects of Mox at 46?℃ are greater than those of Mox at 43?℃, EA 1 m A and EA 3 m A.
基金Khulna University,Bangladesh for providing adequate financial support to carry out the research work
文摘Objective:To explore the efficacy of ethanolic leaf extract of Typhonium trilobatum L.Schott in treating diarrhea,pain and inflammation using experimental models.Methods:In the present study,acetic acid-induced writhing,xylene-induced ear edema and castor oil-imluced diarrlieal model were used to evaluate the analgesic,anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities,respectively.Acute toxicity test was carried out to fix the safe doses of the plant extract.Results:The plant extract demonstrated a significant inhibition of writhing(P<0.01)compared with the control group in acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice.The extract also significantly inhibited the xylene induced ear edema formation(P<0.05).In anti-diarrheal test,the extract significantly decreased the frequency of defecation and increased the mean latent period(P<0.0l)in castor oil-induced diarrheal model mice at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight.Conclusions:These results suggest that the extract possesses significant analgesic,anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities that support to the ethnopharmacologicl uses of this plant.
文摘Objective:To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Triumfetta rhomboidea on mice and rats respectively.And to screen the phytochemical constituent of the extract. Methods:The analgesic effect was determined by acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice.While the anti-inflammatory activity was determined by egg albumin-induced oedema of the rat paw.Phytochemical screening was done by standard procedures.Results:Triumfetta rhomboidea leaf extract(50 -400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significant inhibition on the egg albumin-induced eodema or inflammation in Wister albino rats with P【0.001(ANOVA).This effect was higher than the observed effect with Piroxicam(0.5 mg/kg) which was used as a standard.The effect was also dose-dependent.Furthermore,Triumfetta rhomboidea extract caused a statistically significant reduction in the number of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice,with P【0.001(ANOVA).These effects were also does-dependent and greater than the analgesic effects by paracetamol which was used as a reference drug.Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids,steroids, triterpenoids alkaloids,tannins and saponins in Truimfetta rhomboidea leaf extract.Conclusion:Triumfetta rhomboidea can be recommended for acute inflammatory disorders and diseases associated with pains.This also supports its traditional use as an anti-snake bite and anti-cancer or anti-tumor agent.Further study is on the way to find out the mechanism of its action and also to isolate,identify and characterize the active principle responsible for these effects in this plant.
基金Supported by the Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province(20171282)
文摘[Objectives] To screen out the anti-inflammatory and analgesic parts of Ardisia gigantifolia stapf.and to explore the toxicological safety of each part.[Methods]The carrageenan-induced toe swelling experiment of mice,acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary permeability experiment,pain writhing test,and mouse maximum tolerated dose experiment were carried out.Taking mouse toe swelling,capillary permeability,pain writhing reaction times,and animal death number as indicators,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were screened and toxicological safety was evaluated for petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water parts of A.gigantifolia.[Results] The petroleum ether part of A.gigantifolia can significantly reduce the degree of carrageenan-induced toe swelling of(P < 0.05),significantly inhibit the glacial acetic acid induced capillary permeability of mice(P < 0.05) and the times of pain writhing of mice(P < 0.01),no death was observed in each group after 150-fold of clinical equivalent dose administration,and no abnormality was observed in body weight and tissues of mice.[Conclusions]The petroleum ether part of A.gigantifolia is active part of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect,and each part is low in toxicological safety.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi(Gui Ke AB18221095)Project of Famous Teacher Training Program in Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities-State Level Famous Teacher Training Program(You Yi Yuan Zi[2018]No.98)High-level Talent Scientific Research Project of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities(01002018079).
文摘[Objectives]To study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Millettia speciosa and Tinpspora sinensis and their compatibility.[Methods](i)In the glacial acetic acid writhing experiment,60 SPF-grade Kunming mice were adopted,and the mice were randomly divided into 6 groups at male-female ratio of 1∶1,namely,the blank control group,M.speciosa group,T.sinensis group,M.speciosa compatible with T.sinensis group at the ratio of 1∶2(expressed as 1∶2 compatibility group),M.speciosa compatible with T.sinensis group at the ratio of 1∶1(expressed as 1∶1 compatibility group),and M.speciosa compatible with T.sinensis group at the ratio of 2∶1(expressed as 2∶1 compatibility group),12 mice for each group.Mice of the experimental groups were administered at a dose of 20 mL/kg,and the corresponding concentration of the Chinese medicine extract was given at 1 g/mL.The control group was administered with an equal volume of 0.9%physiological saline,and was intragastrically administered once every 24 h for 14 d.After intragastric administration for one hour on day 14,intraperitoneal injection of 0.5%glacial acetic acid solution was performed to induce pain.(ii)In the hot plate experiment,60 Kunming female SPF mice were adopted,grouped,intragastrically administered with the same glacial acetic acid writhing experiment for 14 d.After intragastric administration for one hour on day 14,the mice were placed on a hot plate apparatus at(55±0.5)℃.to measure the time of licking their hind feet.(iii)In the anti-inflammatory experiment,60 Kunming SPF mice were adopted,grouped,intragastrically administered with the same glacial acetic acid writhing experiment for 14 d.After intragastric administration for one hour on day 14,xylylene was administered to the left ears of mice at a dose of 50μL/piece to induce inflammation.[Results](i)In the glacial acetic acid writhing experiment,compared with the blank control group,the experimental group showed analgesic effects.Specifically,M.speciosa group,T.sinensis group,1∶2 compatibility group,1∶1 compatibility group,2∶1 compatibility group showed significant effect(P<0.05),the writhing inhibition rate was 17.65%,20.59%,29.41%,26.47%,and 44.12%,respectively,and 2∶1 compatibility group showed the most significant analgesic effects.(ii)In the hot plate experiment,compared with the control group,all experimental groups showed analgesic effect.Specifically,M.speciosa group,T.sinensis group,1∶2 compatibility group,1∶1 compatibility group,2∶1 compatibility group showed significant effect(P<0.05),the pain threshold improvement rates were 16.13%,14.55%,14.96%,29.95%,and 58.68%,respectively,and 2∶1 compatibility group showed the most significant analgesic effect.(iii)In the anti-inflammatory experiment,the swelling degree of the 1∶2 compatibility group was significantly different from that of the blank control group,M.speciosa group,T.sinensis group(P<0.05).and 1∶2 compatibility group showed the most significant anti-inflammatory effect.[Conclusions]M.speciosa,T.sinensis,and their compatibility had anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.The 2∶1 compatibility group had the best analgesic effects,and 1∶2 compatibility group had the best anti-inflammatory effects.
基金Major Research and Development Plan Program of Guangxi,China(Guike AB18221095)Famous Teacher Training Plan Program of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities——National-level Famous Teacher Training Plan Program(Youyiyuanzi[2018]No.98)+1 种基金High-level Talent Research Project of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities(01002018079)National and Autonomous Region Innovation Planning Project for University Students in 2019(201910599023).
文摘[Objectives]The analgesic and hemostatic effects of Paris polyphylla,Scutellaria baicalensis,and their compatibility were studied.[Methods](i)In the experiment on the writhing of mice induced by acetic acid,60 Kunming SPF mice were randomly selected,and were randomly divided into 6 groups according to the male-to-female ratio of 1∶1,including blank control group,P.polyphylla group,S.baicalensis group,and three P.polyphylla and S.baicalensis compatibility groups(with the ratio of 1∶2,1∶1 and 1∶2).There were 10 mice in each group.In the experimental groups,the mice were given 1 g/mL Chinese medicine extract according to a dose of 20 mL/kg.In the control group,the mice were given 0.9%normal saline in equal volumes.Gavage was performed one time every 24 h and lasted for 14 d.1 h after the gavage on the 14th day,they were given 0.5%glacial acetic acid solution via intraperitoneal injection.(ii)In the hot plate experiment,60 Kunming SPF mice were selected,and the ratio of male to female,grouping,administration and gavage were the same as those of the glacial acetic acid-induced writhing experiment.Gavage was lasted for 14 d.1 h after the gavage on the 14th day,the mice were placed on a hot plate apparatus at(55±0.5)℃,and the time of licking hindfoot was measured.(iii)The hemostatic effect was explored through three experimental methods of tail hemostasis,femoral artery hemostasis and liver hemostasis.60 Kunming SPF mice were taken in each of the three experiments,and the male-female ratio and grouping were the same as above.The powder was covered on the surface of the wound sites,and the bleeding was observed.The hemostatic time was recorded,and the hemostatic time was recorded as 3 min if it exceeded 3 min.[Results](i)In the acetic acid-induced writhing experiment,compared with the blank control group,the pain of mice in the experimental groups was inhibited.Among them,P.polyphylla group,S.baicalensis group,compatibility 1∶2 group,compatibility 1∶1 group,and compatibility 2∶1 group had significant effects(P<0.05),and the inhibition rate of writhing was 20.43%,28.32%,52.30%,32.79%,and 39.02%,respectively.The analgesic effect of the compatibility 1∶2 group was the most obvious.(ii)In the hot plate experiment,compared with the blank control group,the experimental groups had analgesic effect.Among them,P.polyphylla group,S.baicalensis group,compatibility 1∶2 group,compatibility 1∶1 group,and compatibility 2∶1 group had significant effects(P<0.05),and the increase rate of pain threshold was 29.17%,47.83%,61.54%,and 50.61%,and 53.83%,respectively.The analgesic effect of the compatibility 2∶1 group was the most significant.(iii)In the hemostatic experiment,there was a significant difference in hemostatic time between the compatibility 1∶2 group and the blank control group,P.polyphylla group,and S.baicalensis group(P<0.05).The hemostatic effect of the compatibility 1∶2 group was the best.[Conclusions]P.polyphylla,S.baicalensis,and its compatibility had good analgesic and hemostatic effects,and the best compatibility ratio was 1∶2.